scholarly journals IS IT POSSIBLE TO ASSESS PERSONALITY TRAITS BY MEANS OF LÜSCHER TEST?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
K V Sugonyaev
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Stability Estimates ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Color Version ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Test Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Call

Despite 70-year history of 8-color version of the Lüscher Test there are surprisingly few empirical data so far confirming its reliability and validity. The current study aimed to fill this gap. Construct validity of popular scores of the test (ranks of color’s choices and some derivative indexes) was investigated by means of their comparison with supposedly relevant personality trait scores measured by some questionnaires. In five student’s and three military samples (Ntotal = 6643) we could not reveal any consistent evidence of a link between color preferences and the personality traits. Temporary stability of Lüscher Test scores was investigated in four samples by a total number of 1067 subjects. Stability estimates at different modes of the test administration are amounted to r = 0,319–0,473, that is quite insufficient for reliable assessment of personality traits. The results obtained are considered as evidence of uselessness of the Lüscher Test application in high stake context. Also our data call into question a validity of popular systems of interpretations of color preferences, at least in terms of personality traits.

scholarly journals The Route to the USMLE: The Shibboleth of Modern Medical Licensure

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Howard Wainer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Medical Licensing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Licensing Examination ◽  
Multiple Choice Exam ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT The formal licensing of physicians in the United States began with the 1889 Supreme Court Decision Dent v. West Virginia. From that time forward, tests, in one form or another, have played a crucial role in medical licensing. In this essay we trace the history of testing from its beginnings in Xia dynasty China, 4000 years ago, though its adoption for the Indian civil service system by the British Raj, and finally ending with the 1992 introduction of the modern United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). The focus here is on the most important development in testing since the Jesuits introduced written exams to the West in 1599 — the substitution of a large number of objectively scored multiple choice exam questions for a relatively small number of essays or interview questions. This approach provided increased reliability and validity of score, broadened the number of topics that could be addressed, diminished the cost of the exam, allowed results to be calculated almost instantly, and, through the use of computerized test administration, provided the opportunity for tests to be individually tailored for each examinee while maintaining comparability of scores across all examinees.

Transplantation

Cinema, MD ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Eelco F.M. Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Transplant Tourism ◽  
History Of

For many of us the heart is still symbolic of the soul. Therefore, the advent of heart transplantation opened up new avenues for movie plots. The experience of the transplant recipient has captured screenwriters’ attention. Screenwriters are intrigued by the complexity of heart transplantation and, with it, themes based on the centrality of the heart in emotions, the possibility of a donor’s personality traits being transmitted to the recipient, quests to find the donor’s family and cloning organ donors to treat complex disease. Transplant tourism and trafficking are other commonly covered topics. This chapter reviews the history of transplantation and connects it with its cinematic representations– from horrific to compassionate.

scholarly journals Southern Agriculture in an Era of Expanding Exports

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
High Stake ◽  
History Of

Exports have played an important role in the history of southern agriculture. C. E. Bishop noted more than two decades ago that “southern agriculture has a high stake in international trade.” In recent years, the effects of exports on the southern region have become even more pervasive. Rudd was recently led to observe that “the shift to a substantially greater involvement and interdependency of agriculture in international trade during the 1970s is perhaps the most far-reaching event of [that] decade.”

Physical Activity Participation in Older Adults: A Comparison of Competitors, Noncompetitors, and Nonexercisers

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Smith ◽  
Martha Storandt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Sports Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reducing Stress

Histories of competitive sports involvement, health beliefs, reasons for exercising, and personality were compared across three groups of older adults who varied according to involvement in physical activity. Based on questionnaire responses, 246 participants were classified as competitors, noncompetitors. or nonexercisers. Competitors exhibited a lifelong history of sports participation. Although nonexercisers and noncompetitors participated in sports during their childhood and teenage years, their involvement in competition decreased noticeably in their 20s and remained low throughout adulthood. Competitors rated exercise significantly more important than did nonexercisers and non-competitors and had more varied reasons for exercising. Nonexercisers considered reducing stress and improving mood to be less important reasons for exercising than competitors and noncompetitors. All three groups were found to possess high levels of positive and low levels of negative personality traits.

The History of Personnel and Vocational Testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Zickar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocational Testing

Personnel and vocational testing has made a huge impact in public and private organizations by helping organizations choose the best employees for a particular job (personnel testing) and helping individuals choose occupations for which they are best suited (vocational testing). The history of personnel and vocational testing is one in which scientific advances were influenced by historical and technological developments. The first systematic efforts at personnel and vocational testing began during World War I when the US military needed techniques to sort through a large number of applicants in a short amount of time. Techniques of psychological testing had just begun to be developed at around the turn of the 20th century and those techniques were quickly applied to the US military effort. After the war, intelligence and personality tests were used by business organizations to help choose applicants most likely to succeed in their organizations. In addition, when the Great Depression occurred, vocational interest tests were used by government organizations to help the unemployed choose occupations that they might best succeed in. The development of personnel and vocational tests was greatly influenced by the developing techniques of psychometric theory as well as general statistical theory. From the 1930s onward, significant advances in reliability and validity theory provided a framework for test developers to be able to develop tests and validate them. In addition, the civil rights movement within the United States, and particularly the Civil Rights Act of 1964, forced test developers to develop standards and procedures to justify test usage. This legislation and subsequent court cases ensured that psychologists would need to be involved deeply in personnel testing. Finally, testing in the 1990s onward was greatly influenced by technological advances. Computerization helped standardize administration and scoring of tests as well as opening up the possibility for multimedia item formats. The introduction of the internet and web-based testing also provided additional challenges and opportunities.

Differences in personality characteristics between body‐modified and non‐modified individuals: associations with individual personality traits and their possible evolutionary implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Piercing ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Modifications

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Exploring Personality Features in Patients with Affective Disorders and History of Suicide Attempts: A Comparative Study with Their Parents and Control Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Ana Fresán ◽  
Emmanuel Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Personality traits are important candidate predictors of suicidal behavior. Several studies have reported an association between personality/temperament traits and suicidal behavior, suggesting personality traits as intermediary phenotypes related to suicidal behavior. Thus, it is possible that suicide attempts can be accounted for by increased familial rates of risk personality traits. The aim of this work was to evaluate personality traits in affective disorder patients with attempted suicide and to compare them with the personality trait scores of their parents. In addition, ITC scores in the two groups were compared with a healthy control sample. The patients evaluated met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression disorder or dysthymia and had a documented history of suicide attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses of patients and parents were done according to the SCID-I and the personality was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. We analyzed 49 suicide attempt subjects and their parents (n=95) and 89 control subjects. We observed that temperament and character dimensions were similar between patients and their parents (P>0.05). In particular, we observed that high HA and low P, SD, and CO were shared among families. Our study is the first to report that the personality traits of affective disorder patients with a history of attempted suicide are shared between patients and their parents.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale in Turkish Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D İlgüy ◽  
M İlgüy ◽  
S Dinçer ◽  
G Bayirli
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Turkish Patients

We aimed to determine dental anxiety among Turkish patients and assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values and reliability of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). Patients referred to our clinic for dental treatment who had a history of dental anxiety were included in the study. 294 randomly selected patients (mean age 38.8 years) completed a questionnaire combining Corah's DAS and MDAS. They were retested 15 days later. The prevalence of dental anxiety was found to be 9.9% (29/294) for Corah's DAS at the cut-off point ≥ 15 and 8.8% (26/294) for the MDAS at the cut-off point ≥ 19. Both dental anxiety scales gave acceptable sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values at these cut-off points.

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