scholarly journals Development of student and academic staff perceptions of the elements of an online learning environment over time

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer ◽  
Dale Holt
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
System Use ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Positive Engagement ◽  
Over Time

<p>Academic staff play a fundamental role in the use of online learning environments (OLEs) by students, yet studies investigating the perspectives of staff are limited, and the least common investigations are those comparing the relative perceptions of students and staff.  Many OLE evaluations present a point-in-time snapshot of the system, but extended evaluation of OLE usage is required to reveal the detail in the evolution of system use.  The data from a large, repeated cross-sectional and quantitative survey of university students and staff were analysed.  Drawing on 4680 survey responses over the period 2004–2011, it was found that:</p> <ul><li>both student and staff mean ratings of importance and satisfaction suggest an increasingly positive engagement with the OLE over time;</li><li>virtually all mean ratings of satisfaction, and many of the mean ratings of importance, for students were higher than for staff, supporting the view in the literature that students have a more positive attitude than staff toward OLE use; and</li><li>the general trend was a reduction in the magnitude of the differences between students and staff between 2004 and 2011.</li></ul> <p>More fine-grained analyses of the differences observed for individual elements of the OLE are also reported.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Trajectories of engagement: a repeated cross-sectional investigation of student perceptions of an online learning environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer ◽  
Dale Holt
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Learning Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Use ◽  
Over Time

Evaluations of online learning environments (OLEs) often present a snapshot of system use. It has been identified in the literature that extended evaluation is required to reveal statistically significant developments in the evolution of system use over time. The research presented here draws on student OLE evaluations surveys run over the period 20042011 and include nearly 6800 responses exploring students’ perceptions of importance of, and satisfaction with elements of their OLE. Across the survey period, satisfaction ratings with all OLE elements rose significantly, suggesting a positive student engagement with the OLE over time. The corresponding ratings of importance of OLE elements generally rose significantly, though a number of elements registered no significant difference in the first two years of the survey, suggesting that short period surveys may struggle to reveal statistically significant trends. OLE element use appeared to be closely linked to perceived value. The OLE elements with the highest mean importance and satisfaction ratings related to student access of online learning resources. Other detailed results are also reported. We demonstrate a method for, and one large-scale case study of, quantifying and visualising the trajectories of engagement that students have had with an institutional OLE over time.Keywords: online learning environment; learning management system; repeated cross-sectional evaluation; student survey(Published: 24 September 2012)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2012, 20: 17143 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.17143

Self-Evaluation, Differential Item Functioning, and Longitudinal Anchoring Vignettes

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
Omar Paccagnella
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anchoring Vignettes ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Random Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Over Time

Anchoring vignettes are a powerful instrument to detect systematic differences in the use of self-reported ordinal survey responses. Not taking into account the (non-random) heterogeneity in reporting styles across different respondents may systematically bias the measurement of the variables of interest. The presence of such individual heterogeneity leads respondents to interpret, understand, or use the response categories for the same question differently. This phenomenon is defined as differential item functioning (DIF) in the psychometric literature. A growing amount of cross-sectional studies apply the anchoring vignette approach to tackle this issue but its use is still limited in the longitudinal context. This chapter introduces longitudinal anchoring vignettes for DIF correction, as well as the statistical approaches available when working with such data and how to investigate stability over time of individual response scales.

scholarly journals Inequality in accessing learning during pandemic crises in developing countries: Reflections from COVID-19-induced online learning at a Kenyan pharmacy school

2021 ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
Kihugi Veronica Njambi ◽  
Godfrey Wabwile Mayoka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Learning Platforms

Background: Virtual learning platforms gained unprecedented prominence after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Assuring the quality of education and student satisfaction are critical, especially in developing countries often plagued with infrastructural limitations, including information technology. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of students at a Kenyan Pharmacy School of online learning with regards to affordability and overall effectiveness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey containing pre-determined questions aligned to achieve the research objectives. Results: Students in senior classes (Fifth year) viewed online learning more favourably and had fewer challenges with accessibility than students in the lower classes (First year to third year). Conclusion: The study identified areas of strength, such as convenience, time-efficiency, and self-initiative, as well as weaknesses, including inequitable access, internet connectivity challenges, and unsatisfactory lecturer digital competency, with relation to online learning.

scholarly journals Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Mahasiswa FIK UNW Mataram)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nurul Auliya Kamila ◽  
Ziadatul Munawarah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Face To Face Learning

Abstrack The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning system in Indonesia from face-to-face in a room to online learning through electronic devices. Teachers/lecturers, students and students are forced to study from home because face-to-face learning is abolished to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. The online learning model is still very rarely carried out by several universities considering that campus readiness in carrying out online lectures takes time, as well as student readiness to take online lectures requires time and process, therefore it is necessary to map students' perceptions of the implementation of online learning for students. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of students of the Faculty of Health Sciences UNW Mataram (FIK UNW Mataram) towards online learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic. This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was all students of FIK UNW Mataram which consisted of 3 study programs, namely D3 Pharmacy, D3 Midwifery, and D3 Nursing, totaling 247 people. This research was conducted in the Odd semester 2020/2021. The instrument used is a closed questionnaire about students' perceptions of online learning with answers that are degraded according to the Likert scale and have been validated by experts. The analysis technique used is descriptive. The results showed that descriptive analysis of the perception data of FIK UNW Mataram students towards online learning resulted in an average of 2.06 or a fairly good category. Therefore, it can be concluded that online learning at FIK UNW Mataram in the 2020/2021 Odd Semester was less effective.Keywords: Perseption; online learning; covid-19 AbstrakMasa Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah system pembelajaran di Indonesia dari yang tatap muka dalam ruangan menjadi pembelajaran online melalui perangkat elektronik. Guru/dosen, siswa dan mahasiswa terpaksa belajar dari rumah karena pembelajaran tatap muka ditiadakan untuk mencegah penularan covid-19. Model pembelajaran Daring masih sangat jarang dilakukan oleh beberapa perguruan tinggi mengingat kesiapan kampus dalam melaksanakan perkuliahan daring ini membutuhkan waktu, begitu juga kesiapan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti perkuliahan daring ini membutuhkan waktu dan proses, oleh sebab itu diperlukan adanya pemetaan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada mahasiswa FIK UNW Mataram. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan terhadap pembelajaran daring pada masa Pandemi Covid 19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa FIK UNW Mataram yang terdiri dari 3 program studi yaitu D3 Farmasi, D3 Kebidanan, dan D3 Keperawatan yang berjumlah 247 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester Ganjil 2020/2021. Instrument yang digunakan adalah angket tertutup tentang persepsi mahasiswa tentang pembelajaran daring dengan jawaban berdegradasi sesuai skala likert dan telah divalidasi ahli. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis deskriptif data persepsi mahasiswa FIK UNW Mataram terhadap pembelajaran daring menghasilkan rata-rata sebesar 2.06 atau kategori cukup baik. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran daring di FIK UNW Mataram pada Semester Ganjil 2020/2021 berlangsung kurang efektif. Kata kunci: Persepsi; pembelajaran daring; covid-19

In or Out?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alternative State ◽  
Empirical Measurement ◽  
The Status ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter introduces a benchmark theory of public opinion towards European integration. Rather than relying on generic labels like support or scepticism, the chapter suggests that public opinion towards the EU is both multidimensional and multilevel in nature. People’s attitudes towards Europe are essentially based on a comparison between the benefits of the status quo of membership and those associated with an alternative state, namely one’s country being outside the EU. This comparison is coined the ‘EU differential’. When comparing these benefits, people rely on both their evaluations of the outcomes (policy evaluations) and the system that produces them (regime evaluations). This chapter presents a fine-grained conceptualization of what it means to be an EU supporter or Eurosceptic; it also designs a careful empirical measurement strategy to capture variation, both cross-nationally and over time. The chapter cross-validates these measures against a variety of existing and newly developed data sources.

scholarly journals Changing landscape of nutrition and dietetics research? A bibliographic analysis of top-tier published research in 1998 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sze Lin Yoong ◽  
Jacklyn Jackson ◽  
Courtney Barnes ◽  
Nicole Pearson ◽  
Taren Swindle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: The current study sought to describe and compare study type, research design and translation phase of published research in nutrition and dietetic journals in 1998 and 2018. Design: This was a repeat cross-sectional bibliographic analysis of Nutrition and Dietetics research. All eligible studies in the top eight Nutrition and Dietetics indexed journals in 1998 and 2018 were included. Two independent reviewers coded each study for research design (study type and study design) and translation phase (T0-T4) of the research using seminal texts in the field. Setting: Not relevant. Participants: Not relevant. Results: The number of publications (1998, n 1030; 2018, n 1016) has not changed over time, but the research type, design and translation phases have. The proportion of intervention studies in 1998 (43·8 %) was significantly higher than 2018 (19·4 %). In 2018, more reviews (46·9 % v. 15·6 % in 1998) and less randomised trials (14·3 % v. 37·8 % in 1998) were published. In regard to translation phase, there was a higher proportion of T2–T4 research in 2018 (18·3 % v. 3·8 % in 1998); however, the proportion of T3/T4 (dissemination, implementation and population-level research) research was still low (<3 %). Our sensitivity analysis with the four journals that remained in the top eight journal across the two time periods found no differences in the research type, design and translation phases across time. Conclusions: There was a reduction in intervention and T0 publications, alongside higher publication of clinical study designs over time; however, published T3/T4 research in Nutrition and Dietetics is low. A greater focus on publishing interventions and dissemination and implementation may be needed.

Are neighborhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality?: Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Kari A. B. Moore ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Mahasin S. Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Restaurant Meals ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4.8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. Setting: Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Participants: Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). Results: Median HEI (out of 100) was 59 at baseline and 62 at follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis found residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest ranked quartile) was associated with 52% higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, odds ratio [OR]:1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.98) and 3% higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile<54, OR:1.03,CI:1.01-1.06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional analysis found 34% higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR:1.34,CI:1.12-1.61); and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥1 times/week) was associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR:1.21,CI:1.00-1.46). Conclusions: Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.

scholarly journals Engineering students’ attitudinal beliefs by gender and student division: a methodological comparison of changes over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison E. Andrews ◽  
Anita D. Patrick ◽  
Maura Borrego
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Students’ attitudinal beliefs related to how they see themselves in STEM have been a focal point of recent research, given their well-documented links to retention and persistence. These beliefs are most often assessed cross-sectionally, and as such, we lack a thorough understanding of how they may fluctuate over time. Using matched survey responses from undergraduate engineering students (n = 278), we evaluate if, and to what extent, students’ engineering attitudinal beliefs (attainment value, utility value, self-efficacy, interest, and identity) change over a 1-year period. Further, we examine whether there are differences based on gender and student division, and then compare results between cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to illustrate weaknesses in our current understanding of these constructs. Results Our study revealed inconsistencies between cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the same dataset. Cross-sectional analyses indicated a significant difference by student division for engineering utility value and engineering interest, but no significant differences by gender for any variable. However, longitudinal analyses revealed statistically significant decreases in engineering utility value, engineering self-efficacy, and engineering interest for lower division students and significant decreases in engineering attainment value for upper division students over a one-year period. Further, longitudinal analyses revealed a gender gap in engineering self-efficacy for upper division students, where men reported higher means than women. Conclusions Our analyses make several contributions. First, we explore attitudinal differences by student division not previously documented. Second, by comparing across methodologies, we illustrate that different conclusions can be drawn from the same data. Since the literature around these variables is largely cross-sectional, our understanding of students’ engineering attitudes is limited. Our longitudinal analyses show variation in engineering attitudinal beliefs that are obscured when data is only examined cross-sectionally. These analyses revealed an overall downward trend within students for all beliefs that changed significantly—losses which may foreshadow attrition out of engineering. These findings provide an opportunity to introduce targeted interventions to build engineering utility value, engineering self-efficacy, and engineering interest for student groups whose means were lower than average.

scholarly journals Time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Okinawa, Japan, 2008–2016: a repeated cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Takakura ◽  
Masaya Miyagi ◽  
Akira Kyan
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
School Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Smoking among Japanese adolescents has decreased noticeably. However, little is known whether the decreasing trend in adolescent smoking can be seen across all socioeconomic status (SES) groups. This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among Japanese adolescents between 2008 and 2016. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using data from three surveys of high school students in Okinawa, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants consisted of 7902 students in grades 10 through 12 (15–18 years). Smoking was assessed as current cigarette use. SES indicators included familial SES (parental education and family structure) and student’s own SES (school type). To evaluate absolute and relative inequalities, prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) between low and high SES groups were estimated. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were also calculated. Results Smoking prevalence among boys and girls significantly declined from 11.5% and 6.2% in 2008 to 4.7% and 1.9% in 2016, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in smoking were found among most of the SES groups. The PDs and SII for parental education in boys and family structure in girls decreased over time while those for school type persisted among boys and girls. The PRs and RII for school type in boys increased while those for other SES indicators among both sexes remained stable over time. Conclusions Smoking among Japanese adolescents has been declining and time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking varied by absolute and relative measures. Further policies and/or interventions to reduce smoking inequalities should focus on the context of schools, especially in vocational high schools.

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