scholarly journals “Heaven, Hell, or Hoboken:” Anti-German Sentiment in Hoboken, 1917-1918, Some Examples

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Irish Immigrants ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The City

In the early 20th century, urban centers in New Jersey, especially locations such as Newark, Hoboken, and Camden, were home to many immigrants from Europe. Hoboken stands out amongst these as it was the major port of embarkation for American troops en route to the World War I. The city saw American immigrants supporting the war effort in varying ways. Irish immigrants, for example, may well have looked at American support for Great Britain in a different light than native-born American citizens. Similarly, German-Americans, especially between 1914 and 1917, were ambivalent as American “neutrality” towards Germany shifted towards outright hostility. What can local newspapers, some of which catered to ethnic interests, tell us about the tensions between ethnic loyalties and the call for patriotic support for the Allies as the United States went to war? This paper focuses in part on editorial comments on the need for “loyalty,” and/or “patriotism” once war was declared in April, 1917. It was originally presented as a paper at the NJ Historical Commission’s 2017 conference, “New Jersey and The Great War,” held November 3-4, 2017 at Rowan College at Burlington County and Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst.

Kentucky Joins the Great War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bettez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
German Language ◽  
American Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War

This chapter covers the commonwealth’s response to World War I and efforts to support the war after the United States entered it in April 1917. It describes support from newspaper editors Henry Watterson and Desha Breckinridge. It also discusses attitudes toward the state’s extensive German American population, including an effort to ban the teaching of the German language in schools and the repression of people deemed disloyal or insufficiently supportive of the war. Kentuckians also rallied to the war effort in a positive way, supporting Liberty Bond and Red Cross campaigns. They joined support organizations such as the Four Minute Men and the American Protective League.

From the Civil War to the Great War

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Aaron Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Artificial Limbs ◽  
World War ◽  
Oliver Wendell Holmes ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
The Great War

The chapter first shows how the spiritualized version of prosthetics originated in the Civil War, which rendered approximately 60,000 veterans limbless. Prominent physicians such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. and S. Weir Mitchell postulated that artificial limbs gave both physical and emotional solace to shattered soldiers, especially among those who suffered phantom limb syndrome. The devices’ “spiritual” potential proved limited, if not illusory; in fact, they were often so fragile, cumbersome, and painful that amputees simply preferred to go without them. Upon entering World War I, the United States created a rehabilitation and vocational program that aided injured veterans to reenter the workforce. Reflecting the way in which “personality” had come to replace a more traditional notion of spirit, orthopedists such as Joel Goldthwait and David Silver, both employed at Walter Reed Hospital, designed artificial limbs for both physical and psychological compatibility.

From “Stab in the Back” to “Good Riddance”: Recollections of Ayyam al-Atrak

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Salim Tamari
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Tobacco Monopoly ◽  
The Great War

Selim Deringil's The Ottoman Twilight in the Arab Lands: Turkish Memoirs and Testimonies of the Great War is an account of five memoirs written after World War I by leading Ottoman military commanders and intellectuals who spent the war years in the Arab provinces. The memoirs include those of Falih Rifki Atay, Ahmad Cemal Pasha's deputy in the Fourth Army and head of intelligence in Damascus and Jerusalem; Hüseyin Kazım Kadri, a founder of the Young Turk movement and editor of Tanin; Naci Kaşif Kıcıman, the chief intelligence officer in Hijaz during the Great Revolt; Münevver Ayaşlı, the daughter of the Turkish head of the Ottoman tobacco monopoly who became an ardent Islamic feminist in the Republican period; and Ali Fuad Erden, the Fourth Army's chief of staff. Deringil's introduction, which references other works on the final days of Ottoman rule in Syria and Palestine, provides a critical framing of these narratives in the context of (some) Turkish claims that the Great Revolt constituted a “stab in the back” to the Ottoman war effort and a betrayal of the state. The memoirs contain vivid accounts of daily life in Beirut, Jerusalem, Damascus, and Medina during World War I.

“Enemy Aliens” and “Silk Stocking Girls”: The Class Politics of Internment in the Drive for Urban Order during World War I

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-458
Author(s):  
Adam Hodges
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
World War ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Federal Authority ◽  
War Effort

This article focuses on the two national internment programs developed in the United States during World War I from the vantage point of Portland, Oregon, and argues that they unfolded locally. Both the male enemy aliens at risk of internment and the girls and women who experienced confinement due to sexual activity tended to be poor. Authorities deemed that they were, or were likely to become, radicals or prostitutes—but that they were not to be prosecuted as such. Officials could banish or track them more easily as threats to the war effort, rather than as threats to urban social stability and economic development. Scholars of the home front have ignored the evolution of local-federal partnerships to track or intern these two groups and have so far failed to establish how local perceptions of the dangerous poor shaped cooperation with wartime federal authority.

Over Here, Over There

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
Claude Debussy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles Ives ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Gold Star

Music in World War I played an important role in cementing the transatlantic alliance among Anglophone and Francophone allies. Chapters 1–5 consider responses to the war by five individuals from three countries: Frank Bridge, Charles Ives, Claude Debussy, John Philip Sousa, and Irving Berlin. Chapters 6–10 gradually expand the focus to ever larger groups of people: women theatre organists in the United States, the Longleat community in England, the greater citizenry of Canada, the service flag and Gold Star mother movements throughout the United States, and the global population devastated by the influenza epidemic. A “prelude,” “interlude,” and “postlude,” which provide context and supplemental material, are co-authored by the three editors, who speak as representatives of England, Canada, and the United States. The whole demonstrates not only the importance of musical exchanges and influences in shaping transatlantic support for the war effort but also the range of contributions made—from unknown amateurs to major composers, from local communities to international populations, and from regions that span a third of the globe.

Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia F. lrwin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War

During World War I, hundreds of Americans traveled to Italy as volunteers for the American Red Cross (ARC). Through their relief activities for Italian civilians, these individuals served both diplomatic and social-reform agendas. They packaged medical and social aid with a clear message of American alliance, presenting the ARC as a vanguard of the U.S. military that was prepared to assist Italy's war effort in the absence of American troops. Emphasizing American methods, expertise, and alliance, ARC representatives also enacted reforms with the ambition to mold Italy into their vision of a modern western nation. This article argues that international humanitarian aid buttressed U.S. international involvement, both political and cultural, during the Wilsonian era. Further, by examining the connections between social politics and foreign relations in Italy, it demonstrates that the boundaries of the transatlantic progressive community extended beyond the North Atlantic.

scholarly journals New Jersey and the Great War: Part II

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Richard J. Connors
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
World War I ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great War

As April 2017 marked the 100th anniversary of America’s entry into World War I, this edition of NJS has several related offerings. These include this special feature, an adapted version of the second half of Dr. Richard J. Connors’ new book, New Jersey and the Great War (Dorrance, 2017). The first half was published in our Summer 2017 issue. Those who want to see the unedited text (to include appendices, endnotes, illustrations, and tables) can always purchase the book online! We are most grateful to Dr. Connors for allowing us to share his insightful and comprehensive work in this way, and hope you will help us ensure the widest possible dissemination by sharing the very timely piece with your colleagues, students, family, and friends.

Capitalizing patriotism: the Liberty loans of World War I

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Kang ◽  
Hugh Rockoff
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Bond Issues ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
War Effort

Although taxes were raised substantially in the United States during World War I, recourse was had to five bond issues, the famous Liberty loans, to finance the bulk of war expenditures. The Secretary of the Treasury, William Gibbs McAdoo, hoped to create a broad market for the Liberty bonds and to limit their yields by following an aggressive policy of ‘capitalizing patriotism’. He called on everyone from Wall Street bankers to the Boy Scouts to volunteer for campaigns to sell the bonds. The campaigns have become legendary. Some of the nation's best-known artists were recruited to draw posters depicting the contribution to the war effort to be made by buying bonds, and giant bond rallies featuring Hollywood stars were organized. These efforts, however, enjoyed limited success. The yields on the Liberty bonds were kept low mainly by making the bonds tax exempt and by making sure that a large proportion of them were purchased directly or indirectly by the Federal Reserve, turning the Federal Reserve into an engine of inflation. Patriotism proved to be a weak, although not powerless, offset to normal market forces.

Equating Temperance with Patriotism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine N. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Temperance Movement ◽  
Selective Service ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Eighteenth Amendment ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Military Discipline

This chapter examines the consequences of World War I for Minnesota's temperance movement during the period 1916–1919. The specter and, consequently, the reality of military involvement enhanced the tolerance of many Americans toward restrictive liquor laws they would otherwise not have accepted. The chapter considers how the struggle for prohibition became entangled with the United States's looming military efforts in the Great War and how the war provided an opportunity for temperance reformers to fight for the preservation of military discipline in army camps throughout the United States. Reformers insisted that military efficiency could be achieved only through young soldiers' abstinence and purity, an argument that convinced Congress to pass the Hobson-Sheppard bill, the Selective Service Act, and the Lever Food and Fuel Control Act in 1917. In addition, Progressive reformers waged a social purification campaign. In September 1918, Congress passed the National Prohibition Act, which would function as the enforcement act of the Eighteenth Amendment. The period also saw the demise of German Americans' opposition to Minnesota's temperance movement.

The United States and World War I

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Domestic Affairs

World War I profoundly affected the United States. It led to an expansion of America’s permanent military establishment, a foreign policy focused on reforming world politics, and American preeminence in international finance. In domestic affairs, America’s involvement in the war exacerbated class, racial, and ethnic conflict. It also heightened both the ethos of voluntarism in progressive ideology and the progressive desire to step up state intervention in the economy and society. These dual impulses had a coercive thrust that sometimes advanced progressive goals of a more equal, democratic society and sometimes repressed any perceived threat to a unified war effort. Ultimately the combination of progressive and repressive coercion undermined support for the Democratic Party, shifting the nation’s politics in a conservative direction as it entered the 1920s.

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