scholarly journals Can human and artificial agents share an autonomy, categorical imperative-based ethics and “moral” selfhood?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-208
Author(s):  
Ewa Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Intelligent Devices

AI designers endeavour to improve ‘autonomy’ in artificial intelligent devices, as recent developments show. This chapter firstly argues against attributing metaphysical attitudes to AI and, simultaneously, in favor of improving autonomous AI which has been enabled to respect autonomy in human agents. This seems to be the only responsible way of making further advances in the field of autonomous social AI. Let us examine what is meant by claims such as designing our artificial alter egos and sharing moral selves with artificial humanoid devices as well as providing autonomous AI with an ethical framework modelled upon the core aspects of moral selfhood, e.g., making decisions which are based on autonomous law-giving, in Kantian terms.

The Primacy of Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Andrea Schiavio
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Event Based

This chapter explores a possible alternative to traditional “paper-and-pencil” assessment practices in music classes. It argues that an approach based on phenomenological philosophy and inspired by recent developments in cognitive science may shed new light on learning and help educators reconsider grading systems accordingly. After individuating the core issue in an unresolved tension between subjective-objective methodologies relevant to certain learning contexts, the chapter proposes a possible remedy by appealing to three principles central to “embodied” approaches to cognition. Such principles may help educators reframe cognitive phenomena (learning described as a measurable event based on “information processing”) in terms of cognitive ecosystems (learning understood as a negotiating and transformative activity codetermined by diverse embodied and ecological factors connected in recurrent fashion). Accommodating this shift implies transforming assessment practices into more open and flexible systems that take seriously the challenge of cooperative learning and phenomenological reflections.

scholarly journals CASTING THE LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF OPPOSITION ONTO HOHFELD'S FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL CONCEPTS

Legal Theory ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
João Alberto de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Cristine Griffo ◽  
João Paulo A. Almeida ◽  
Giancarlo Guizzardi ◽  
Marcio Iorio Aranha
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Law ◽  
Opposition Theory ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Number Of Authors

Abstract At the core of Hohfeld's contribution to legal theory is a conceptual framework for the analysis of the legal positions occupied by agents in intersubjective legal relations. Hohfeld presented a system of eight “fundamental” concepts relying on notions of opposition and correlation. Throughout the years, a number of authors have followed Hohfeld in applying the notion of opposition to analyze legal concepts. Many of these authors have accounted for Hohfeld's theory in direct analogy with the standard deontic hexagon. This paper reviews some of these accounts and extends them employing recent developments from opposition theory. In particular, we are able to extend application of opposition theory to an open conception of the law. We also account for the implications of abandoning the assumption of conflict-freedom and admitting seemingly conflicting legal positions. This enables a fuller analysis of Hohfeld's conceptual analytical framework. We also offer a novel analysis of Hohfeld's power positions.

Anarchism and Cybernetics: A Missed Opportunity Revisited

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Thomas Swann
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Functional Hierarchy ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Conceptual Overview ◽  
Missed Opportunity

Chapter Three provides a historical and conceptual overview of both anarchism and cybernetics, focusing on recent developments in anarchist social movement practice and Stafford Beer’s organisational cybernetics respectively. The chapter argues that the core cybernetic principles of complexity, control and autonomy, understood through the overarching idea of self-organisation, can help elaborate a detailed understanding of anarchist organisation. To do so, the chapter develops Beer’s Viable System Model for anarchist social movement organising and uses the example of Occupy to show how the functional hierarchy of Beer’s model can be applied to forms of organisation that are typically understood as rejecting hierarchy. The chapter builds on an important article written by John D. McEwan to show how functional roles in an organisation can be realised on structurally non-hierarchical ways that reinforce the radically democratic and participatory practices of anarchism.

Socratic questioning put into clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Carlos Carona ◽  
Charlotte Handford ◽  
Ana Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Behavioural Medicine ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
The Core ◽  
Socratic Questioning ◽  
Recent Developments

SUMMARY Socratic questioning is at the core of collaborative clinical communication, with a wide array of applications in behavioural medicine and psychotherapy. This brief article describes the process of therapeutic Socratic questioning, illustrates its clinical applications in therapy and provides a brief update on its recent developments.

The Derivation without the Gap: Rethinking Groundwork I

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berys Gaut ◽  
Samuel Kerstein
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metaphysics Of Morals ◽  
Supreme Principle

At the core of Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals lies his ‘derivation’ of the categorical imperative: his attempt to establish that, if there is a supreme principle of morality, then it is this imperative. Kant's argument for this claim is one of the most puzzling in his corpus. The received view, championed by Aune and Allison, is that there is a fundamental gap in the argument, which Kant elides by means of a simple but deadly confusion, thus robbing the argument of all validity. We will here contest the received view, as well as Korsgaard's alternative interpretation of the argument. In place of these positions we will offer a reconstruction of the derivation which reveals its coherence and force. We will show that it illuminates some interesting grounds for rejecting certain candidates, including a utilitarian principle, for status as the supreme principle of morality. While certainly not free of all defects, the argument will be shown to be far more powerful and interesting than it has commonly been held to be.

Object Shift, Phases, and Transitive Expletive Constructions in Germanic*

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Richards
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Strong Form ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Object Shift ◽  
The Core ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Universal Interface ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

This paper reconsiders the analysis of Transitive Expletive Constructions (TECs) across Germanic in light of recent developments in the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995 et seq.). I argue that prevailing views of expletives as merged directly into the Spec-TP position are untenable under the Probe-Goal Agree system of Minimalist Inquiries, and propose that T is anomalous amongst the core functional categories (C, T, v) in lacking the Merge-Expl property. This anomaly, I propose, is reducible to another anomaly setting T apart from C and v, namely T’s status as a nonphase head. It follows from the resolution of a basic indeterminacy in the composition of phases that Expl must merge in Spec-vP, the Object Shift position. This, in turn, throws new light on the patterns of complementary distribution that characterize the interaction between Expl, external arguments, and raised internal arguments exhibited by TECs. A strong form of Bures’s Generalization emerges — TECs are directly tied to the availability of full-DP Object Shift in a manner that is arguably both empirically and conceptually superior to existing analyses. Universal, interface-imposed, phase-based constraints on Object Shift and Merge-Expl are thus sufficient to account for the observed patterns of crosslinguistic variation in TEC distribution.

scholarly journals Recent developments of inverse Compton scattering model of pulsar radio emission

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 405-408
Author(s):  
G. J. Qiao ◽  
R. X. Xu ◽  
J. F. Liu ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Han
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Pulsar Radio ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conical Emission ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Emission Beam ◽  
Pulsar Radio Emission

AbstractMany theoretical efforts were made to understand the core and conal emission identified from observations by Rankin (1983) and Lyne and Manchester (1988). One of them, named as inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model (Qiao & Lin 1998), has been proposed. It is found in the model that: there are central or ‘core’ emission beam, and one or two hollow conical emission beams; the different emission components are emitted at different heights; owing to different radiation components emitted from different height, the observed emission beams can be shifted from each other due to retardation and aberration effects; the sizes of emission components change with frequencies. Recent developments of the model include: simulations of pulse profiles at different frequencies; studying the basic polarization properties of inverse Compton scattering in strong magnetic fields; computing the polarizations and spectrum of core and cones. A new classification system was also proposed. The main results calculated from the model are consistent with the observations.

Governing beyond the Centre: A Critique of the Anglo-Governance School

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Marinetto
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Governance Theory ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Governance School

One of the more intriguing theoretical discussions of recent years involves the concept of governance. There is now a substantial body of work concerning the way governance has affected the contribution of central government to the policy process. Possibly the most prominent and influential account of governance theory in British political science is offered by Rod Rhodes. His most recent writings have employed governance theory to explore the institutions, actors and processes of change within the core executive. His ‘Anglo-governance’ model has emerged as a prevalent and authoritative account of how new methods of governing have emerged in society. Significantly, it is maintained that a distinct shift has taken place in government, from a hierarchical organisation to a fragmented and decentralised entity that is heavily reliant on a range of complex and independent policy networks. There is undoubted evidence that government is a fractured institution that is dependent on state and non-state actors beyond the centre. This paper questions whether such features entail the emergence of a new form of governance. Central government is still highly resourced and has, at its disposal, a range of powers with which to retain influence over public sector agencies. Historical evidence also shows that the British polity has long been decentralised. Thus, it is difficult to see how recent developments have in any way transformed the capacities of the core executive. It seems that alternative ways of conceptualising the institutions, actors and processes of change in government are required. Recent efforts to develop ‘organising perspectives’, within the intellectual parameters of governance theory, offer a more ‘conceptually cautious’ treatment of the central state.

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