Metabolic Сhanges of Elite Athletes Body by Adaptation to Altitude Training in Endurance Sports

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Adaptation To Altitude

scholarly journals Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philo U. Saunders ◽  
Laura A. Garvican-Lewis ◽  
Robert F. Chapman ◽  
Julien D. Périard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Improve Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this outcome has become increasingly popular by elite athletes. Furthermore, a series of potential nutrition and hydration interventions may also optimize the adaptation to altered environments. Altitude training was first used to prepare for competition at altitude, and it still is today; however, more often now, elite athletes embark on a series of altitude training camps to try to improve sea-level performance. Similarly, the use of heat acclimation/acclimatization to optimize performance in hot/humid environmental conditions is a common practice by high-level athletes and is well supported in the scientific literature. More recently, the use of heat training to improve exercise capacity in temperate environments has been investigated and appears to have positive outcomes. This consensus statement will detail the use of both heat and altitude training interventions to optimize performance capacities in elite athletes in both normal environmental conditions and extreme conditions (hot and/or high), with a focus on the importance of nutritional strategies required in these extreme environmental conditions to maximize adaptations conducive to competitive performance enhancement.

Antioxidant status of elite athletes remains impaired 2 weeks after a simulated altitude training camp

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Pialoux ◽  
Julien V. Brugniaux ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Training Camp

Is live high–train low altitude training relevant for elite athletes? Flawed analysis from inaccurate data

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 923-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoire P Millet ◽  
Robert F Chapman ◽  
Olivier Girard ◽  
Franck Brocherie
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Low Altitude

Altitude training in endurance running: perceptions of elite athletes and support staff

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Turner ◽  
Barry W Fudge ◽  
Jamie S M Pringle ◽  
Neil S Maxwell ◽  
Alan J Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Endurance Running

scholarly journals High Endurance Elite Athletes Show Age-dependent Lower Levels of Circulating Complements Compared to Low/Moderate Endurance Elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamma Al-Muraikhy ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Alexander S. Dömling ◽  
Ilham Bettahi ◽  
Francesco Donati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Stress Markers

Introduction: Aerobic exercise activates the complement system in the peripheral blood. However, the effect of age and high intensity endurance training on the levels of circulating complements and sassociated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and cellular aging remains unknown.Methods: In this study, serum samples from 79 elite athletes who belong to high (n = 48) and low/moderate (n = 31) endurance sports and two age groups (below 30 years old, n = 53, and above 30 years old, n = 26) were profiled for 14 complements. Linear models were used to assess differences in complements levels between sport and age groups. Spearmann’s correlation was used to assess the relationship among detected complements and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and telomere lengths.Results: High endurance elite athletes exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin complements than their age-matched low/moderate endurance counterparts. Levels of C2, adipsin and C3b/iC3b were positively correlated with most detected complements, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-22 and the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. However, they were negatively correlated with telomere length only in younger elite athletes regardless of their sport groups. Furthermore, high endurance elite athletes showed significantly lower concentrations of C3b/iC3b, C4b, C5, C5a, C1q, C3, C4, factor H and properdin in younger athletes compared to their older counterparts.Conclusion: Our novel data suggest that high endurance elite athletes exhibit age-independent lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin, associated with lower inflammatory, oxidative stress and cellular aging, as well as lower levels of 10 other complements in younger athletes compared to older counterparts. Assessing the effect of various levels of endurance sports on complements-based immune response provides a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.

scholarly journals Metabolic GWAS of elite athletes reveals novel genetically-influenced metabolites associated with athletic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Al-Khelaifi ◽  
Ilhame Diboun ◽  
Francesco Donati ◽  
Francesco Botrè ◽  
David Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Common Variant ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractGenetic research of elite athletic performance has been hindered by the complex phenotype and the relatively small effect size of the identified genetic variants. The aims of this study were to identify genetic predisposition to elite athletic performance by investigating genetically-influenced metabolites that discriminate elite athletes from non-elite athletes and to identify those associated with endurance sports. By conducting a genome wide association study with high-resolution metabolomics profiling in 490 elite athletes, common variant metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) were identified and compared with previously identified mQTLs in non-elite athletes. Among the identified mQTLs, those associated with endurance metabolites were determined. Two novel genetic loci in FOLH1 and VNN1 are reported in association with N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate and Linoleoyl ethanolamide, respectively. When focusing on endurance metabolites, one novel mQTL linking androstenediol (3alpha, 17alpha) monosulfate and SULT2A1 was identified. Potential interactions between the novel identified mQTLs and exercise are highlighted. This is the first report of common variant mQTLs linked to elite athletic performance and endurance sports with potential applications in biomarker discovery in elite athletic candidates, non-conventional anti-doping analytical approaches and therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Use of Moderate-Altitude Training by Top Russian and Chinese Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Evgeny Myakinchenko ◽  
Gao Binghong ◽  
Mikhail Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
National Team ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
June July

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of our work was to study the effect of natural hypoxia applied by elite athletes in the course of common training. Data analysed in this paper were collected during joint Russian-Chinese research on the training of elite athletes, who were members of the Russian national team (8 male biathletes, B-team) and 2016 Chinese Olympic team (12 female rowers, R-team).Material and methods. The study was held in the preparatory period, which lasted 4-5 months. The preparatory period in each team was divided into two stages. In the R-team, in the first stage, a training camp was organised at sea level (SL) (200 m, 57 days), and in the second stage, an altitude camp (AC) was held at 2,280 m (40 days). In the B-team, in the first stage, two training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, June-July, 19 days) and the second one, a sea level camp (SLC), at 140 m (July-August, 31 days). Thus, the second control test was preceded by 31-day-long training at SL. In the second stage (September-October), three training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, 19 days), the second one at 150 m (SLC, 13 days), and the third one at 1,100-2,800 m (AC, 11 days). Both teams underwent three control tests: prior to the first training stage, at the end of the first training stage, and 6-8 days after the end of the second training stage. All control tests were performed at SL.Results. Monitoring of elite athletes’ training in the preparatory period showed positive changes in physical preparedness in both groups. However, we found that those positive changes might not be related to an additional effect of natural hypoxia.Conclusion. Our study has shown that rational and well-balanced planning according to training goals is the key factor in improving general and specific athletic preparedness.

EFFECT OF ALTITUDE TRAINING ON SEA LEVEL AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC POWER OF ELITE ATHLETES 739

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
H. K. Rusko ◽  
H. Kirvesniemi ◽  
L. Paavolainen ◽  
P. V??h??s??yrinki ◽  
K.-P. Kyr??
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic
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