Socio-economic Comparison of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea: Implications for Doing Business

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Ayhan OZER ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
Fatima Diadhiou ◽  
Likun Fu ◽  
Niels Vanthillo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
High Income ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Exclusive Group ◽  
Economic Comparison

Both South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore are part of an exclusive group called ‘The Asian Tigers’. They are high-income economies that offer some of the world’s best living conditions and most competitive business environments. In the following paper, the history, socio-economic environment and industry of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea will be compared and relevant differences highlighted. Through our research, we hope to provide a comprehensive summary for everyone with an interest in conducting business in Asia.

scholarly journals Four Asian Tigers' Political and Economic Development Revisited 1998-2017: From the Perspective of National Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol .4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Dong-Ching Day
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Identity ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Identity Issue ◽  
Better Than

Developmental state used to be and is still regarded as a very practical theory to explain why Four Asian Tigers-Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore enjoyed almost averagely double-digit economic growth rate each year from 1970 to 1990 as well as East Asian economic development. However, developmental state theory couldn’t tell why South Korea and Singapore’s economic development had done much better than Taiwan and Hong Kong’s in terms of GDP per capita after 2003 and 2004 respectively. The aim of the study is trying to use national identity perspective to explain why it happens like this, since Four Asian Tigers’ economic development more or less was troubled by national identity issue. The major difference between these two groups is that South Korea and Singapore have done better in dealing with national identity issue than Taiwan and Hong Kong.

scholarly journals The Neo-Mercantilist Model of Development for Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
New Order ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>Seventy-two years after gaining independence from the Netherlands, the Indonesian economy remains that of a developing country. Under the New Order, the country attained significant economic growth but failed to sustain it. Its neighboring countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea have reached sensational economic growth and in a much shorter time were upgraded into developed country status. This article explains the economic model used in their economies that accelerated their economic standing. It finds that Neo-Merchantilist practice has successfully propelled economic growth in certain countries. Asian Tigers also demonstrate economic success with the same model. Learning from success and experience, this article recommends Indonesia to adopt a Neo-Merchantilist economic model for development in order to become a developed country.</p><p><span class="EOP SCXW21480274" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:630,&quot;335559737&quot;:476,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}">BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Sudah 72 tahun Indonesia merdeka dari Belanda namun perekonomian Indonesia masih digolongkan sebagai negara berkembang. Indonesia mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi luar biasa di bawah Orde Baru, sayangnya pertumbuhan itu tidak berlangsung lama. Sebaliknya, tetangga Indonesia seperti Singapura, Hong Kong, Korea Selatan dan Taiwan telah mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang sensasional dan telah berpindah dari negara berkembang ke negara maju dalam waktu singkat. Bagaimana mereka melakukan ini? Model ekonomi manakah yang mereka terapkan pada ekonomi mereka? Apakah ada faktor pemicu lain diluar fokus ekonomi Investasi Asing Langsung (Foreign Direct Investmen/FDI) dan berorientasi kepada ekspor dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi? Artikel ini menemukan bahwa praktek ekonomi Neo-Mercantilist berhasil mendorong pembangunan pesat perekonomian Tiongkok. Macan-macan Asia juga menunjukkan perkembangan mengejar ekonomi maju seperti Dunia Barat dan Jepang dengan model yang sama. Haruskah Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang menggunakan model pembangunan ekonomi yang sama? Dengan melihat pengalaman dan keberhasilan ekonomi negara-negara tersebut, artikel ini merekomendasikan agar Indonesia juga menggunakan model pembangunan ekonomi Neo-Mercantilist untuk menjadi negara maju.</span></p>

scholarly journals Географическая направленность экспорта: взгляд за пределы гравитационной модели (на примере четырёх «азиатских тигров»)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
И. А. Новиков ◽  
Н. Д. Лихарева
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Psychic Distance ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Export Flows

увеличением темпов глобализации, развитием транспортных и информационных технологий, вовлечением в международную торговлю большого количества компаний разного размера всё более широкий спектр факторов оказывает влияние на объём и географическую направленность торговли. В этой статье проверяется гипотеза, что при выходе на зарубежные рынки важную роль, наряду с географической дистанцией и ВВП стран-партнёров (классическая гравитационная модель) должна играть так называемая «психологическая дистанция». Сингапур, Гонконг, Республика Корея и Тайвань – экономики Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, которые показывали впечатляющие результаты развития с конца XX в. Одна из причин быстрого роста – ориентированность экономик на экспорт. В структуре внешней торговли «азиатских тигров» первичные товары составляют не более 2%. В то же время, экспорт именно производственных товаров, для которых характерно непостоянство качества, неоднородность и наличие специфических характеристик, должен быть подвержен сильному влиянию психологической дистанции. Успех таких товаров на иностранном рынке во многом зависит от индивидуальных ка-честв товара и маркетинговой стратегии продавца. В данной статье представлены результаты исследования влияния ряда факторов, помимо лежащих в основе грави-тационной модели, на экспортные потоки четырёх «азиатских тигров» – Сингапура, Гонконга, Южной Кореи и Тайваня в 88 стран. С помощью регрессионного анализа была протестирована связь между независимыми переменными (культурная дис-танция, прочие определяющие факторы психологической дистанции, разница во времени и наличие соглашений о свободной торговле) и объёмом экспорта в каж-дую из 88 торговых стран-партнёров. В качестве контрольных переменных высту-пили показатели гравитационной модели (физическое расстояние и ВВП). По ре-зультатам исследования авторы пришли к выводу, что полная картина зависимости экспортных потоков, в частности от психологической дистанции, неоднозначна. Возможно, существующие модели измерения психологической дистанции на уров-не страны требуют изменений, пересмотра включаемых факторов. Ключевые слова: международная торговля, экспорт, гравитационная модель, культурная дистанция, психологическая дистанция, определяющие факторы психо-логической дистанции, «азиатские тигры», Гонконг, Сингапур, Тайвань, Республи-ка Корея, регрессионный анализ. As the pace of globalization accelerates, the transport and information technologies develop even more rapidly, and a large number of companies of different sizes get involved in international trade, wider range of factors affect the volume and geographic focus of trade. This article tests the hypothesis that while entering foreign markets, along with the geographical distance and GDP of partner countries (the classical gravity model), the "psychic distance", also, plays an important role. Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan are the economies of the Asia-Pacific region that have achieved impressive development goals since the end of the 20th century. Rapid growth was partially triggered by the export orientation of these economies. In the foreign trade structure of the "Four Asian Tigers", primary goods make up no more than 2%. At the same time, the exports of manufactured goods – which exhibit inconsistency in quality, heterogeneity, and various specific features – should be strongly influenced by the psychic distance. The success of such products sales in the foreign market largely depends on the individual qualities of the product and the seller's marketing strategy. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of a number of factors, in addition to those underlying the gravity model, on the export flows of the "Four Asian Tigers" (Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan) to 88 countries. The relationship between the ex-planatory variables (cultural distance, other determinants of psychic distance, time differ-ence and the existence of free trade agreements) and the volume of exports to each of the 88 trading partners was tested by using regression analysis. The gravity model indicators (physical distance and GDP) were used as control variables. Based on the results of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the complete picture of the dependence of export flows, in particular, on psychic distance, is ambiguous. Perhaps the existing models for measuring psychic distance at the country level require changes, a revision of the factors included. Keywords. International trade, export, gravity model, cultural distance, psychic dis-tance, psychic distance stimuli, Four Asian Tigers, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Re-public of Korea, regression analysis.

The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 1

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Asian Cinema

PRODUCTION ACTIVITY It was not so many years ago it seems when speaking of motion pictures from Asia meant Japanese films as represented by Akira Kurosawa and films from India made by Satyajit Ray. But suddenly time passes and now we are impressed and immersed in the flow of films from Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, South Korea, the Philippines, with Japan a less significant player, and India and Pakistan more prolific than ever in making entertainment for the mass audience. No one has given it a name or described it as "New Wave," it is simply Asian Cinema -- the most exciting development in filmmaking taking place in the world today. In China everything is falling apart yet it manages to hold together, nothing works yet it keeps on going, nothing is ever finished or properly maintained, and yes, here time does wait for every man. But as far...

Global Competitiveness, Privatization, Dignified Spaces, and Curricular Reform in Indian Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanti Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Curricular Reform ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Ranking System ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Indian Higher Education

Every ranking system rates Indian universities poorly against their Asian counterparts in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, and in some cases, even universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The question then is why, given that in 1947 it could fairly be said that at least a dozen Indian universities were leaders in Asia and were of international repute, Indian universities are in an egregious condition. This chapter essays some answers. It also argues for curricular reform, in particular for the introduction of public policy studies at the major Indian universities.

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