scholarly journals Template for the description of cell-based toxicological test methods to allow evaluation and regulatory use of the data_suppl

ALTEX ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Toxicological Test

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Systematic Review Framework to the Assessment of Toxicological Test Methods: Challenges and Lessons Learned With the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Martin L Stephens ◽  
Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez ◽  
Sebastian Hoffmann ◽  
Rob de Vries ◽  
Burkhard Flick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Toxicological Test

AbstractSystematic review methodology is a means of addressing specific questions through structured, consistent, and transparent examinations of the relevant scientific evidence. This methodology has been used to advantage in clinical medicine, and is being adapted for use in other disciplines. Although some applications to toxicology have been explored, especially for hazard identification, the present preparatory study is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to adapt it to the assessment of toxicological test methods. As our test case, we chose the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) for developmental toxicity and its mammalian counterpart, the standard mammalian prenatal development toxicity study, focusing the review on how well the ZET predicts the presence or absence of chemical-induced prenatal developmental toxicity observed in mammalian studies. An interdisciplinary team prepared a systematic review protocol and adjusted it throughout this piloting phase, where needed. The final protocol was registered and will guide the main study (systematic review), which will execute the protocol to comprehensively answer the review question. The goal of this preparatory study was to translate systematic review methodology to the assessment of toxicological test method performance. Consequently, it focused on the methodological issues encountered, whereas the main study will report substantive findings. These relate to numerous systematic review steps, but primarily to searching and selecting the evidence. Applying the lessons learned to these challenges can improve not only our main study, but may also be helpful to others seeking to use systematic review methodology to compare toxicological test methods. We conclude with a series of recommendations that, if adopted, would help improve the quality of the published literature, and make conducting systematic reviews of toxicological studies faster and easier over time.

Resources for Developing Reliable and Reproducible In Vitro Toxicological Test Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah J. Petersen ◽  
Vytautas Reipa ◽  
Menghang Xia ◽  
Monita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Toxicological Test

Laboratory proficiency in susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori using agar dilution and E test methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A586-A587
Author(s):  
L BEST ◽  
S JO ◽  
V VANZANTEN ◽  
D HALDANE ◽  
V LOO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Agar Dilution

Scientific and Standardization Committee Communications Comparison of Test Methods for the Lupus Anticoagulant: International Survey on Lupus Anticoagulants-I (ISLA-1)

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Exner ◽  
Douglas A Triplett ◽  
David A Taberner ◽  
Margaret A Howard ◽  
E Nigel Harris
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time ◽  
Induced Defects

SummarySix lyophilized plasma samples were sent to 20 “expert” laboratories for assessment of lupus anticoagulant (LA). Four samples contained pooled LA of graded potency mixed with aged normal plasma. One contained LA plus cephalin phospholipid and one contained a nonspecific venom anticoagulant. Sixteen methods were used overall with some participants using up to 8 methods. Results were scored in regard to the known potencies of LA in the samples and other known induced defects.Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests used by most participants for preliminary screening were relatively sensitive, but non-specific. Platelet or phospholipid neutralization procedures (PNP) appeared to be sensitive and specific but showed a non-linear response to increased LA content. Kaolin clotting time (KCT) tests showed the most sensitive response to increased LA content but the weaker LA were not scored as abnormal by most laboratories as the samples may have contained platelet fragments. Other commonly used tests such as the tissue thromboplastin inhibition (TTI) test and the dilute Russell’s viper venom test (DRVVT) were carried out somewhat inconsistently. The variability in performance of tests in different laboratories indicates that standardization of methodology is urgently required.Generally it seemed that most clotting tests were “bypassed” by the addition of phospholipid to a known LA-positive sample in apparently direct proportion to their sensitivity. Sample preparation, especially prevention of contamination with activated platelets is a vital preliminary part in the assay of LA.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

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