scholarly journals Combination of yeast antagonists and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl reduced the severity of Fusarium head blight of wheat incited by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinegugu Precious Nothando Shude ◽  
Nokwazi Carol Mbili ◽  
Kwasi Sackey Yobo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

The combination of yeast antagonists and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) was tested against Fusarium graminearum on a spring wheat cultivar PAN3471. Two strains of Papiliotrema flavescens (Strains WL3 and WL6) and a strain of Pseudozyma sp. (MGO1) were combined with full strength ASM at anthesis, half strength ASM at anthesis and quarter strength ASM at late boot stages. The yeast and ASM treatments were applied prior to F. graminearum inoculation and disease progress was assessed over time. The combination of yeast and ASM treatments effectively reduced Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration compared to when the treatments were used alone. A positive correlation was observed between the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Percentage Seed Infection (PSI) (r = 0.44) whereas a negative correlation was observed between AUDPC and Hundred Seed Weight (HSW) (r = -0.77) and PSI and HSW (r = -0.44). The best combination treatment providing the highest reduction in final disease severity (41.83%), high HSW and moderate PSI was 0.075 g/l ASM at anthesis plus P. flavescens strain WL3. The highest DON reduction (19.35%) was by the treatment 0.075 g/l ASM at anthesis plus P. flavescens strain WL6. The best treatment was P. flavescens combined with 0.075 g/l ASM at anthesis. Although Pseudozyma sp. strain MGO1 did not provide the best FHB and DON reduction, its combination with ASM application improved disease control efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first report of the combination of P. flavescens and ASM in the management of FHB caused by F. graminearum in wheat plants.

Chemotype and aggressiveness evaluation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum isolates from wheat fields in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mueller ◽  
Carol Groves ◽  
Damon L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fusarium graminearum commonly causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, rice, and oats. Fusarium graminearum produces nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) and forms derivatives of DON based on its acetylation sites. The fungus is profiled into chemotypes based on DON derivative chemotypes (3 acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype; 15 acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype) and/or the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. The current study assessed the Fusarium population found on wheat and the chemotype profile of the isolates collected from 2016 and 2017 in Wisconsin. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from all locations sampled in both 2016 and 2017. Fusarium culmorum was isolated only from Door County in 2016. Over both growing seasons, 91% of isolates were identified as the 15ADON chemotype while 9% of isolates were identified as the 3ADON chemotype. Aggressiveness was quantified by area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). The isolates with the highest AUDPC values were from the highest wheat producing cropping districts in the state. Deoxynivalenol production in grain and sporulation and growth rate in vitro were compared to aggressiveness in the greenhouse. Our results showed that 3ADON isolates in Wisconsin were among the highest in sporulation capacity, growth rate, and DON production in grain. However, there were no significant differences in aggressiveness between the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates. The results of this research detail the baseline frequency and distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes observed in Wisconsin. Chemotype distributions within populations of F. graminearum in Wisconsin should continue to be monitored in the future.

Fusarium Head Blight in Hard Red Spring Wheat: Cultivar Responses to Natural Epidemics

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Wiersma ◽  
Eugene L. Peters ◽  
Mark A. Hanson ◽  
Robert J. Bouvette ◽  
Robert H. Busch
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

scholarly journals Within-Field Variation of Fusarium graminearum Isolates for Aggressiveness and Deoxynivalenol Production in Wheat Head Blight

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Talas ◽  
Rasha Kalih ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), causes tremendous annual yield losses in wheat worldwide. Variation of aggressiveness of isolates from individual field populations in terms of FHB infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the host are important population parameters reflecting parasitic ability. Our main objective was to estimate the variation of both traits within three populations of F. graminearum s.s., each consisting of 30 single-spore isolates collected from small wheat fields in Germany, and to compare it with 11 isolates of a collection (F. graminearum collection) from four countries. The same isolates were characterized using 19 single-sequence repeat markers. All isolates were spray inoculated on a moderately resistant spring wheat cultivar at two field locations over 2 years (i.e., in four environments). The genotypic proportion of phenotypic variance (σ2G) within populations was significant (P < 0.01) for both traits, and the σ2G × environment interaction was even more important for mean FHB severity. Ranges in mean FHB severity and DON concentration in the host were only slightly smaller for the field populations than for the F. graminearum collection. Both traits were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated within and across populations. A further partitioning of σ2G revealed 72% of σ2G within and 28% of σ2G across populations for both traits. Molecular variance of the three populations was similarly distributed (73.6% within versus 26.4% between populations). In view of this high within-field variation for traits of parasitic ability and selection, neutral molecular markers, multiple resistance genes of different origin should be employed in wheat breeding programs to obtain a long-term stable FHB resistance.

Molecular mapping of resistance to Fusarium head blight in the spring wheat cultivar Frontana

2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Steiner ◽  
M. Lemmens ◽  
M. Griesser ◽  
U. Scholz ◽  
J. Schondelmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Aggressiveness and Deoxynivalenol Production of Nebraska Isolates of Fusarium boothii and F. graminearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Esteban Valverde-Bogantes ◽  
Carlos Bolanos-Carriel ◽  
Heather E. Hallen-Adams ◽  
Niki McMaster ◽  
David G. Schmale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
First Time

Significant losses in wheat result from Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The predominant FHB pathogen in North America is Fusarium graminearum. F. boothii was recently confirmed for the first time in the United States as a causal agent of FHB in Nebraska wheat fields. This greenhouse study compared the aggressiveness and DON production in wheat among 13 F. graminearum and three F. boothii isolates from Nebraska. Spikes of the susceptible spring wheat cultivar Wheaton at anthesis were spray-inoculated with spores of the isolates. Severity data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). DON concentration in the grain was quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. F. graminearum isolates were more aggressive and produced more DON than F. boothii isolates. Mean AUDPC values were 1,171 and 885 percent days for F. graminearum and F. boothii, respectively. Mean DON values were 41.0 and 13.6 µg/g for F. graminearum and F. boothii, respectively. Although only three available F. boothii isolates were used, the results are in agreement with previous studies that found F. graminearum be more aggressive and toxigenic in wheat than F. boothii.

scholarly journals Short communication: Presence of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto associated with triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) in Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e10SC02
Author(s):  
María I. Dinolfo ◽  
Mauro Martínez ◽  
Eliana Castañares ◽  
Sebastián A. Stenglein
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
First Time

Aim of study: To report the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) on triticale grains from field samples in Argentina and the potential mycotoxin production for these isolates.Area of study: Buenos Aires province, ArgentinaMaterial and methods: A total of 40 samples from different crops (barley, rye, triticale, and wheat) showing Fusarium head blight symptoms were taken during 2017/2018 harvest season. Colonies with colour and mycelium similar to Fusarium were taken and were morphologically and molecularly identified. The potential to produce deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and zearalenones was determined. Also, the Koch´s postulates were used to evaluate the pathogenic capacity of the F. graminearum s.s. isolates in triticale.Main results: Two Fusarium isolates were identified morphologically as F. graminearum, which were confirmed molecularly by PCR using the specific Fg16 F/R primers pair and by sequencing red and tri101 genes. The sequences obtained were compared with those available in the NCBI database using BLAST tools, showing 99-100% homology with those belonging to F. graminearum s.s. The results demonstrated that F. graminearum s.s. isolates were pathogenic when triticale spikes were inoculated by spraying under greenhouse conditions.Research highlights: To our knowledge, this is the first time that the presence of F. graminearum s.s. is reported associated with triticale in Argentina.

scholarly journals Caracterización de aislamientos de Fusarium graminearum y su relación con el deterioro de granos de trigo infectados

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leonel Maximiliano Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Head Blight

La Fusariosis de la espiga de trigo o Fusarium Head Blight en trigo es una enfermedad severa a nivel mundial, en Argentina al menos 20 epidemias de variable intensidad se han registrado en los últimos 50 años. Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto es el principal agente etiológico de la enfermedad para esta región. Como resultado de la infección, los granos de trigo ven modificada tanto su composición química como sus propiedades físicas con la consiguiente alteración de características de calidad en los productos de panificación. Los daños ocasionados por la infección se agravan por la presencia de micotoxinas, las cuales son perjudiciales tanto para la salud humana como animal. La constitución física de los granos se relaciona con su textura y dureza, y su composición química, define el valor nutricional y las propiedades tecnológicas de las harinas. Los mercados son cada vez más exigentes y se interesan por el contenido de proteínas, aminoácidos, almidón, aceites, lípidos y demás componentes, y paulatinamente se reduce la tolerancia a sustancias contaminantes y/o micotoxinas. Dentro de los principales criterios para la determinación de la calidad de los granos se encuentran: el contenido y constitución de las proteínas, variables de rendimiento como ser la pérdida de peso en los granos por espiga y el peso de mil granos, y presencia de micotoxinas. La calidad el gluten de las harinas de trigo depende de la constitución genética de la planta así como de diversos factores ambientales e interacciones con microorganismos. La variación alélica en las fracciones de gluteninas de alto peso molecular (HMW-GS) está directamente relacionada con las propiedades físicas de la masa elaborada a partir de estas harinas. La micotoxina deoxinivalenol (DON) es la que se relaciona en primer término con la enfermedad, por lo cual se la considera una toxina indicadora de infección. Esta Tesis Doctoral aporta conocimientos relacionados con la diversidad genética de la especie Fusarium graminearum y el daño producido en granos de trigo, en cuanto a cambios composicionales y presencia de toxinas, en relación a cambios de calidad.

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