scholarly journals Pavel Dubec: Syntactic and FSP Factors of the Existential Construction in Norwegian

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Leona Rohrauer
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Yahya Abdu A. Mobarki

Abstract The grammaticalization framework has been suggested as a predictive power for language change. This paper considers the grammatical functions of the locative construction fi(ih) in the Gulf Arabic Pidgin (a variety spoken by workers from the Indian subcontinent and south Asian countries working in the Arabian/Persian Gulf States). In Gulf Arabic, there are (1) the preposition fi ‘in; into; inside’ and (2) the locative construction fi(ih) ‘there is/are’, which only has an existential function. In Gulf Arabic Pidgin, the locative construction fi(ih), however, has several grammatical functions, including (1) a possessive marker (i.e., have-constructions), (2) an equative/predicative copula, and (3) a preverbal predicative marker. The aim in this paper is two-fold: first, to show how a grammaticalization framework can possibly account for the grammatical innovations of fi(ih) in the Gulf Arabic Pidgin; and second, to suggest that these grammatical innovations might be the results of an ongoing grammaticalization process of LOCATIVE>TMA/PROGRESSIVE. Earlier studies conducted on this pidgin serve as data sources for this project.


Diachronica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Migge

Summary It is generally assumed that the copulas (d/n)a and de in the creoles of Suriname emerged due to processes of reanalysis and grammaticalization from that and there, respectively. While Arends (1989) argued that these processes were triggered and guided by substrate influence, McWhorter (1997a) explicitly excludes such influence. Neither of the two studies is conclusive, however, since they did not examine in sufficient detail relevant data from the primary substrate input. The aim of the present study is to fill this gap by exploring in detail the copular domain in the Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), a conservative descendant of the early Suriname Creole, and its main input languages, the varieties of Gbe and Kikongo. The comparative analysis reveals close similarities between the three languages. When combined with findings from diachronic research (Arends 1986, 1989), these finding suggests that the overall make-up of the copular domain emerged due to influence from the primary substrate input, particularly from Gbe. The main functional and distributional properties of (d/n)a were modeled on the demonstrative pronoun that functioning as a resumptive pronoun in non-native varieties of English and on the focus markers in the substrate languages. Those of de were based on the non-nominal copulas in the substrate varieties and on the locative adverb there in existential construction. Subsequent to their emergence, they were affected by language-internal change. Résumé On accepte en général l’idée que les copules (d/n)a et de dans les créoles du Suriname se sont développées à la suite d’un processus de réanalyse et de grammaticalisation du pronom démonstratif anglais that et de l’adverbe locatif there. Arends (1989) propose que ces processus ont été provoqués et guidés par le substrat principal du créole. Par contre, McWhorter (1997a) nie que le substrat ait influencé l’émergence des deux copules. Les résultats de ces deux études ne sont probablement pas tout à fait définitifs, vu que leurs analyses du substrat n’étaient pas suffisamment détaillées. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser l’origine de (d/n)a et de en faisant une analyse comparative détaillée de la prédication en Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), un descendant du créole ancien du Suriname, et dans le substrat principal de ce créole ancien, notamment les variétés de la langue gbe et de la langue kikongo. L’enquête montre qu’il y a des ressemblances importantes entre les trois langues. En conjonction avec les données diachroniques (Arends 1986, 1989), les résultats de l’étude comparative montrent que l’organisation structurelle de la prédication dans les créoles surinamien est calquée sur celle du substrat, essentiellement les langues gbe. Les propriétés fonctionnelles et distributives de (d/n)a sont dues au pronom démonstratif anglais that dans sa fonction comme marqueur d’emphase dans les variétés d’anglais seconde langue et les particules d’emphase dans les variétés de gbe et de kikongo. Celles de de sont dues à celles de la copule non-nominale dans les langue du substrat et de l’adverbe locatif there. Après leur émergence ces éléments ont été modifiés par des processus de changement langagier ne mettant pas en cause le substrat. Zusammenfassung Es wird generell angenommen, dass sich die Kopulas (d/n)a und de in den Kreolsprachen von Suriname durch Reanalyse- und Grammatikalisierungsprozesse von dem englischen Demonstrativpronomen that und dem Adverb there her entwickelt haben. Arends (1989) argumentiert, dass diese Prozesse durch Substrateinflüsse in Gang gesetzt und geleitet worden sind, wohingegen McWhorter (1997a) die Beteiligung von Substrateinflüssen explizit ausschließt. Die Ergebnisse dieser beiden Studien können jedoch nicht als abschließend betrachtet werden, da sie auf einer nicht sehr detaillierten Analyse der Substratsprachen basieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es daher, durch einen Vergleich der Kopuladomäne im Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), eine konservative Tochtersprache des frühen Plantagenkreols von Suriname, und den Hauptsubstratsprachen, Varietäten des Gbe und Kikongo, den Ursprung der Kopuladomäne in den surinamesischen Kreols erneut zu untersuchen. Die komparative Analyse zeigt, dass signifikante Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Kopulasystemen der drei Sprachen bestehen. Kombiniert mit den Ergebnissen einer diachronen Studie (Arends 1986, 1989), deuten diese Ähnlichkeiten darauf hin, dass die Struktur der prädikativen Konstruktionen durch den Einfluss der Substratsprachen, insbesondere des Gbe, entstanden sind. Die funktionellen und distributionellen Charakteristika von (d/n)a basieren auf denen des Demonstrativpronomens that in seiner Funktion als Fokusmarker in Zweitsprachvarietäten des Englischen und denen der Fokusmarker in den Substratsprachen. Die Charakteristika von de basieren auf denen der nicht-nominalen Kopula in den Substratsprachen und dem Adverb there. Einige wenige Charakteristika von (d/n)a und de entstanden durch sprachinternen Wandel.


2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190
Author(s):  
Piotr Twardzisz

The focus of my analysis is the so-called existential construction. The languages examined are English, Swedish and Icelandic. The present article assumes the perspective of Ronald W. Langacker's cognitive grammar as the theoretical background. First of all, the assumption is that the unstressed, initial pronoun there, or its Scandinavian equivalents, are semantically definable as abstract-setting subjects of their respective sentences, with, possibly, the exception of Icelandic það. Secondly, the conceptualization of the existential scenes in the three languages is a dynamic process in each case. The dynamicity of the semantics of existential scenes is the result of assuming two planes, the actual and a virtual one, and establishing correspondences between them. The actual plane reflects our direct apprehension of reality. A virtual plane consists in the dynamic re-assignment of roles to the actual elements introduced by means of the virtual abstract-setting subject.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Haiying Wu ◽  
Ye Liang ◽  
Liling Tian

This study applies conceptual blending and grammatical blending to analyze the meaning and structure construction of the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential construction in Chinese. We found that the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential sentences is the result of conceptual integration and grammatical blending of two subevents with basic grammatical structure of NP1+Vt+NP2 and NP2+Vi respectively. By discussing process of semantic construction and syntactic realization, we derive that the structure of existential sentences is integrated by the input spaces of "the existing object exists (or lies on some status)" and "somewhere exists something". It can concludes that the emergent meaning is "somewhere exists the existing object lying on some status" through analyzing the blending characters. This proves that conceptual integration and grammatical blending theories are animate and have mighty explanatory power in this specific linguistic phenomenon.


Author(s):  
Luis Alonso-Ovalle ◽  
Junko Shimoyama

Most work on modal indefinites has focused on a small sample of languages, and has therefore provided only a limited picture of the cross-linguistic empirical landscape within this domain. Although much progress has been made in trying to determine the properties along which modal indefinites can vary, the development of a semantically based typology of modal indefinites (and of modal expressions more generally) will benefit from the consideration of data from a broader sample of languages. This chapter situates the properties of a Japanese existential construction (the so-called wh-ka indeterminates) in the broader typology of modal indefinites by taking into consideration some of the parameters of variation that have been discussed in the literature.


Author(s):  
Ileana Paul

AbstractThis article discusses the existential construction in Malagasy, focussing on the distribution and interpretation of nominals. It is argued that the existential construction involves the raising of specific NPs out of the small clause complement of the existential verb misy. Nonspecific NPs, on the other hand, are shown to remain within the complement. That raising correlates with interpretation provides evidence in favour of the Mapping Hypothesis of Diesing (1992). Although the syntactic analysis accounts for the specific/nonspecific distribution in the existential construction, it leaves unexplained the precise interpretation of the specific NP, which may be either partitive, possessive, or locative. This article therefore argues for a relation, PARTITIVE, which unites these three readings.


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