scholarly journals Pedunculopontine Nucleus--Rapid Eye Movement Sleep--Electroencephalogram--Desynchronization (PRED) Axis in the Evolution of Epilepsy: A Novel Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harinder Jaseja
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Concept

Epilepsy is one of the commonest and oldest neurological diseases in the history of mankind, the exact pathophysiology of the evolution of which still remains elusive. The intimate and intriguing relation between epilepsy and sleep has been known for a long time. Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is well documented to exert potent antiepileptic action in human epilepsies and the underlying mechanism of which is largely based on its property to induce widespread electroencephalogram (EEG)-desynchronization. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) owing to its property to enhance REMS has recently been under study for its potential role in intractable epilepsy (IE) and has been proposed as a novel deep brain stimulation target in IE. This brief paper unfolds the existing role of PPN, REMS, and EEG-desynchronization (PRED) in the evolution of epilepsy in an axial manner, the realization and comprehension of which is likely to open new avenues for further understanding of epileptogenesis, improved treatment of epilepsy and reducing the risk of IE.

Pregnancy-associated sleep changes in the rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. R1063-R1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimura ◽  
S. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Before And After

Sleep disorder during the course of pregnancy has been recently recognized in humans. However, the underlying mechanism of pregnancy-associated sleep disorder remains undetermined, and sleep changes even during normal pregnancy have not been fully understood. To describe the effects of pregnancy on sleep, sleep-wake patterns before and after fertile mating were compared in an animal model. Baseline recordings of sleep and brain temperature were made throughout a normal 4-day estrous cycle in female rats. After the rats became pregnant, the recordings continued across the entire pregnant period. Compared with baseline sleep before mating, both non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep increased significantly from the first night of pregnancy. Although rapid eye movement sleep returned to the baseline level from midpregnancy, nocturnal non-rapid eye movement sleep stayed enhanced during the entire pregnant period. Daytime sleep fluctuated toward the end of pregnancy. Brain temperature was elevated during the early period of pregnancy but did not correlate with enhanced sleep. The results suggest that physiological changes in different stages of pregnancy may contribute to the regulation of maternal sleep and temperature.

832 Dose-Dependent Quetiapine-Induced Somnambulism and Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A324-A324
Author(s):  
Tuyet Pham ◽  
Sonal Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Quantity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction Parasomnias are abnormal sleep-related movements that can occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, or transition of sleep. The prevalence of parasomnias in young children ranges from 9–40% which may be underestimated as this relies on parental recall. There are multiple reported cases of pharmacologically-induced parasomnias. Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication associated with somnambulism and sleep-related eating disorder. Report of case(s) A 9-year-old female with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic-stress disorder, depression, and sexual abuse during childhood presented to the Sleep Medicine Clinic for two years of worsened sleepwalking and sleep eating. Her medications included Methylphenidate, Quetiapine, Clonidine, and Duloxetine. She has had parasomnias since she was 3-years-old, initially presenting as abnormal sleeping positions (standing or sitting). She was initiated on Seroquel at 4-years-old, but parasomnias worsened over the last two years when Quetiapine was increased from 50 mg to 200 mg for behavioral and mood issues. Her somnambulism began to occur nightly. The family was required to remove all items from her bedroom except for the bed to prevent major injuries. She also had significant changes to her eating habit: she would eat two to three times her normal quantity as well as eating while asleep. The family would find her eating ice cream, chips, grapes, cold tortillas, or anything she was able to access. Fortunately, she did not consume raw meat or other frozen foods. The child did not have any recollection of eating at night. Psychiatry worked with her to cross-taper Quetiapine and Topiramate. At the lower dose of Quetiapine, she had exacerbation of her mood symptoms, paranoia, and insomnia; therefore, Topiramate was discontinued and Quetiapine was titrated to 150 mg with improvement in mood symptoms, insomnia, and resolution of sleep-related eating disorder. She continues to have somnambulism. Conclusion This case illustrates that quetiapine-induced somnambulism and sleep-related eating disorder can be dose-dependent; thus, important for clinicians to educate patients and/or family members of adverse effects while titrating quetiapine. Support (if any):

Effect of Sleep State and Position on the Incidence of Obstructive and Central Apnea in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-835
Author(s):  
William C. Orr ◽  
Monte L. Stahl ◽  
James Duke ◽  
Mary Anne McCaffree ◽  
Paul Toubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Central Apnea ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence

Sixty-four infants with a history of apnea were studied to determine the effects of sleeping position and sleep state (rapid eye movement [REM]) v (nonrapid eye movement [NREM]) on the occurrence of central and obstructive apneas. All-night polysomnographic studies were conducted on each infant, and the spontaneous occurrence of central and obstructive apneic events was determined in the prone, supine, and side positions. Sleeping position did not significantly affect the rate or duration of central or obstructive apneas. Furthermore, neither central nor obstructive apneic episodes were significantly altered by sleep state. These data suggest that, in spite of an ostensible predisposition to upper airway obstruction in the supine position and during rapid eye movement sleep, neither sleeping position nor sleep state appears to affect the rate of duration of apneic events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document