scholarly journals Gubernatorzy wojskowi w systemie polskiej administracji początków XIX w ieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Piotr Krzysztof Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Model Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Military Law ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In Polish literature on the subject, the military governor’s office is usually associated with the organisation of the administrative system that prevailed in the partitioning states (Poland’s Partitions 1791-1918). However, the governor’s office had already been known in Poland during the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815), when it was, like many other solutions of administrative and military law, imported directly from France. In the structure of Polish public organs, the office of governor was created for the first time during the Polish-Austrian war in 1809. Although no documents have survived from which we could learn of the competences of a Polish governor in those times, what is known is that the description of his authority followed closely the model set out by the French legislation. It was not before the Polish-Russian war in 1830-1831 that first attempts were made to independently set out the authority o f a governor of the Polish state, but even then, at least initially, the solutions set forth by the regime o f the Napoleonic decree were directly referred to and copied. In the second half of the 19th century, shortly before the collapse of the November Uprising, a draft describing the office and competences of a Polish governor was finally ready to be put forward for parliamentary discussion, but it was already too late for the Sejm to deal with it.

About one rare directive formula in the text “Ustav voinskii” of 1716

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Tatyana S. Sadova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Golovchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article examines the features of the functioning of the structure of duty “povinen + infinitive” on examples of its use in the “Military Regulations” of 1716. In the function of expressing obligation and directiveness, the construction "povinen + infinitive”, according to a number of studies, was borrowed from the Polish language, through the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, at the beginning of the 18th century. Despite the rare use due to high competition with the primordially Russian formulas of the same semantic field, it is consistently used in the texts of the directive orientation of the 18th century, performing certain pragmatic tasks, one of which is the expression of the personal responsibility of the subject of “povinnost” in the military hierarchy having a lower status a modal action object. It is assumed that the extremely rare use of the formula “povinen + infinitive” can be explained by the significant influence of the original semantics of the ‘personal responsibility’ lexeme “povinen”, which depends on the deep content of the wordroot -vin- in Russian, which does not quite coincide with the strictly deontic meaning of ‘obliged, compelled’ contained in the borrowed formula. As a result, by the beginning of the 19th century in business texts the formula “povinen + infinitive” was displaced from use by other modal structures of this functional-semantic field.

Konstantin Somov’s Early Works and Impressionism: A New View on the Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Anna E. Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Work History ◽  
Black And White ◽  
French Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The article reveals literary (Emile Zola’s novel “L’Œuvre”, Richard Muther’s work “History of Painting in the 19th Century”), literary and artistic (magazines “Mercure de France”, “L’Ermitage”, “La Revue Blanche”, “La Plume”) and artistic (exhibits of the French art exhibition of 1896) sources of Konstantin Somov’s acquaintance with the art of French impressionism at the beginning of his independent activity (before leaving for Paris in the late 1890s). There are also identified sources of phenomena in his work that are similar to impressionism only externally. These issues become the subject of special consideration for the first time. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it first reveals that the artist did not address to impressionism in the period before his departure to France, as it has been long believed. To study the tasks set, the article involves sources of personal origin (letters and diaries of K.A. Somov and his friend A.N. Benois), as well as A.N. Benois’s articles of the 1890s, published on the pages of the magazine “World of Art”. The author comes to the conclusion that K.A. Somov did not turn to the artistic method of the impressionists in his work at that time, since the information he had been able to get from the identified sources was of a verbal and theoretical nature. Black-and-white reproductions of impressionist paintings in literary and art magazines and in Muther’s “History of Painting in the 19th Century” had not provided sufficient information for the artist. The phenomena similar to impressionism in Somov’s works are based on the study of nature, the heritage of the old European artists, the art of the Barbizonians, J.-F. Millet, W. Turner.

scholarly journals The emergence, development and demilitarization of the military border of the Austrian Monarchy

2008 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Masa Kulauzov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Infections Diseases

Military border of the Austrian Monarchy was formed gradually in border areas for the purpose of defending the border from Turkish invasions. In time, as the international political circumstances have changed, the Border itself also modified its primary function. From the beginning of the 18th century soldiers of the Military Border together with the regular troops of Austrian army participate in all wars in which Austria took part. Thanks to those soldiers the military force of the Austrian Empire was significantly strengthened. Except for military tasks, the Military Border served to a great extent as a defensive corridor that stopped spreading infections diseases, invasions of robberies, smuggling goods from Turkey, as well as deserting and emigration to Turkish territory. Because of great importance that Military Border has had for the Austrian Monarchy, the author in this paper gives a summary review of its development in the military, territorial and administrative-political sense. Special attention was given to the administrative system that was introduced in Border in the second half of the 19th century.

“The Best Collected Library of other Guards Regiment” (About the Library of Officer Assembly of the Finnish Regiment Life Guards)

2010 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Anatoliy M. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Journal Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The editorial staff of the journal “Library Science” has already addressed to the subject of officer libraries in the army of the first half of the 19th century [21]. The article is concerned with the history of creation and development of the library of officer assembly of the Finnish regiment Life-Guards. The work continues journal publications [11-14, 19, 20, 22] on the history of the military libraries of Russian army.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Bonobos

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

This is a comprehensive, illustrated catalogue of the 200+ marine chronometers in the collections of Royal Museums Greenwich. Every chronometer has been completely dismantled, studied and recorded, and illustrations include especially commissioned line drawings as well as photographs. The collection is also used to illustrate a newly researched and up-to-date chapter describing the history of the marine chronometer, so the book is much more than simply a catalogue. The history chapter naturally includes the story of John Harrison’s pioneering work in creating the first practical marine timekeepers, all four of which are included in the catalogue, newly photographed and described in minute detail for the first time. In fact full technical and historical data are provided for all of the marine chronometers in the collection, to an extent never before attempted, including biographical details of every maker represented. A chapter describes how the 19th century English chronometer was manufactured, and another provides comprehensive and logically arranged information on how to assess and date a given marine chronometer, something collectors and dealers find particularly difficult. For further help in identification of chronometers, appendices include a pictorial record of the number punches used by specific makers to number their movements, and the maker’s punches used by the rough movement makers. There is also a close-up pictorial guide to the various compensation balances used in chronometers in the collection, a technical Glossary of terms used in the catalogue text and a concordance of the various inventory numbers used in the collection over the years.

scholarly journals Catalogue of the primatological collection of the Torino University

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Calvini ◽  
Maria Stella Siori ◽  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Marco Pavia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The revised catalogue of primatological material stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino and in the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi of the Università degli Studi di Torino and belonging to the historical material of the Torino University is introduced. The material, 494 specimens belonging to 399 individuals of 122 taxa, is of particular importance since specimens were mainly obtained during the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. A relevant part of the collection was created by the collaborators of the Museum, among which it is worth to mention F. De Filippi, A. Borelli and E. Festa, while other material came from purchases and donations from private people or the Royal Zoological Garden of Torino. Great part of the specimens is stuffed but also the osteological materials are of particular importance, as many of them derived from the specimens before being prepared and consisting of skulls or more or less complete skeletons. After this revision, the Lectotype and Paralectotypes of <em>Alouatta</em> <em>palliata</em> <em>aequatorialis</em> have been selected, and the type-specimen of the <em>brunnea</em> variety of <em>Cebus</em> <em>albifrons</em> <em>cuscinus</em> has been recognized. In addition, some specimens of particular historical-scientific importance have also been identified and here presented for the first time.

THE BEGINNING (OR END) OF MOROCCAN HISTORY: HISTORIOGRAPHY, TRANSLATION, AND MODERNITY IN AHMAD B. KHALID AL-NASIRI AND CLEMENTE CERDEIRA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Calderwood
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis article analyzes two accounts of the Hispano-Moroccan War of 1859–60 in light of scholarly debates about historiography, translation, and modernity in the colonial context. The first text is Ahmad b. Khalid al-Nasiri'sKitab al-Istiqsa(1895), which explores the organization of the Spanish army in an effort to understand the military technology and state apparatus behind colonial domination. The second text, Clemente Cerdeira'sVersión árabe de la Guerra de África(1917), is framed as an annotated Spanish translation of al-Nasiri's text, but Cerdeira suppresses key passages from al-Nasiri's account in order to undermine any hint that the Moroccan historian's thinking is reformist or modern. By comparing these two accounts of the same war, the article aims to situate al-Nasiri's text within the reform movements that spread through the Muslim Mediterranean in the 19th century and to use al-Nasiri's historical thinking as a model for theorizing Moroccan modernity.

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

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