scholarly journals The Impact of Implementing an "Incredible Years" Group Within a Family Living Unit in a Transitional Living Shelter: The Case of "Cathy"

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen C. Rogers ◽  
Michelle Bobich ◽  
Patrick Heppell
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Transitional Living ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Living Unit ◽  
Parent Interactions ◽  
The Impact

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Young children who experience homelessness have a markedly increased risk of behavior disorders.&nbsp; This case study illustrates the impact of the "Incredible Years" (IY) program, an evidence-supported group psychotherapy intervention, on "Cathy," a 4-year-old Latina girl with externalizing behaviors who was living in a transitional program for homeless women and children.&nbsp; Adaptations of the model to address the child and family&rsquo;s trauma history and to allow for its implementation in a residential program are delineated. Qualitative and quantitative data support that the IY group had a positive impact on Cathy and her family and led to significant symptom decreases in externalizing behaviors and PTSD symptoms, as well as an improvement in the quality of child and parent interactions. Additionally, recommendations for future studies and treatment considerations and adaptations for this underserved population are addressed.&nbsp;</span></p>

scholarly journals Maternal Anthropometry and Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) - A Hospital Based Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Bishnupada Dhar ◽  
Kazi Jahangir Hossain ◽  
Subrata K Bhadra ◽  
Aleya Mowlah ◽  
Golam Mowlah
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Pregnancy Weight Gain ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
The Impact

This was a prospective observational study conducted on374 pregnant women who remained in the study beginningfrom first trimester until gave birth to singleton newbornbabies selected from five maternity hospitals located atdifferent regions in the country over a period of thirtymonths from July 2002 to December 2004. Objectives ofthe study were: (1) To find out the incidence of IUGR in thehospital based study, (2) To observe the impact of prepregnancyweight and pregnancy weight gain on IUGR,(3) To select appropriate cut off points of pre-pregnancyweight and pregnancy weight gain to identify women at riskfor delivering IUGR babies and (4) To observe theassociation between socio-demographic factors andmaternal anthropometry.Twenty one percent women delivered IUGR babies. Motherswho gained <4 kg in second trimester and <5kg in thirdtrimester gave birth to significantly higher incidence ofIUGR babies (29.1% and 35.3% respectively) in comparisonto mothers gained e” 4 kg and e” 5 kg who gave birth to14.4% and 9.3% IUGR babies (p<.001) . Maternal weightfor height in the lower range of normalcy at early pregnancywas associated with an increased risk of IUGR whencompare to normal or over weight for height group ofmothers (30.6% vs. 9.5%; p=<.001). The study revealedthat combination of <90 percent of standard weight forheight and net weight gain per week <125gm have strongnegative influence on foetal growth (39.5% IUGR babies).On the contrary, combination of e” 110 percent of weightfor height and weekly weight gain of e” 150 gm havesignificant positive impact on foetal growth (6.7% IUGR) .For total weight gain, best cut off point for identifying riskwomen of delivering IUGR babies was recommended 8.5kg and that for prepregnancy or first trimester weight was47.5 kg.Key words: Low birth weight; intrauterine growthretardation; AnthropometryDOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5366J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 73-80

Edible Medicinal Plants on Facilitating Childbirth: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani Ivari ◽  
Atiyeh Mohamadzadeh Vatanchi ◽  
Mahdi Yousefi ◽  
Fateme Badaksh ◽  
Roshanak Salari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Date Syrup ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Plant Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Onset ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Despite advances and the availability of newer drugs to facilitate childbirth, the interest in using natural treatments is on the rise. More than 20 percent of pregnancies require induction of labor, which is associated with side effects and increased risk of cesarean surgery. For this reason, the use of medicinal plants is considered healthier. Objective: The present study is a systematic review of the role of oral herbs in facilitating childbirth. Results: Twenty clinical trials investigated the impact of edible plants on increasing cervical readiness, stimulating labor onset, reducing pain intensity, and shortening the duration of labor. Five studies have revealed the positive impact of saffron. Two studies reported the same effect by chamomile. Three studies showed the positive impact of boiled dill seeds, and two studies showed the impact of date and date syrup. Another study reported the impact of Descurainia Sophia, and six studies also showed the positive effect of castor oil on uterine stimulation, strengthening and relieving labor pains, which eventually lead to facilitating labor. One study also showed no improvement in bishop score after consumption of primrose capsules. Conclusion: The positive effect of edible medicinal plants on facilitating childbirth has been shown in the mentioned studies. However, more studies with a larger sample size are needed, and there is also a need for a more detailed study of the possible mechanisms of plant effects.

scholarly journals Nutritional Approach Targeting Gut Microbiota in NAFLD—To Date

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Moszak ◽  
Monika Szulińska ◽  
Marta Walczak-Gałęzewska ◽  
Paweł Bogdański
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic cancers, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Recently, a series of studies revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in NAFLD’s pathogenesis. The GM plays an essential role in different metabolic pathways, including the fermentation of diet polysaccharides, energy harvest, choline regulation, and bile acid metabolism. One of the most critical factors in GM stabilization is the diet; therefore, nutritional therapyappearsto be a promising tool in NAFLD therapy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge regardingthe nutritional approach and its implications with GM and NAFLD treatment. We discuss the positive impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in a reverse dysbiosis state in NAFLD and show the potential beneficial effects of bioactive substances from the diet. The full description of the mechanism of action and comprehensive examination of the impact of nutritional interventions on GM modulation may, in the future, be a simple but essential tool supporting NAFLD therapy.

Receiving Screened Donor Human Milk for Their Infant Supports Parental Wellbeing: a Mixed-methods Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Brown ◽  
Natalie Shenker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Donor human milk (DHM) protects the health and development of premature infants but there has been little examination of the broader impact of an infant receiving it upon parental mental health. Breastfeeding and mental health are closely tied with women who experience breastfeeding difficulties or are unable to meet their own breastfeeding goals often experiencing feelings of guilt, sadness and anger, alongside an increased risk of postnatal depression. The aim of the current study was to explore how experience of receiving DHM for their baby affected the wellbeing of parents.Methods: UK parents of infants aged 0 – 12 months who had received screened DHM from a milk bank (typically on the neonatal unit or in some cases in the community) completed an online questionnaire exploring their experiences. The questionnaire included Likert scale items examining perceived impact upon infant health, own wellbeing and family functioning alongside open-ended questions exploring perceptions of how receiving DHM affected wellbeing.Results: Almost all of the 107 participants (women=102) agreed that receiving DHM had a positive impact upon infant health and development, their own mental and physical health, and their family’s wellbeing. Parents felt relieved that their infant was receiving DHM for health reasons but also due to the experience of being listened to, supported and having their infant feeding decisions facilitated. Receiving DHM helped mothers to process some of their emotions at not being able to breastfeed, in part because knowing their baby was being fed gave them the space to focus on recovery and bonding with their baby. Some parents did experience challenges, feeling guilty at receiving DHM, insecure that another woman was able to feed their baby when they could not, with some negative reactions from family. Although the impact of receiving DHM upon breastfeeding was not measured, some women who were working to build their own milk supply noted that it helped motivate them to continue.Conclusions: DHM may play an important role not only in protecting infant health and development but in supporting the mental health and wellbeing of mothers for whom their infant receiving human milk is important.

Special conditions: acute coronary syndromes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 929-935
Author(s):  
Baris Gencer ◽  
Marco Roffi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Intensive Glucose Lowering ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with an increased risk of mortality in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Like patients without diabetes, ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients mandate immediate and within 24 h coronary angiography, respectively. Even in the absence of troponin elevation, all patients with diabetes with suspected acute coronary syndromes should undergo coronary angiography within 72 h due to their increased risk (which is not the case for individuals without diabetes). Antiplatelet treatment should be handled as in patients without diabetes, and the more potent P2Y12 inhibitors prasugrel and ticagrelor should be preferred over clopidogrel. Overall, trials investigating the impact of intensive glucose-lowering therapies in the acute phase of acute coronary syndromes did not show a positive impact on clinical outcomes. In the long term, efforts in secondary prevention to reach recommended global preventive targets are especially important in this patient population to improve survival and reduce the recurrence of ischaemic events.

Prenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation has Greater Impact on Birthweight than Supplementation with Iron and Folic Acid: A Cluster-Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Programmatic Study in Rural Niger

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noël M. Zagré ◽  
Gwénola Desplats ◽  
Pierre Adou ◽  
Aïssa Mamadoultaibou ◽  
Victor M. Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact

Background Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including reduced birthweight. Low birthweight is associated with increased risk of infant mortality and growth failure. Objectives To assess the effects of prenatal supplementation with UNIMMAP (United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Preparation) compared with iron/folic acid on average birthweight and incidence of low birthweight. Methods Pregnant women from 78 villages in Niger were included in a cluster-randomized, double-blinded, controlled supplementation trial. Baseline, monthly follow-up, and birth data were collected. Cluster analysis was conducted to assess differences in mean birthweight and incidence of low birthweight between groups using multiple linear regression models. Analyses were stratified by nutrition status and duration of supplementation. Results Of the 3,670 women recruited, 2,550 completed the study and provided complete birthweight data (1,328 received multiple micronutrients and 1,222 received iron/folic acid). Mean birthweight was significantly higher (67 g, p < .001) with multiple micronutrients (3,092 ± 190 g) than with iron/folic acid (3,025 ± 205 g); this corresponded to a 14% fall in the incidence of low birthweight (from 8.4% with multiple micronutrients to 7.2% with folic acid fortification). The impact of multiple micronutrients was greater when the supplements were taken for more than 150 days. The incidence of low birthweight was further reduced in women who entered pregnancy with a poorer nutrition status. Conclusions Prenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients had a greater positive impact on birthweight than supplementation with iron/folic acid. Our data suggest that prenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients as part of a prenatal care package in addition to interventions to promote improved maternal prepregnancy nutrition status is an important strategy to increase birthweight and reduce the incidence of low birthweight.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Impact of Genetic Testing for Familial Melanoma I: Primary and Secondary Preventative Behaviours

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Clare A. Primiero ◽  
Tatiane Yanes ◽  
Anna Finnane ◽  
H. Peter Soyer ◽  
Aideen M. McInerney-Leo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Familial Melanoma ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preventative Behaviour

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Increasing availability of panel testing for known high-penetrance familial melanoma genes has made it possible to improve risk awareness in those at greatest risk. Prior to wider implementation, the role of genetic testing in preventing melanoma, through influencing primary and secondary preventative behaviours, requires clarification. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Database searches of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were conducted for studies describing preventative behaviour outcomes in response to genetic testing for melanoma risk. Publications describing original research of any study type were screened for eligibility. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighteen publications describing 11 unique studies were reviewed. Outcomes assessed are based on health behaviour recommendations for those at increased risk: adherence to sun-protective behaviour (SPB); clinical skin examinations (CSE); skin self-examinations (SSE); and family discussion of risk. Overall, modest increases in adherence to primary prevention strategies of SPB were observed following genetic testing. Importantly, there were no net decreases in SPB found amongst non-carriers. For secondary preventative behaviour outcomes, including CSE and SSE, increases in post-test intentions and long-term adherence were reported across several subgroups in approximately half of the studies. While this increase reached significance in mutation carriers in some studies, one study reported a significant decline in annual CSE adherence of non-mutation carriers. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Evidence reviewed suggests that genetic testing has a modestly positive impact on preventative behaviour in high-risk individuals. Furthermore, improvements are observed regardless of mutation carrier status, although greater adherence is found in carriers. While additional studies of more diverse cohorts would be needed to inform clinical recommendations, the findings are encouraging and suggest that genetic testing for melanoma has a positive impact on preventative behaviours.

scholarly journals Impact of delayed acceleration feedback on the classical car-following model

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-604
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishna Kamath ◽  
Krishna Jagannathan ◽  
Gaurav Raina
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Parametric Uncertainty ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acceleration Feedback ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Delayed acceleration feedback (DAF) is known to have a positive impact on the stability properties of dynamical models in several applications. Motivated by this, we study the impact of DAF on the classical car-following model (CCFM). First, we show that DAF shrinks the locally stable region. We then show that the resulting model, similar to the CCFM, loses local stability via a Hopf bifurcation. However, DAF decreases the amplitude and increases the frequency of the resulting limit cycles. Additionally, we show that DAF is detrimental to the CCFM due to $(i)$ destruction of the non-oscillatory property of its solutions, $(ii)$ increased risk of string instability and $(iii)$ reduced resilience towards parametric uncertainty. Thus, we report a relevant application wherein DAF degrades the performance across several metrics of practical interest. Thus, our work motivates a systematic study of controllers that can guarantee performance enhancement. We complement our analytical results with stability charts and a bifurcation diagram.

scholarly journals Thromboembolism (TE) and adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (EBC): Did the evolution of treatment change the incidence of the adverse event? A metanalysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12516-e12516
Author(s):  
Luca Moscetti ◽  
Claudia Omarini ◽  
Isabella Sperduti ◽  
Fabio Canino ◽  
Monica Barbolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Switch Strategy

e12516 Background: The AET of HR+ EBC has been changing in the recent years. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) as upfront, or in a planned switch strategy after Tamoxifen (T), have been added to the choice of T alone. An increased risk of TE is well known in the T treated patients while AIs have showed a reduced rate of TE. Recently, adding the cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6) abemaciclib to AIs, has showed a positive impact in the high risk HR+ EBC subgroups, but we are seeing an increase of the TE rate. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of the new AETs on the incidence of TE if compared to the standard monotherapy. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of the randomized phase III trials comparing the experimental AETs and the endocrine standard therapy. A random-effect model to find differences in the rate of TE events between the experimental treatments and the standard therapy has been used. Results: Twelve phase III trials were included. Five trials evaluated the upfront strategy, 6 studies the switch and one the combination with a CDK4/6inhibitor (i.e. abemaciclib). Overall, the new AETs did not significantly modify or affect the rate of TE events (OR 0.708, 0.444-1.130, p = 0.148) with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 87, p < 0.0001). Excluding the abemaciclib trial, the incidence of TE is reduced (OR 0.609, 0.462-0.802, p < 0.0001) with a moderate heterogeneity among the studies (I2 59, p < 0.006). Considering the upfront strategies with AIs, the TE events are reduced (OR 0.507, 0.394-0.651, p < 0.0001) but they are not if we consider the trials in which T is used upfront before AIs (OR 0.762, 0.546-1.065, p = 0.112). Conclusions: Overall, the new treatments (AIs alone or plus CDK4/6 inhibitors) did not affect the rate in TE events. AIs as upfront strategy is the safest AETs of HR+ EBC, being associated to the lowest incidence of TE. The switch strategy increases the TE rate whereas the addition of abemaciclib to the standard AET showed to significantly increase the TE events. The results of the currently ongoing trials with the CDK4/6 inhibitors will help to obtain additional data to evaluate any differences among the different CDK4/6 inhibitors and to clarify the weight of the TE adverse events in the balance of benefit/risk of this new adjuvant strategy.

scholarly journals Villanova ReachOut Forming Connections with Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 746-746
Author(s):  
Christina Whitehouse ◽  
Catherine Curley ◽  
Caitlin Gomes ◽  
Michelle McKay ◽  
Christine Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training Satisfaction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Question Survey

Abstract Older adults are at increased risk for loneliness and social isolation. Research on loneliness identifies increased rates of depression, increased cognitive decline, and poor cardiovascular health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many older adults into social isolation for protection against this insidious virus. Mandated lockdowns and personal decisions to shelter-in-place produced a tremendous increase in rates of loneliness, especially among older adults. Identifying a need for communication and relationships, we created Villanova ReachOut, a program that partners interprofessional students (N= 66) with older adults (N=53) through weekly telephone or video calls. To assess the impact of our program we developed a five question survey administered via phone to older adults and a 13-item survey for volunteers to assess training, satisfaction, needs and impact of the program. Of the older adults (n=16) who completed the survey, 78.6% believe the program helped them feel less isolated throughout the pandemic and 93.8% indicated they looked forward to weekly calls with their partner . Volunteers who completed the survey (N=25), overwhelmingly stated they enjoy and look forward to their calls (100%) and their communication skills have improved (92%). Volunteers reported being paired up with an older adult for weekly conversation had a positive impact on their personal and professional development. Findings from our program evaluation provide rich data in descriptions of positive impact for both the older adult and volunteer. These findings also support the need for programs that engage in intergenerational dialogue, specifically targeting older adults and the potential older adult workforce.

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