scholarly journals Wpływ wojennych wydarzeń dziejowych (res gestae) i relacji o nich (historie rerum gestarum) na kondycję materialnych pozostałości po tych wydarzeniach. Studium przypadku na temat dziedzictwa konfliktów zbrojnych jako wyzwania poznawczego i społecznego

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 409-441
Author(s):  
Anna Izabella Zalewska ◽  
Dorota Cyngot
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Great War ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Active Care

In the article we consider the relationship between the poor condition of material remains of the Great War on one of the former Eastern Front’s battlefield’s in the Rawka and Bzura region with the long term attitudes of the local population towards the soldiers of Russian and German armies, fighting and killed there. For this purpose, we have analyzed written sources and witnesses accounts, as well asartifacts from archaeological research. We assume that recognizing situation of the local population during the events of 1914–1915 and after the war may bring us closer to answering the questions posed herein. Thus, we suppose, that loss of property, extremely difficult conditions of everyday life, illnesses and suffering, fear of military authorities and soldiers, of epidemic factors and infectious diseases, death of lovedones also those enlisted in the armies of the occupiers – these types of traumatic experiences – conditioned the attitude of the local population towards soldiers of the Great War. Some lasting consequences of this can be observed till today – in the form of fading traces of the material heritage of the Great War. Focusing on the material and discursive dimensions, we analyze the relationships between the primary (res gestae) and consequential/secondary processes (rerum gestarum histories and narrations) and observe a kind of causative “breaking the continuity” between them. Using the methods of historical archaeology, archaeology of recent past, memory studies, history etc., creates interesting, but so far poorly used, research possibilities. Most importantly, it can contribute to shaping attitudes characterized by historical and archaeological sensitivity and the will to understand the value of a difficult heritage (including resting places of fallen soldiers) and to prompt active care for it.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Dónal Hassett
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Great War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

This conclusion ties together the different cases studied throughout the book to illustrate the centrality of the Great War to political discourse in the Algeria of the 1920s and 1930s. It analyses the effectiveness of the evocation of the Great War as a framing strategy for political, economic, and social demands in a colonial context. In particular, it considers how efforts to shroud rival conceptions of the relationship between the colonial state, its citizens, and its subjects in the cloak of legitimacy conferred by the war often had unforeseen consequences. The book concludes by arguing that the predominance of the Great War in political discourse in colonial Algeria may have, in the short term, ensured that most political actors envisaged reform within the bounds of the imperial polity, but it also created expectations that, in the long term, the colonial state proved unwilling and unable to satisfy.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robb Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great War ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Fish Trade

This chapter analyses the role that fishermen and the fishing industry came to play in the Great War and the contribution they made to the British maritime war effort. It discusses mines that sunk many warships as one of the key reasons why fishermen and fishing vessels came to play a vital role on the maritime front line. It also recounts the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905 that had a dramatic, immediate, and profoundly direct impact on Hull fishermen. The chapter looks at the lessons learned from the Russo-Japanese War by naval strategists, which have long-term implications for the British fish trade and for the fishermen who manned the vessels. It describes the Great War as the first twentieth-century conflict in which both sides deployed a great deal of modern naval weaponry and products of the new military-industrial order.

The Great War and Paramilitarism in Europe, 1917–23

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT GERWARTH ◽  
JOHN HORNE
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this comparative conclusion, the authors consider some of the most influential trends in the historiography of political and paramilitary violence, with particular reference to the relationship between wartime and post-war violence. The heuristic value of the ‘aftershocks’ metaphor is considered, as are the advantages (and potential pitfalls) of the contributors’ transnational approach. Finally, the authors suggest an agenda for future research on paramilitary violence, which looks at the phenomenon in a global perspective.

scholarly journals CULTURE VS.KULTUR, OR A CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS: PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GREAT WAR, 1917–1918

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
MOSHIK TEMKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great War ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article analyses the historical conditions for, and implications of, the attitudes and conduct of a number of prominent or influential public intellectuals in the United States during the Great War. It argues that many intellectuals, particularly those who supported American entry to the war, shared a general lack of concern with the realities of full-scale warfare. Their response to the war had little to do with the war itself – its political and economic causes, brutal and industrial character, and human and material costs. Rather, their positions were often based on their views of culture and philosophy, or on their visions of the post-war world. As a result, relatively few of these intellectuals fully considered the political, social, and economic context in which the catastrophe occurred. The war, to many of them, was primarily a clash of civilizations, a battle of good versus evil, civilized democracy versus barbaric savagery, progress versus backwardness, culture versus kultur. The article describes several manifestations of American intellectual approaches to the war, discusses the correlation between intellectual and general public attitudes, and concludes with some implications for thinking about the relationship between intellectuals and war in more recent American history.

War Commemoration and the Republic in Crisis: Weimar Germany and the Neue Wache

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Forner
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Great War ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The Will ◽  
War Dead ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Great War ◽  
War Commemoration

“Our dead are above the petty quarreling and the wretched, empty phrases that we cherish. A deep remembrance of our fallen brethren can only strengthen the will to reconcile differences and awaken the spirit that one of their number once expressed in this fashion: ‘Germany must live, even if we must die.”’ Thus a conservative nationalist representative to the Reichstag in Berlin addressed his colleagues in March 1927. His words reflect several notions current in Weimar Germany. They voice a call, still impassioned eight years after the armistice, for commemoration of the war dead, and they register a frustration with the contentious fragmentation of contemporary political culture, so dissonant with the image of soldiers unified in selfless sacrifice for the German fatherland. Finally, these words articulate the widespread sense that it was in the memory of the fallen of the Great War and in the emulation of their heroic sacrifice that Germans could find the bond to unify them as a people during the postwar period.

scholarly journals The Reality of Return: Exploring the Experiences of World War One Soldiers after Their Return to New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Coralie Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Idealistic View

<p>The focus of this thesis is the lives of New Zealand's returned Great War soldiers. This thesis explores the experiences of men who did not successfully repatriate as a counterpoint to the experiences of those who did, and argues that men's return to New Zealand and their post war lives were shaped by many factors including access to employment and good health. Many returned soldiers were able to resume their lives on return and led relatively happy and successful lives. For these men, their success seems to have come from the ability to find or resume employment, good health, family support, and financial support. For those who did not, one or more of these factors was often missing, and this could lead to short or long term struggle. The 1920s form the backdrop of this thesis, and were a time of uncertainty and anxiety for returned men and their families. The disillusionment of the 1920s was exacerbated by men's nostalgia for New Zealand which they built up during the war. Tens of thousands of men returned to New Zealand from war with dreams and hopes for the future. The horrors of war had given men an idealistic view of peaceful New Zealand, and dreams of home comforts and loved ones had sustained these men through their long absence. For those who returned to find life difficult, the idealistic view of New Zealand as a land of simplicity and happiness would have been hard to maintain. Chapter 1 demonstrates the idealisation of New Zealand and 'home' built up by soldiers and their families during the war. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 use the lenses of employment, illness – specifically tuberculosis – and alcoholism to argue that for many men and their families, the 1920s were an extension of the anxieties and separation of the Great War years. Sadly, for some, their lives were forever marred by the spectre of war and what their absence from home cost them.</p>

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Vanda Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Italy fought the Great War in pursuit of a Greater Italy; to that end, all the resources of nation and empire were mobilised. The end of the First World War saw the demise of the liberal emigrant model in Italy, in which diaspora communities were still colonies, in favour of a more conventional vision based solely on direct territorial control. Tracing the growth of Italian colonial ambitions from 1911 through to 1923 as against the objective decline and weakening of its real empire highlights the extent to which it was an empire of fantasy as much as reality. Nonetheless, though in many ways insubstantial, empire and above all the idea of empire exerted enormous influence on Italian attitudes, policies, and priorities in the era of the First World War, with devastating long-term consequences.

European Subaltern War Asses: ‘Service’ or ‘Employment’ in the Cypriot Mule Corps during the Great War?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-31
Author(s):  
Andrekos Varnava
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Military History ◽  
Great War ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
British Military ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

In summer 1916 the British Salonica Army and the Cypriot colonial government established the Cypriot Mule Corps (also known as the Macedonian Mule Corps). It was a staggering success in terms of recruitment, with over 12,000 men serving at one time or another in Salonica during the war and in Constantinople after the armistice, consisting of about 25% of the Cypriot male population aged 18–35. This article engages with three historiographical fields: British military history, British imperial history and Cypriot colonial and peasant and labouring history. All three are connected by the scope, the Great War and its immediate aftermath, and more specifically by the Cypriot Mule Corps. It brings Cyprus into the broader debate on the participation of the British non-settler empire in World War I. The main focus of the article is on the experiences of the men and their dependants. At the heart of this story is the power-imbalance in the relationship between the British coloniser, who desperately needed mule drivers, and the colonised Cypriots, mostly peasants and unskilled rural and urban labourers who enlisted because of the wages. The Cypriots had little control over the terms of their service, as the British progressively reduced their responsibilities to the men and their families, but because the British were desperate for their service they attempted to accommodate their grievances. Therefore, the article proposes to envisage the experience of Cypriot muleteers and their families through a theoretical framework borrowed from the Subaltern Studies Group. Homi Bhabha's ‘liminal space’, in which ‘negotiation’ can take place between colonised and coloniser, seems applicable here, even if dominated by the coloniser. When it suited them, such as when recruitment was at risk, the British not only listened but attempted to rectify the injustices, even showing flexibility; but when it did not they proved inflexible.

Narrativity and Empiricism in Classical Indian Accounts of Birth and Death: The Mahābhārata and the Saṃhitās of Caraka and Suśruta

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Great War ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sanskrit Epic

This paper will address the relationship between the Mahābhārata's representation of the physical processes of birth and death and similar material found in the classical ayurvedic texts of Caraka and Suśruta, which are roughly contemporaneous with the Sanskrit epic (second century BCE–second century CE). My primary source in the Mahābhārata (MBh) is the Anugītā, the second, and lesser known, dialogue between kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. This 'subsidiary Gītā is situated in the fourteenth book (parvan) of the epic, the Āśvamedhika parvan, which ostensibly deals with the horse sacrifice (aśvamedha) performed by the victorious king Yudhiṣṭhira after the conclusion of the great war. The relevant chapters of the Anugītā (MBh 14.17–18) contain fascinating and practically unknown material on the physical processes of birth and death, on embryology, and on physical dissolution. I will explicate this material, and then compare it with selected passages from the Caraka-Saṃhitā and the Suśruta-Saṃhitā. I shall then ask why, given considerable evidence for intertextuality between the MBh and the āyurvedic compendia, the classical medical texts did not include this interesting material and why the Mahābhārata did. In exploring this question, I must inquire into the scientific, or at least empirical, principles utilised in the medical texts that would force their authors to exclude the MBh material they probably knew well, in order to frame a particular kind of discourse.

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