scholarly journals Large-scale Topographic Web Maps Using Scalable Vector Graphics

2005 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pavlicko ◽  
Michael P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
The Internet ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Vector Graphics ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics

With the advent of the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web, the use and demand for online maps has grown very rapidly. Large scale topographic maps from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at a scale of 1:24,000 have been traditionally distributed in paper form. To make these maps available to a larger number of people, rasterized versions are now available from various sources. Instead of the common raster format presentation, the solution presented here is based on a vector approach using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), a relatively new vector format describing vector graphics for the Web. SVG provides many advantages compared to the use of a raster-based presentation, such as the quality of the graphical representation, maintenance, actualization, interactivity, and extensibility through other Web programming languages. The purpose of this research is to propose an optimal and logical structure for a SVG document with a minimal file size that would be universally applicable to all USGS large scale topographic maps while maintaining the graphic quality at a comparable level with maps presented on paper. The study shows that SVG is a promising technology for delivering high quality, fully-vector topographic maps via the Internet, both in terms of graphic quality and interactivity.

Cyberstalking

Stalking ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham D. Glancy ◽  
Alan W. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
E Mail

Cyberstalking involves the use of the Internet or other electronic communication to stalk another person. Already common, it is likely to become more common as the use of the Internet continues to grow. The characteristics of online stalkers and their victims have some differences from those of the offline stalker. Mullen, Pathé, Purcell, and Stuart’s (1999) classification may apply to cyberstalkers except for the apparently common phenomenon of child luring that may be a new category. The methods of cyberstalking, as described in this chapter, are particularly ingenious. We know little about the effect on victims, but postulate that it is similar to offline stalking. We make some suggestions that may prevent cyberstalking, as well as offer some steps to bear in mind once cyberstalking occurs. The proliferation of personal computers with Internet access in the last decade has raised concerns about a new phenomenon known as cyberstalking. The Internet can be used to annoy and harass large numbers of victims in a generic manner by disseminating computer viruses, Internet scams, and “spamming” people with unsolicited e-mail. In 1999 Janet Reno, the attorney general of the United States, defined cyberstalking as the use of the Internet, e-mail, or other electronic communications devices to stalk another person (Reno, 1999). Barak (2005) looked at the issue of sexual harassment on the Internet. He characterizes cyberstalking as one type of sexual coercion. He notes that online behavior is characterized by disinhibition, openness, venture, and bravado—an atmosphere characterized by typical masculine attitudes. He argues that the lack of legal boundaries or enforcement vehicles encourage people to do what they would not have done in offline situations. He notes the near impossibility of implementation of legal procedures on a large scale. In this chapter we will discuss what is known about the prevalence of this phenomenon, the types of cyberstalking, and what is known about the perpetrators. In addition, we will generate some hypotheses about the comparison between online and offline stalkers. We will also discuss the effects on victims and current thoughts and resources for dealing with cyberstalking.

scholarly journals How the Internet Will Help Large-Scale Assessment Reinvent Itself

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Elliot Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Strong Motivation

Large-scale assessment in the United States is undergoing enormous pressure to change. That pressure stems from many causes. Depending upon the type of test, the issues precipitating change include an outmoded cognitive-scientific basis for test design; a mismatch with curriculum; the differential performance of population groups; a lack of information to help individuals improve; and inefficiency. These issues provide a strong motivation to reconceptualize both the substance and the business of large-scale assessment. At the same time, advances in technology, measurement, and cognitive science are providing the means to make that reconceptualization a reality. The thesis of this paper is that the largest facilitating factor will be technological, in particular the Internet. In the same way that it is already helping to revolutionize commerce, education, and even social interaction, the Internet will help revolutionize the business and substance of large-scale assessment.

scholarly journals An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hartwig Hochmair ◽  
Adam Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
The Us

Topographic maps provide both a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground and a quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines. They can be used to address spatial questions in disciplines related to natural resources, hydrology, forestry, agriculture, or ecology. In 1879, the United States Geological Survey began to map the topography of the United States, producing new map versions of each area at semi-regular time intervals. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. Unlike traditional topographic maps, the US Topo product is automatically generated from national map databases with topographic maps and produced every three years for all 48 of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and the United States territories. They are published as freely available geospatial PDF documents that facilitate coordinate readings and spatial measurements (e.g. distance, area) through built-in georeferencing technology. This 7-page fact sheet written by Hartwig H. Hochmair and Adam R. Benjamin and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation focuses on US Topo quadrangle download procedures and layer structure. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr432

scholarly journals Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Sitamarhi near Bihar-Nepal Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhik Paul ◽  
Pradipta Chakrabortty ◽  
Avijit Burman ◽  
Sapan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard Analysis ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Maximum Magnitude ◽  
Earthquake Data

Abstract This article presents the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for Sitamarhi, Bihar considering the region-specific maximum magnitude and ground motion prediction equation (GMPEs). North Bihar region is one of the seismically unstable areas in India facing several destructive earthquakes for the Himalayan Mountains that was created by the collision of Indian and Eurasian plate. The Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) seismic hazard parameter ‘a’ and ‘b’ have been evaluated by considering the available local earthquake data. Earthquake data were collected from the United States geological survey (USGS), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi, Seismotectonic Atlas of India (GIS 2000) within 500 km radius of the study area, and 62 seismotectonic sources were identified and considered in this study. Seismic source zones for the region have been defined based on large-scale geological features, which are used for assigning the maximum possible earthquake potential. Estimated PGA values are 0.89 g and 0.61 g for the 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years. The results showed that West Patna fault and Sitamarhi Fault are the two main faults, which contribute maximum in the peak ground acceleration (PGA) values for Sitamarhi region.

scholarly journals Analysis Ready Data: Enabling Analysis of the Landsat Archive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dwyer ◽  
David Roy ◽  
Brian Sauer ◽  
Calli Jenkerson ◽  
Hankui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Data Provision

Data that have been processed to allow analysis with a minimum of additional user effort are often referred to as Analysis Ready Data (ARD). The ability to perform large scale Landsat analysis relies on the ability to access observations that are geometrically and radiometrically consistent, and have had non-target features (clouds) and poor quality observations flagged so that they can be excluded. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has processed all of the Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) archive over the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, and Hawaii, into Landsat ARD. The ARD are available to significantly reduce the burden of pre-processing on users of Landsat data. Provision of pre-prepared ARD is intended to make it easier for users to produce Landsat-based maps of land cover and land-cover change and other derived geophysical and biophysical products. The ARD are provided as tiled, georegistered, top of atmosphere and atmospherically corrected products defined in a common equal area projection, accompanied by spatially explicit quality assessment information, and

scholarly journals Constructing a Large-scale Landslide Database Across Heterogeneous Environments Using Task-Specific Model Updates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
savinay nagendra ◽  
srikanth banagere manjunatha ◽  
daniel kifer ◽  
te pei ◽  
weixin li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Extensive Data

We use the landslide inventory database provided by the United States Geological Survey. USGS maintains a database of landslide reports with approximate locations and times, but no images. This is the most extensive data of its kind. We extract satellite images from Google Earth by using this inventory.<br>

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of the Evolutionary Process of the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-568
Author(s):  
Javier Alberto Ospina Ramos ◽  
Sergio Hernández Abaunza ◽  
Miguel Ángel Leguizamón Páez
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The current article presents a bibliometric anaylisis about the contribution made by the Internet of Things (IoT), from its appearance, viewed since social, academic and techonological levels. This analysis was carried out collecting information to a global standard, also it was reviewed more than 60.000 files, which are in the bibliogaphic database Scopus, by means of the techonological tool RStudio. This resource supports the processing of obtained data and whose main idea is to highlight the importance of different scientific and academic cooperations that are developed to national and international standard, which are focused on to research about this topic. It was used the method of information analysis, which consists in study design, data summary, proecessing and display, also the obtained results interpretation since the reckonings made through Rstudio. These results show that the IoT is a very important reference frame to its applicability in many production and services fields to a global level. It is also evident that the United States and China are nations that develop scientific production to a large-scale about the IoT, allocating a big quantity of human, physic and techological resources to such aim.

scholarly journals SVG v kartografii

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar Čerba
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Vector Graphics ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics

V červenci 2005 se ve španělském městě A Coruña konala dvacátá druhá Mezinárodní kartografická konference. Ve svém příspěvku definoval předseda Komise pro mapy a internet Mezinárodní kartografické asociace (Commission on Maps and the Internet, International Cartographic Association / Association Cartographique Internationale) Prof. Michael P. Peterson čtyři základní směry, kterými by se měl ubírat výzkum v oblasti digitální kartografie v prostředí internetu:<br />Internet Map Use,Internet Map Delivery,Internet Multimedia Mapping,Internet Mobile Mapping.<br />Cílem tohoto příspěvku je ukázat SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) jako pravoplatného člena rodiny technologií pro tvorbu digitálních map, konkrétně pro tzv. Internet Mapping. Jednotlivé části se věnují představení SVG, možnostem využívání SVG v současné kartografii s přihlédnutím k bodům z výše uvedeného seznamu, přednostem a nedostatkům současné verze SVG a také různého aplikakčního software. Článek také obsahuje výčet možností tvorby map ve formátu SVG, včetně jejich stručného zhodnocení.

Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Stromer-Galley
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Presidential Campaigning ◽  
The Right

Presidential candidates and their campaigns in the United States are fully invested in the use of social media. Yet, since 1996 presidential campaigns have been experimenting with ways to use digital communication technologies on the Internet to their advantage. This book tells the stories of the practices of campaigning online between 1996 and 2016, looking at winners and also-rans. The stories provide rich details of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of candidates, including the influence of digital media. The stories also show how political campaigns over six election cycles transitioned from the paradigm of mass media campaigning, to networked campaigning, and finally to mass-targeted campaigning. Campaigns shifted from efforts at mass persuasion to networked persuasion by identifying and communicating with super-supporters to give them the right digital tools and messages to take to their social network. Campaigns learned over time how to use the Internet’s interactive affordances to communicate with the public in ways that structures what supporters do for the campaign that maximizes strategic benefit—what I call “controlled interactivity.” By the 2016 campaign, technology companies made it easier and more effective to engage in mass-targeted campaigning—using large-scale data analytics by campaigns and tech companies to identify target audiences for campaigns to advertise to online.

Grand Lake Meadows Historical Mapping

GEOMATICA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
H. McGrath ◽  
E. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Vector Graphics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Dynamic Web ◽  
Map Analysis

Grand Lake Meadows is a historically and ecologically significant wetland in New Brunswick. This research studied Grand Lake Meadows through the analysis of historical maps held at the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. The map analysis aimed to uncover previously unknown societal and geomorphological information about the area. Once the historical maps were identified, analyzed and georectified, they were posted on the Internet and made accessible through dynamic web-based map mashups using OpenLayers and Web Map Services. A series of supporting web pages were created to encourage site visitors to explore the Grand Lake Meadows historical maps through a series of puzzles and quizzes created with Hypertext Preprocessor, JavaScript, and Scalable Vector Graphics. The website aims to support existing initiatives which promote awareness of the significance of this area.

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