scholarly journals Marzenie o szczęściu, czyli idea prawa natury w filozofi i Jana Jakuba Rousseau

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Marta Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
The Creation

In “Reveries of the Solitary Walker” Jean Jacques Rousseau described his idea of universal happiness as living a life in compliance with nature. However, as Rousseau noted, achieving that state of happiness was not at all easy, and fi rst the human nature needed to be understood. Looking at one’s life from the introspective point of view could be a useful tool, as well as looking a human person as the creation of God. According to Rousseau, the laws of nature derive from the human nature and should therefore govern the interpersonal relations among people. Consequently, since freedom and equality are the fundamental laws and each human being, people should always, by nature, treat each other as free and equal. This positive perception of a human being made Rousseau postulate that rather than follow authorities, individuals should have more confi dence and belief in themselves.

Renunciation and Ascetic Identity in the Liber ad Renatum of Asterius Ansedunensis

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Hajnalka Tamas
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sexual Renunciation

This chapter explores the rhetoric of strict renunciation advanced by Asterius Ansedunensis in his Liber ad Renatum monachum in the context of late antique ascetic identities. Asterius employed the ascetic exegesis/translation of certain Scriptural terms and passages to advocate the holistic renunciation of interpersonal relations as a prerequisite for ascetic life. Starting from Genesis 2:18, Asterius maintained, in a peculiar twist on the creation and fall narratives in Genesis 2–4, that God created Adam to be an ascetic. Conversely, the premises of sin were sown when the first woman privileged her relationship with Adam over the commandments of God. Asterius thus extended the traditional ascetic exegesis of Genesis 4:1 (sexual renunciation) to include all interpersonal relations, since sinfulness flows from human relational conduct. Two conclusions emerge from this exposé: asceticism is the natural state of the human being; and the only legitimate way to retrieve the Adamic state is heremitism.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Concept of Human Death

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Adam Świeżyński
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Human Death

The natural sciences reveal the existence of a constant process of cosmic evolution, in which new forms of matter emerge. The continuity of the nonorganic and biological evolutionary processes, their assignment to the laws of nature, as well as the fact that the appearance of a human being constitutes their culmination, all this shows that a human being is an element of the material structure of the world. From the evolutionary point of view, it could be argued that a human being is “the ultimate form of life,” a very interesting but, in many respects, still very mysterious idea.

scholarly journals Persona, esclavitud y libertad en Gregorio de Nisa

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Lucas F. MATEO-SECO
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Origin Of Man ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Made In

Gregory of Nisa was one of the most cultivated men of the fourth century. He reflects the advances that had been made concerning the concept of the person and his/her relatioship with nature. In Gregory’s view, the dignity of the human person is grounded on the fact that the person is the image and likeness of God. This is equivalent to stating that the human being has attributes which no one may deprive him/her of; prominent among these is freedom, which is the crowning glory of his/her personal being, as he/she was made in the image of God, who is a-déspotos, that is, has no master. Rejection of slavery, together with firm defense of parrhesia (freedom of speech), is one of the most suitable perspectives for evaluating Gregory’s concept of human nature and the dignity of the person. Gregory discusses this subject in several places. Here we shall confine our survey to the most important ones: Homily IV On Ecclesiastes, the treatise On the origin of man, and the Great catechetical discourse. According to Gregory, freedom was given to human beings so that they could participate in the divine good. Gregory supported his arguments on the thinking insipired by Plato in which virtue is essentially free and voluntary, and so freedom is an attribute of the dignity of the person that cannot be relinquished.

scholarly journals Feuerbach’s Concept of Religious Alienation and Its Influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Sujit Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Human Essence ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
The Creation

The present study is an attempt to revisit how Feuerbach discusses the concept of alienation from religious point of view. According to Feuerbach, Religion and God do not exist beyond the human reach; rather they are the creation of human being. True religion is the relation of man with himself or with his own true nature. God according to Feuerbach is the manifested inward nature of man. But when man cannot understand that the religion and God are nothing but the creation of human being, he becomes alienated from his actual nature. Worshiping external God is nothing but expression of human emotion. If God is regarded as something different from man, man becomes separated from his own true nature and ultimately he becomes alienated. In other words, if human essence is considered as truly belongs to God who exists beyond human reach, man becomes alienated from himself. Later on Marx regards this religious alienation as means of capitalists’ process of exploitation. In other words, with the help of religious alienation capitalists’ perpetuate their class exploitation. Thus, the present work will mainly focus on Feuerbach’s concept of religious alienation and how subsequently Marx has adopted and critically analyzed this concept of religious alienation in his philosophy.

scholarly journals Personalistic Ecclesiology of Czeslaw Stanislaw Bartnik

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Richard Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Personal Character ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

In this article by Richard Gorban «Personalistic Ecclesiology of Czeslaw Stanislaw Bartnik» the author considers the concept of Personalistic Ecclesiology of Czeslaw Stanislaw Bartnik, a modern Catholic philosopher and theologian, the follower of theological Personalism of Karol Wojtyla. The author found out that, according to Bartnik’s Ecclesiology, the Church consists primarily of prosopoistic constituents: the Personality of Christ, Christ, Holy Spirit, community of persons, the world of the personality and consequently becomes the Personality itself. In conformity with the Polish thinker’s interpretation, the Church is a community of personalities, founded in a real way, by means of individual relations-bonds (relatio) with the Personality of Christ as the one that performs His mission and perceives a special dimension of the subject’s existence in the process and prospects of salvation. The philosopher-personalist treats nature and peculiarities of the Church based on the idea that it is a product of religious commitment, the phenomenon of personal character. The structures of the Church and religious commitment are distinguished by prosopoistic relations (relatio), that is why the personality should be seen as not only the factor, which creates bonds with the Church, but is its fundamental structure. Based on human nature and common Christian community, the Church manifests itself as a religious-social Personality. From the point of view of realistic Universal Personalism of Stanislaw Bartnik, it takes form of a communal character, following the principles of other kinds of a community person. As long as, the Church becomes the community whole, it must realize and really fulfils its Personality, becomes truly its self, furthermore it serves and realizes not only its own existence as a personality, but the existence of a single human being in its aspirations to its own fullness.

The Human Being as Biological and Transcendent

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Andrew St. Stephanos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Starting Point

The human person is both biological and transcendent, and it is necessary to see this reality to respect and protect all human beings. The inviolable dignity of every human being from fertilization until death is key to building a bridge between disparate philosophies of human nature. In this article, Andrew St. Stephanos proposes a starting point for building an understanding between rival philosophical factions by first understanding the nature of Man.

scholarly journals LIBERATION AND EMPOWERMENT OR DEBAUCHERY AND EMBOLDENED, IN ANTHROPOECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3(37)) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Chacon Anchondo Leonel
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

From first writings, a suspiciousness of women is shown towards where the relationship between woman and man (Eve and Adam) is directed. A great historian said: «as soon as women begin to be equal, they will be superior», [Tito Livio, 59 BC. — 17 AD.]. And it is precisely there the error, woman and man, are not equal, each one has its qualities to complement each other, but unfortunately, they have been used to compete for a power that no one can maintain, but it destroys relationships and societies. These sometimes pendular behaviors are contextualized from point of view of Anthropoecology. Feminism is one more current of many there are; Although its purposes are fair and reasonable, it must take care that liberation do not turn into debauchery and empowerment into emboldening, and eliminating millions of femicides that are practiced annually by abortions. Perhaps due to paradigms of interest or because we have become mentally ill, human being has not taken on the task of identifying and defining the laws of nature that should govern their behavior. Animals instinctively only take what is necessary to live, they do not accumulate. Human being because of his greed, takes more than necessary and accumulates, without obeying natural laws. Human being due to his intellectual qualities, is the most destructive and libertine animal. Mistakenly, a competition has been created; influenced by some intellectuals and thinkers, where ideas of all kinds of competition originate, unfortunately in a not very positive way, which are disseminated by the media. Most people say «in this troubled world», excluding themselves from their responsibility for what happen. Way in which concepts are exposed is with intention of questioning, not attacking, to induce a reflection and a reaction on our wrong attitude, evidenced by undeniable problems that we have as a society and damage caused to environment. Only a positive formative education will correct damage that human beings have inflicted on themselves for millennia.

scholarly journals LIBERATION AND EMPOWERMENT OR DEBAUCHERY AND EMBOLDENED, IN ANTHROPOECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5(38)) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Chacon Anchondo Leonel
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

From first writings, a suspiciousness of women is shown towards where the relationship between woman and man (Eve and Adam) is directed. A great historian said: «as soon as women begin to be equal, they will be superior», [Tito Livio, 59 BC. — 17 AD.]. And it is precisely there the error, woman and man, are not equal, each one has its qualities to complement each other, but unfortunately, they have been used to compete for a power that no one can maintain, but it destroys relationships and societies. These sometimes pendular behaviors are contextualized from point of view of Anthropoecology. Feminism is one more current of many there are; Although its purposes are fair and reasonable, it must take care that liberation do not turn into debauchery and empowerment into emboldening, and eliminating millions of femicides that are practiced annually by abortions. Perhaps due to paradigms of interest or because we have become mentally ill, human being has not taken on the task of identifying and defining the laws of nature that should govern their behavior. Animals instinctively only take what is necessary to live, they do not accumulate. Human being because of his greed, takes more than necessary and accumulates, without obeying natural laws. Human being due to his intellectual qualities, is the most destructive and libertine animal. Mistakenly, a competition has been created; influenced by some intellectuals and thinkers, where ideas of all kinds of competition originate, unfortunately in a not very positive way, which are disseminated by the media. Most people say «in this troubled world», excluding themselves from their responsibility for what happen. Way in which concepts are exposed is with intention of questioning, not attacking, to induce a reflection and a reaction on our wrong attitude, evidenced by undeniable problems that we have as a society and damage caused to environment. Only a positive formative education will correct damage that human beings have inflicted on themselves for millennia.

scholarly journals Homo Economicus

MELINTAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-129
Author(s):  
B. Herry Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Classical Sense ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trading Activities

Human being is driven by many factors, but in trading activities, an individual is driven primarily by self-interest rather than other encouragement. This is the point which then develops into the core of the image of an economic being. However, the whole of human self is never driven only by self-interest. Through the history of the idea of homo economicus, what was originally a particular point of view about humans turned into a claim about the whole of human nature. The actions and behaviours of homo economicus were still driven by self-interest, but what was meant by self-interest was no longer in its classical sense. Its meaning has been much more extensive. This article shows the ambiguity of the idea of homo economicus: what was originally a certain point of view about human being, was applied to human nature and then became an agenda of how human beings and society should be. Humans must be homo economicus, but the latter is definitely not the whole picture of human nature. The image of an economic being is not the real description of the nature of human self, for it has its own territory. It is not the economic beings that gave birth to economics, but the economics that created economic beings.

scholarly journals RABGUZI AND MYTHICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN ANCIENT KAZAKH LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
A. Khamraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scientific Value

The article is devoted to the study of the philosophical views of the famous Turkic writer of the 13th early 14th centuries. Rabguzi. The unification of different religions and multilingual communities into a single state of Altyn Horde under the leadership of the descendants of Genghis Khan led to the establishment of monotheistic views. In accordance with social requirements, Rabguzi introduces different peoples to the main categories of the great monotheistic religion. Having studied all the previous stories on the Koranic motives, Rabguzi combined and developed well-known religious stories about the creation of the earth. Human nature is one of the most important problems of ancient religions. According to religions, Adam was always trying to find a natural meaning for his life. He hoped to understand how and why he was given life. In Rabguzi's work, the riddle of human nature is given a strict answer from the point of view of religion, and therefore its scientific value is high.

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