scholarly journals Options of the Organization of the Inter-Regional Innovative Oil and Gas and Chemical Cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Igor Beilin ◽  

A general characteristic of innovative territorial clusters of federal significance in the field of oil and gas processing and petrochemistry is given. All of them are located in the Volga Federal District, which ranks first in the country in terms of the number of participants in innovative activities. Based on the study of the structure of oil and gas processing in the Volga Federal District, an assumption was made that the interregional innovative oil refining cluster will be more economically efficient than the regional one due to the development of intra-cluster competition and synergistic effects of mutually beneficial interregional management, which are absent in a cluster located on the territory of one region. On the basis of simplex optimization methods, options for organizing interregional innovation clusters in the field of oil and gas processing and petrochemistry are presented

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Nina Anatolievna Pronko ◽  
Anastasia Sergeevna Krasheninnikova

The paper presents the data on the situation of the oil and gas complex of the Saratov region. It is shown that the Saratov region is a promising region for hydrocarbon production and one of the leaders in the Volga Federal district, since 85 % of the territory is occupied by oil and gas-promising lands. The structure of the oil and gas complex and the dynamics of production of hydrocarbons in the region are presented in the article. The paper describes the indicators of the oil and gas complex, background accident risks that determine environmental pollution. The results of monitoring the pollution of the territory of the largest in Europe Stepnovsky gas storage facility, created on the basis of the Stepnovsky oil and gas processing enterprise, which operated from 1953 to 1973, are given. It is proved that during the production and storage of hydrocarbons at this enterprise, there was a strong pollution of the soil with oil and petroleum products, so their content reaches 1527 mg/kg of soil in the upper half-meter layer, and 2060 mg/kg of soil in the second half-meter. The content of plumbum and copper in the soil is 3.3 and 2.3 times higher above the background values for dark chestnut soils. The accumulation of a significant amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons (C1-C10) in the subsurface air from 25.97 mg/m3 to 38.17 mg/m3 is proved. It is shown that the extraction and storage of hydrocarbons at the Stepnovsky enterprise did not lead to a deterioration of the sanitary and microbiological condition of the studied soil.


Author(s):  
Ирина Олеговна Краевская

Введение. Рассматриваются основные структурно-грамматические характеристики терминов отрасли «Нефтегазопереработка» на материале русского языка. Неизученность и неупорядоченность терминосистемы данной отрасли актуализируют настоящее исследование. На сегодняшний день очистка сырой нефти и природного газа является перспективным направлением не только в России, но и в других странах, добывающих данные ресурсы, поскольку от эффективности процессов переработки зависит качество получаемых нефте- и газопродуктов. Более полное понимание структуры терминов данной сферы оказывает положительное влияние на становление русскоязычной научной картины мира, а также повышает уровень компетентности отечественных переводчиков. Цель статьи – выявление закономерностей синтаксического образования терминов ранее не изучавшейся сферы. Для этого требуется рассмотреть частеречную принадлежность компонентов, входящих в состав терминов, и описать структурные модели. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужило учебное пособие Г. В. Тараканова «Основные термины в нефтегазопереработке. Краткий справочник», а также диссертация Е. Б. Кривцова «Превращения сернистых соединений и ароматических углеводородов дизельных фракций нефтей в процессах окислительного обессеривания», книга Л. Н. Багдасарова «Популярная нефтепереработка», работа «Исследование состояния и перспектив направлений переработки нефти и газа, нефте- и газохимии в РФ». Основу методологии составляет традиционное терминоведение. Результаты и обсуждение. В исследуемой терминосистеме выявлено 15 моделей, среди которых одна однословная модель, пять двухсловных, шесть трехсловных и три четырехсловных. Наиболее частотны однословные термины-существительные и двухсловные терминологические сочетания, построенные по модели «Adj + N». Трехсловные и четырехсловные термины образуются на базе двухсловных словосочетаний. Заключение. Наблюдается прямая зависимость продуктивности структурных моделей образования терминов от процессов синтаксического словообразования общенационального языка. Несмотря на большое количество полисемичных терминов в исследуемой сфере, представляется возможным отметить тенденцию к конкретизации семантики за счет ввода компонентов-атрибутов в структуру терминов. Находящаяся на стыке нескольких наук терминология отрасли «Нефтегазопереработка» движется от краткости терминов к их точности. Introduction. The paper focuses on the main structural and grammatical characteristics of the “Oil and Gas Processing” industry terms based on the material of the Russian language. The “Oil and Gas Processing” term system low exploration degree and disordering update the current study. Today, the refining of crude oil and natural gas is a promising area not only in Russia but also in other countries that extract these resources, since the quality of oil and gas products depends on the refining processes efficiency. A more complete understanding of the structure of terms in this field has a positive impact on the formation of the Russian-language scientific picture of the world, and also improves the professional qualities of domestic translators. Aim and objectives. The current paper aims to reveal the patterns of terms syntactic formation of a previously unexplored sphere. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consider the content word of the term components and describe the structural models. Material and methods. The materials for research are “Basic terms in oil and gas processing. Brief reference book” by Gennadiy Tarakanov, “Transformations of sulfur compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons of oils diesel fractions in the processes of oxidative desulfurization” by Evgeniy Krivtsov, “Popular oil refining” by Leonid Bagdasarov, “Study of the state and prospects of oil and gas refining, oil and gas chemistry in the Russian Federation”. Traditional terminology studies form a methodology basis. Results and discussion. We identify 15 models in the studied term system. There are 1 one-word model, 5 twoword, 6 three-word, and 3 four-word ones. Single-word nouns and two-word terminological combinations constructed according to the “Adj + N” model are the most frequent. Three-word and four-word terms are formed based on twoword phrases. Conclusion. The productivity of term structure models directly depends on the syntactic word-formation processes of a national language. Despite a large number of polysemic terms in the studied field, it seems possible to note a tendency toward the concretization of semantics by complexing the term structure with attributes. The Oil and Gas Processing industry has adapted terms from several sciences, but now its terminology moves from the shortness of terms to their accuracy.


2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Weilgart

Ocean noise pollution is of special concern for cetaceans, as they are highly dependent on sound as their principal sense. Sound travels very efficiently underwater, so the potential area impacted can be thousands of square kilometres or more. The principal anthropogenic noise sources are underwater explosions (nuclear and otherwise), shipping, seismic exploration by mainly the oil and gas industries, and naval sonar operations. Strandings and mortalities of especially beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) have in many cases been conclusively linked to noise events such as naval maneuvers involving tactical sonars or seismic surveys, though other cetacean species may also be involved. The mechanisms behind this mortality are still unknown, but are most likely related to gas and fat emboli at least partially mediated by a behavioral response, such as a change in diving pattern. Estimated received sound levels in these events are typically not high enough to cause hearing damage, implying that the auditory system may not always be the best indicator for noise impacts. Beaked whales are found in small, possibly genetically isolated, local populations that are resident year-round. Thus, even transient and localized acoustic impacts can have prolonged and serious population consequences, as may have occurred following at least one stranding. Populations may also be threatened by noise through reactions such as increased stress levels, abandonment of important habitat, and “masking” or the obscuring of natural sounds. Documented changes in vocal behavior may lead to reductions in foraging efficiency or mating opportunities. Responses are highly variable between species, age classes, behavioral states, etc., making extrapolations problematic. Also, short-term responses may not be good proxies of long-term population-level impacts. There are many examples of apparent tolerance of noise by cetaceans, however. Noise can also affect cetaceans indirectly through their prey. Fish show permanent and temporary hearing loss, reduced catch rates, stress, and behavioral reactions to noise. Management implications of noise impacts include difficulties in establishing “safe” exposure levels, shortcomings of some mitigation tools, the need for precaution in the form of reducing noise levels and distancing noise from biologically important areas, and the role of marine protected areas and monitoring in safeguarding cetaceans especially from cumulative and synergistic effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Shebeko ◽  
Yu. N. Shebeko ◽  
A. V. Zuban

Introduction. GOST R 12.3.047-2012 standard offers a methodology for determination of required fire resistance limits of engineering structures. This methodology is based on a comparison of values of the fire resistance limit and the equivalent fire duration. However, in practice incidents occur when, in absence of regulatory fire resistance requirements, a facility owner, who has relaxed the fire resistance requirements prescribed by GOST R 12.3.047–2012, is ready to accept its potential loss in fire for economic reasons. In this case, one can apply the probability of safe evacuation and rescue to compare distributions of fire resistance limits, on the one hand, and evacuation and rescue time, on the other hand.A methodology for the identification of required fire resistance limits. The probabilistic method for the identification of required fire resistance limits, published in work [1], was tested in this study. This method differs from the one specified in GOST R 12.3.047-2012. The method is based on a comparison of distributions of such random values, as the estimated time of evacuation or rescue in case of fire at a production facility and fire resistance limits for engineering structures.Calculations of required fire resistance limits. This article presents a case of application of the proposed method to the rescue of people using the results of full-scale experiments, involving a real pipe rack at a gas processing plant [2].Conclusions. The required fire resistance limits for pipe rack structures of a gas processing plant were identified. The calculations took account of the time needed to evacuate and rescue the personnel, as well as the pre-set reliability of structures, given that the personnel evacuation and rescue time in case of fire is identified in an experiment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichuan Kang ◽  
Liping Sun ◽  
Xinyuan Geng ◽  
Peng Jin

Author(s):  
Griffin Beck ◽  
Melissa Poerner ◽  
Kevin Hoopes ◽  
Sandeep Verma ◽  
Garud Sridhar ◽  
...  

Hydraulic fracturing treatments are used to produce oil and gas reserves that would otherwise not be accessible using traditional production techniques. Fracturing treatments require a significant amount of water, which has an associated environmental impact. In recent work funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), an alternative fracturing process has been investigated that uses natural gas as the primary fracturing fluid. In the investigated method, a high-pressure foam of natural gas and water is used for fracturing, a method than could reduce water usage by as much as 80% (by volume). A significant portion of the work focused on identifying and optimizing a mobile processing facility that can be used to pressurize natural gas sourced from adjacent wells or nearby gas processing plants. This paper discusses some of the evaluated processes capable of producing a high-pressure (10,000 psia) flow of natural gas from a low-pressure source (500 psia). The processes include five refrigeration cycles producing liquefied natural gas as well as a cycle that directly compresses the gas. The identified processes are compared based on their specific energy as calculated from a thermodynamic analysis. Additionally, the processes are compared based on the estimated equipment footprint and the process safety. Details of the thermodynamic analyses used to compare the cycles are provided. This paper also discusses the current state of the art of foam fracturing methods and reviews the advantages of these techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (68) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A. Gumerov ◽  
G. Sidorov ◽  
R. Musaeva

In the oil and gas industry, bottom sediments are deposited in reservoirs, which reduce the efficiency of oil refining. The optimal yield of light oil products during primary oil refining was considered. To achieve high energy efficiency, it is necessary to compound the oil in the tank using agitators. The available propeller agitators are considered, and their shortcomings are revealed. The disadvantages include: high repair costs, the presence of an electric motor that increases the fire hazard of production, the occurrence of axial loads as a result of rotation and clogging of impurities in the propeller blades. A jet mixer can compensate for the disadvantages of propeller agitators. The simulation was performed using the ANSYS CFX software package. Models have been developed for: cyclic mixing; mixing with a propeller agitator; mixing with a jet agitator. A strength calculation was performed with the ANSYS-Static Structural module with imported data from ANSYS CFX for the propeller and jet agitator. It is revealed that the jet mixer, with its simple design and operation in comparison with other compounding methods, allows to achieve better mixing and lower loads on the tank.


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