scholarly journals User-centered Design and Evaluation of a Geovisualization Application Leveraging Aggregated QS Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Nelson ◽  
Alan M. MacEachren
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Geovisual Analytics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Visualization ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

Individual movement traces recorded by users of activity tracking applications such as Strava provide opportunities that extend beyond delivering personal value or insight to the individual who engages in these “quantified-self” (QS) activities. The large volumes of data generated by these individuals, when aggregated and anonymized, can be used by city planners, Departments of Transportation, advocacy groups, and researchers to help make cities safer and more efficient. This opportunity, however, is constrained by the technical skills and resources available to those tasked with assessing bicycling behavior in urban centers. This paper aims to address the question of how to design cartographic interfaces to serve as mediated platforms for making large amounts of individual bicycling data more accessible, usable, and actionable. Principles of cartographic representation, geovisual analytics techniques, and best practices in user interface/experience design are employed to arrive at an effective visualization tool for a broad urban planning audience. We use scenario-based design methods to encapsulate knowledge of map use practice gleaned from the development process, and conduct a post-implementation two-part user study with seven domain experts to further assess the usability and utility of the interactive mapping tool.

Developing Clinical Decision Support System for Sleep Staging Tasks by Formulating Explanations from Artificial Intelligence: User-Centered Design and Evaluation. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghwan Hwang ◽  
Taeheon Lee ◽  
Honggu Lee ◽  
Seonjeong Byun
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
User Study ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Sleep Staging ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
User Centered

BACKGROUND Despite the unprecedented performances of deep learning algorithms in clinical domains, full reviews of algorithmic predictions by human experts remain mandatory. Under these circumstances, artificial intelligence (AI) models are primarily designed as clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). However, from the perspective of clinical practitioners, the lack of clinical interpretability and user-centered interfaces block the adoption of these AI systems in practice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an AI-based CDSS for assisting polysomnographic technicians in reviewing AI-predicted sleep staging results. This study proposed and evaluated a CDSS that provides clinically sound explanations for AI predictions in a user-centered fashion. METHODS User needs for the system were identified during interviews with polysomnographic technicians. User observation sessions were conducted to understand the workflow of the practitioners during sleep scoring. Iterative design process was performed to ensure easy integration of the tool into clinical workflows. Then, we evaluated the system with polysomnographic technicians. We measured the improvements in sleep staging accuracies after adopting our tool and assessed qualitatively how the participants perceived and used the tool. RESULTS The user study revealed that technicians desire explanations relevant to key electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns for sleep staging when assessing the correctness of the AI predictions. Here, technicians could evaluate whether AI models properly locate and use those patterns during prediction. Based on this, information in AI models that is closely related to sleep EEG patterns was formulated and visualized during the iterative design process. Furthermore, we developed a different visualization strategy for each pattern based on the way the technicians interpreted the EEG recordings with these patterns during their workflows. Generally, the tool evaluation results from the nine polysomnographic technicians were positive. Quantitatively, technicians achieved better classification performances after reviewing the AI-generated predictions with the proposed system; classification accuracies measured with Macro-F1 scores improved from 60.20 to 62.71. Qualitatively, participants reported that the provided information from the tool effectively supported them, and they were able to develop notable adoption strategies for the tool. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that formulating clinical explanations for automated predictions using the information in the AI with a user-centered design process is an effective strategy for developing a CDSS for sleep staging.

User Centered Approach to the Supra-Functional Needs of People Living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana McDonagh ◽  
Kayla Arquines ◽  
Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler ◽  
Mahshid Mansouri ◽  
Girish Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
User Centered

Abstract User-centered design relies upon the appreciation that assistive technology device solutions need to include the functional and supra-functional (e.g., emotional, social, cultural) needs of users. Developing solutions without basing decision-making on both quantitative (functional) and qualitative (supra-functional) needs can lead to imbalanced devices, services, and/or environments. Satisfying both functional and supra-functional needs is the foundation of user-centered design, which in itself relies upon empathic understanding of the person that one is aiming to serve. This paper presents a study of the lived experiences of people living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, their caregivers, and members of the healthcare management team from a human-centered perspective in the pursuit of pain points, deeper understanding of the emotional needs, and revelation of opportunities for improving quality of life and human experience through more user-centered design. We focus on user-centered design-thinking research tools (e.g., mood boards, journey maps, personas) to (a) understand the authentic experience of the individual in their vernacular and their terminology, and (b) to support a data rich conversation that focuses upon both functional and supra-functional needs to highlight opportunities for design interventions).

scholarly journals Aprendizaje y enseñanza del diseño de experiencias centradas en el usuario

Designia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Bianca Suárez Puerta
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
User Experience Design ◽  
User Centered

Diseñar experiencias (UX)[1] innovadoras puede permitirle a los usuarios abrir nuevas dimensiones a las vivencias cotidianas, e ir más allá de las experiencias familiares basadas en diseños de pantalla. Si bien, la mayoría de los métodos para aumentar los conocimientos básicos de un buen diseño de UX todavía tienen sentido en pantallas bidimensionales, los métodos de aplicación de estos principios heurísticos cambian en el nuevo paradigma de las experiencias de realidad virtual y realidad aumentada. De esta manera, para cada experiencia digital, el diseñador debe iniciar con una idea para mostrar un conocimiento y luego deberá ampliarla a nuevas superficies y soportes. Cada UX requiere crear un viaje para el usuario (UCD)[2] dentro de la idea. El diseñador decidirá qué debe automatizarse y qué debe controlar el usuario. Para comprender mejor, en el presente artículo se analizará el diseño de la experiencia cinematográfica en una sala de cine que presenta una plataforma única donde el diseñador debe pensar más allá de la interfaz. En este medio, la narración de historia es muy importante y no debe ignorarse. Como docentes de diseño es necesario conocer las posibilidades del medio para crear un entorno inmersivo en lugar de solo una interfaz. Para este aprendizaje es necesario también el conocimiento de la psicología, la arquitectura, el diseño de sonido, el diseño de iluminación y la física. En la actualidad, estos diseños de experiencias se esfuerzan por acercarse a las vivencias de la vida real; pero con el tiempo, el contenido y el uso creativo del contenido evolucionarán hacia ofrecer una nueva realidad.   [1] UX: User Experience Design o Diseño de Experiencia de Usuario.   [2] UCD: User Centered Design o Diseño Centrado en el Usuario.  

scholarly journals Information literacy and informed learning: conceptual innovations for IL research and practice futures.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Susan Bruce ◽  
Andrew Demasson ◽  
Hilary Hughes ◽  
Mandy Lupton ◽  
Elham Sayyad Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning Team

Our paper draws together conceptual innovations emerging from the work of a group of researchers focussed on the relational approach to information literacy, more recently labelled ‘informed learning’. Team members have been working together in various configurations for periods ranging from seven to seventeen years. Our collaborative approach continues to yield new concepts and constructs which we believe to be of value to ongoing research and practice. Some of the ideas discussed have been previouly published, while others are being put forward for the first time. All are significant in that they together form new constructs that have emerged from a focus on the relational approach to information literacy. In this paper, Christine Bruce introduces the background to this work and the contributing researchers. Then the individual authors present the key directions which they have developed and are leading, typically working with one or more of the wider network. The key ideas presented are: The expressive window for information literacy (Mandy Lupton); information experience design (Elham Sayyad Abdi); cross-contextuality and experienced identity (Andrew Demasson); informed learning design (Clarence Maybee); spaces for inclusive informed learning (Hilary Hughes); and informed systems (Mary Somerville and Anita Mirjamdotter).  In each piece, authors reflect on what the idea is about, where it came from and what it might mean for research and practice. 

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Howell Wright ◽  
Marc O. Beem
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Chest Roentgenogram ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Differential Problem ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor

ACUTE bronchiolitis (capillary bronchitis, obstructive emphysema) is one of the common afflictions of the lower respiratory passages of infants. Although infection has long been accepted as the primary inciting factor, investigators (with the exception of Sell who believes H. influenzae to be responsible) have not found bacterial pathogens in consistent association with the syndrome. By exclusion, it has been assumed that most cases are precipitated by a viral infection. During the past decade this view has been substantiated by the application of new techniques to the study of respiratory viruses. Surveys of winter and spring epidemics of bronchiolitis in several urban centers have demonstrated a very significant portion of the cases to be associated with respiratory virus infection, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RS), but in a minor number of instances influenza B or the parainfluenza agents. To date, no rapid laboratory proof of viral etiology is available, nor have any of the antiviral substances been found to be effective in treatment. Consequently, the welfare of the individual infant depends upon his physician's acumen in arriving at a correct clinical diagnosis and in utilizing nonspecific measures to combat the disturbances of his respiratory physiology. DIAGNOSIS The first requisite of proper management is an accurate diagnosis. Table I lists other causes of infantile dyspnea which may cause confusion. Exclusion of these entities depends upon a careful history and physical examination, a chest roentgenogram, and a few well-chosen laboratory tests. The most frequent differential problem is the distinction among viral bronchiolitis, asthmatic bronchitis, and bacterial infection of the lower respiratory passages.

Follow-up of Children With Trait in a Rural Setting

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Herman Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Hb S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Limited Testing

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers were established in 1972 to test, educate, counsel, and research sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies. Standards and protocols for testing, education, and research were readily established because similar procedures and methods were already in operation at the institutions where the centers were located. The most difficult and still the most controversial program to provide is counseling. It became evident, early, that there is no universally accepted method for informing carriers of abnormal Hb S about their results. Centers located in large urban areas with a limited testing radius do not face the same problems as centers located in rural areas where the testing radius may cover an entire state or several states. Individual, or one-on-one, counseling of persons with trait results appears to be successful for urban centers where the individual may be called to the center and given information. But, in a rural setting, it is not feasible for the center to ask a person to travel 350 miles to be told he or she has nothing to worry about. And it is not cost-effective to send a caseworker 350 miles to say the same thing. It must, therefore, be concluded that each agency or center must adopt counseling methods that meet its specific needs. Each program must be flexible, imaginative, and creative and must successfully and accurately deliver information about being a carrier for the sickle gene or other hemoglobinopathy and its implication and significance for patients and their future offspring. To do this, we must first look at the problems facing us.

Learning Behavioral Differences Among Students and Ethical Issues in a University Cloud Classroom System

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Hai Liu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Sannyuya Liu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
User Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
The Individual

In a private learning environment, each learner's interactions with course contents are treasured clues for educators to understand the individual and collective learning process. To provide educators with evidence-based insights, this chapter intends to adopt sequential analysis method to unfold learning behavioral differences among different groups of students (grade, subject, and registration type) in a university cloud classroom system. Experimental results indicate that sophomores undertake more learning tasks than other grades. There are significant differences in task-related and self-monitoring behaviors between liberal arts and science learners. Registered learners have higher participation levels than non-registered ones. Meanwhile, a user study aiming to analyze students' learning feelings indicates that a fraction of students have dishonest behaviors for achieving a good online performance. Finally, this study discusses behavioral ethical issues emerged in cloud classroom, which deserve the attention of educators for regulating and optimizing the online learning process of students.

scholarly journals A Study on Visual Representations for Active Plant Wall Data Analysis

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahin Akram Hassan ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Lonni Besançon ◽  
Jimmy Johansson ◽  
Niklas Rönnberg
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
The Status

The indoor climate is closely related to human health, well-being, and comfort. Thus, an understanding of the indoor climate is vital. One way to improve the indoor climates is to place an aesthetically pleasing active plant wall in the environment. By collecting data using sensors placed in and around the plant wall both the indoor climate and the status of the plant wall can be monitored and analyzed. This manuscript presents a user study with domain experts in this field with a focus on the representation of such data. The experts explored this data with a Line graph, a Horizon graph, and a Stacked area graph to better understand the status of the active plant wall and the indoor climate. Qualitative measures were collected with Think-aloud protocol and semi-structured interviews. The study resulted in four categories of analysis tasks: Overview, Detail, Perception, and Complexity. The Line graph was found to be preferred for use in providing an overview, and the Horizon graph for detailed analysis, revealing patterns and showing discernible trends, while the Stacked area graph was generally not preferred. Based on these findings, directions for future research are discussed and formulated. The results and future directions of this research can facilitate the analysis of multivariate temporal data, both for domain users and visualization researchers.

Employee Experience Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Nitu Ghosh ◽  
Urmila Itam
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Employee Experience ◽  
The Relationship

The philosophy of employee experience has been advocated as an effective tool to achieve the highest level of employee engagement in a business environment characterized by increased dynamism in workforce demography, psychography, competencies, and expectations. Employee experience encapsulates the overall journey of an employee in an organization from hire to exit, encompassing their experiences, what they feel, do, and achieve from the company. It is a comprehensive view of the relationship shared and experienced between the individual and the organization right from the application stage to stage they join the alumni group after their exit. The chapter explores this new philosophy in current human capital management practices that aims at revamping the HR practices and policies so as to create an experience that provides the highest level of engagement. Based on content analysis qualitative survey of various HR managers, opinions and new age thoughts in HRM practices has been highlighted in this chapter, giving an innovative dimension to HRM.

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