scholarly journals Indonesia dalam Pusaran Politik Energi Global

2018 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Angga Nurdin Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Strategic Issue

Energy emerges as a strategic issue as industrial countries begin to strive to increase their economic growth. This condition is related to the need for source, distribution and price of guaranteed energy sources. The achievement of these conditions will not be easy because the must compete each other for energy accsess. However, for developing countries with considerable energy reserves this condition leads them in two situations where the first will be a bargaining power that leads to the achievement of national interests and on the other hand will be a curse that makes them an object of exploitation of advanced industrial countries. Referring to these conditions Indonesia is a country with a lot of resources. Therefore, this paper describes the dynamics of global energy politics and how Indonesia should take advantage of the opportunity of the dynamics of global energy politics.Keywords: global energy politics, industrial countries, Indonesia

scholarly journals Indonesia dalam Pusaran Politik Energi Global

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Angga Nurdin Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Strategic Issue

Energy emerges as a strategic issue as industrial countries begin to strive to increase their economic growth. This condition is related to the need for source, distribution and price of guaranteed energy sources. The achievement of these conditions will not be easy because the must compete each other for energy accsess. However, for developing countries with considerable energy reserves this condition leads them in two situations where the first will be a bargaining power that leads to the achievement of national interests and on the other hand will be a curse that makes them an object of exploitation of advanced industrial countries. Referring to these conditions Indonesia is a country with a lot of resources. Therefore, this paper describes the dynamics of global energy politics and how Indonesia should take advantage of the opportunity of the dynamics of global energy politics.Keywords: global energy politics, industrial countries, Indonesia

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

Investments and Risk Transfers

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Baldenius ◽  
Beatrice Michaeli
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Incomplete Contracting ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Division Managers

ABSTRACT We demonstrate a novel link between relationship-specific investments and risk in a setting where division managers operate under moral hazard and collaborate on joint projects. Specific investments increase efficiency at the margin. This expands the scale of operations and thereby adds to the compensation risk borne by the managers. Accounting for this investment/risk link overturns key findings from prior incomplete contracting studies. We find that if the investing manager has full bargaining power vis-à-vis the other manager, he will underinvest relative to the benchmark of contractible investments; with equal bargaining power, however, he may overinvest. The reason is that the investing manager internalizes only his own share of the investment-induced risk premium (we label this a “risk transfer”), whereas the principal internalizes both managers' incremental risk premia. We show that high pay-performance sensitivity (PPS) reduces the managers' incentives to invest in relationship-specific assets. The optimal PPS, thus, trades off investment and effort incentives.

Global energy politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-580
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lyra
Keyword(s):  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Politics

scholarly journals Axiomatic Results for Weighted Allocation Rules under Multiattribute Situations

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Liao
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Type ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Interactive Environments ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Other Hand

In many interactive environments, operators may have to deal with different work objectives at the same time. In a realistic context, such as differences in the target type to be addressed, or changes in the behavior of other operators, operators may therefore have to cope with by adopting different work levels (strategies) at any given time. On the other hand, the importance or influence brought by operators may vary depending on many subjective and objective factors, such as the size of the constituency represented by a congressman, and the bargaining power of a business personnel which may vary. Therefore, it is reasonable that weights are apportioned to operators and arbitrary usability should be distributed according to these weights under various working levels and multiattribute situations. In pre-existing results for allocation rules, weights might be always apportioned to the “operators” or the “levels” to modify the differences among the operators or its working levels respectively. By applying weights to the operators and its working levels (strategies) simultaneously, we adopt the maximal marginal variations among working level (strategy) vectors to propose an allocation rule under multiattribute situations. Furthermore, we introduce some axiomatic outcomes to display the rationality for this weighted allocation rule. By replacing weights to be maximal marginal variations, a generalized index is also introduced.

The Agreement between Greece and Italy on the Delimitation of their Respective Maritime Zones: An Italian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Marina Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Mediterranean

In 2020 Greece and Italy concluded a maritime delimitation agreement, extending the already-established boundary line between their respective continental shelf areas to the other maritime areas to which they are entitled under international law. The Greek authorities hailed the agreement as a great success, stressing that it fully reflects their position vis-à-vis maritime delimitation in the Mediterranean and it meets their national interests in the Ionian Sea. This article critically analyzes the agreement, in the light of various recent events, and it finds that it serves Italian interests too. In particular, the 2020 Italo-Greek agreement furthers Italy’s growing interest in delimiting the maritime zones to which it is entitled under international law, so as to prevent its rights and jurisdiction over them being impaired by the proclamation of overlapping zones by its neighbours. It also sets the stage for future proclamation by Italy of an EEZ covering the waters adjacent to its territorial sea in the Ionian Sea.

Global Energy Sources and Present Energy Scenario

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anand Ramanathan ◽  
Babu Dharmalingam ◽  
Vinoth Thangarasu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Scenario

scholarly journals Foreign investment activities of Chinese companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Antevski ◽  
Sanja Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Strategic Assets ◽  
Investment Capital

Chinese investments abroad have recorded high growth rates in the last decade, but its scope is still small in comparison to those of developed industrial countries. The state plays a key role in its encouragement and support directly and indirectly. Large state corporations are the biggest investors abroad, somewhere investments of Chinese private companies dominate, e.g. in Africa. There is a great geographic dispersion of investment flows, while the highest concentration is in developing countries. The main drivers of investment capital are trade, energy sources, natural resources, infrastructure projects and acquisition of strategic assets. These drivers are often are combined from two or more ones which are mutually supportive.

scholarly journals Chinese Interests in Pakistan: A Study in Regional Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Saira Bano
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Perspective

The present study is an effort to analyze the mode and intensity of Chinese interests in Pakistan. By examining the policy of pursuit in finding another market in the region, the study aims to understand the current warmth of the relationship between China and Pakistan. Although maintaining a perpetually friendly relationship with China has always been a cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy, yet strengthening this relationship into a structured partnership remained a gradual process in the light of their mutual interests. In the politics of international relations, the relationship between countries is a complex interaction of pragmatic national interests, which are multifaceted and could take an alternate course with changing regional and international scenarios. As both Pakistan and China share many common political, economic and strategic interests due to which both are giving their utmost priority to protect their interests related to the other. This paper will investigate the situation where it is commonly believed that China is inevitable by avoiding the vice-versa. No doubt common threats and challenges faced by both the nation is the major cause to unite them in terms of security, political, economic and strategic fronts.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

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