scholarly journals Determination of Safety Factors for Mango Fruit Paperboard Transport Crates under Refrigerated Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Bernd Sadlowsky ◽  
Viktoria Köstner ◽  
Margot Mazur ◽  
Sina-Kristin Thun ◽  
Péter Böröcz
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Industry Sectors

The use of corrugated board packaging is very popular in most industry sectors, but the food industry is one of the main consumers. Special requirements are placed on corrugated board in the food industry since the level of humidity necessary may be as high as 85-90% rH and this can greatly influence on the performance of the packaging. This influencing circumstance is taken into account in this paper when estimating a safety factor aimed at reducing risk. Knowing the safety factor can save transport and material costs, and can also prevent serious damage during the distribution of goods. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of humidity, pre-compression and load carriers on the stability of corrugated board mango fruit crates and thus to determine the safety factor. The results show that it is possible to calculate the safety factor by measuring realistic static stresses. Further researches into determining the dynamic stresses are required so as completing the calculation of the safety factor.

scholarly journals Determination of Transverse Shear Stiffness of Sandwich Panels with a Corrugated Core by Numerical Homogenization

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Tomasz Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Plate Structures ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Global Stiffness Matrix

Knowing the material properties of individual layers of the corrugated plate structures and the geometry of its cross-section, the effective material parameters of the equivalent plate can be calculated. This can be problematic, especially if the transverse shear stiffness is also necessary for the correct description of the equivalent plate performance. In this work, the method proposed by Biancolini is extended to include the possibility of determining, apart from the tensile and flexural stiffnesses, also the transverse shear stiffness of the homogenized corrugated board. The method is based on the strain energy equivalence between the full numerical 3D model of the corrugated board and its Reissner-Mindlin flat plate representation. Shell finite elements were used in this study to accurately reflect the geometry of the corrugated board. In the method presented here, the finite element method is only used to compose the initial global stiffness matrix, which is then condensed and directly used in the homogenization procedure. The stability of the proposed method was tested for different variants of the selected representative volume elements. The obtained results are consistent with other technique already presented in the literature.

Stability Analysis of Dump Slope Based on FEM Strength Reduction Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Peng ◽  
Dong Ji ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Zhen Yu Qian ◽  
Fen Hua Ren
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Strength Reduction Method ◽  
Reduction Algorithm ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Dump Slope ◽  
The Stability

An analysis on safety factor of slope through c - φ reduction algorithm by finite elements method is presented. When the system reaches instability, the numerical non-convergence occurs simultaneously. The safety factor is then obtained by c φ reduction algorithm. This paper, which combines with the actual situation of Jinduicheng open pit mine, analysis the stability of the limit height of the dump based on strength reduction of finite element method. And the value of slope safety factor is 1.25 to 1.30. The results show that calculating safety factors of the slope by ANSYS is in full conformity with the basic requirement of safety. That means, the dump is stable, which can reduce the production costs and benefit the enterprise.

scholarly journals Safety Factors for Neutron Fluences in NPP Safety Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Diemiokhin ◽  
V. Bukanov ◽  
V. Ilkovych ◽  
A. Pugach
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Neutron Fluence ◽  
Neutron Transport ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Neutron Fluences ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Transport Calculation ◽  
Calculation Code

In accordance with global practice and a number of existing regulations, the use of conservative approach is required for the calculations related to nuclear safety assessment of NPP. It implies the need to consider the determination of neutron fluence errors that is rather complicated. It is proposed to carry out the consideration by the way of multiplying the neutron fluences obtained with transport calculations by safety factors. The safety factor values are calculated by the developed technique based on the theory of errors, features of the neutron transport calculation code and the results obtained with the code. It is shown that the safety factor value is equal 1.18 with the confidence level of not less than 0.95 for the majority of VVER-1000 reactor places where neutron fluences are determined by MCPV code, and its maximum value is 1.25.

Integral Anti-Slide Stability Analysis of RCC Gravity Dam

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1480-1483
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Dan Pang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Limit Equilibrium Method ◽  
Gravity Dam ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Dam Stability ◽  
The Stability

The main purpose of the gravity dam stability analysis is to examine the stability safety in all possible load combination cases. Combined with the engineering example, the method of modeling , loading and analysis for the gravity dam by ansys is introduced in this paper, then the limit equilibrium method and the strength reserve method are adopt to calculate the safety factor under two conditions. The results indicate that the two safety factors which are calculated under two conditions can all satisfy the standard requirement; it is reasonable to analyze the gravity dam stability through two methods.

scholarly journals Determination of economically viable option of liquidation the consequences of external dump deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 08014
Author(s):  
Yevheniy Babets ◽  
Oleh Anisimov ◽  
Oleksandr Shustov ◽  
Vitalina Komirna ◽  
Iryna Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Processing Enterprise

The safety factors for different variants of operation development were obtained, on the basis of which the technical and economic indicators were established and the most expedient way of restoration of dump operations in conditions of the formed landslide was chosen. The solutions were proposed for the external dump No 2 of the Central Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise (COMPE), that allow to continue its future operation. When working in the conditions of the formed landslide, three variants of the further dump operation are modeled: the first one - with landslide removal and unloading of the upper dump horizons, the second one - without landslide removal and involvement of disturbed lands in land allotment, the third one - with the landslide loading. Based on the built sections of the dump and defined physical and mechanical properties, the stability factors were obtained for different options of the operation development, which made it possible to determine the appropriate option to eliminate the effects of the dump slide deformations. As a result of the calculations, the cost flows for each of the proposed options of the formation of the end contour of the dump No 2 are determined.

scholarly journals SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS USING GIS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bouajaj ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif ◽  
Mohamed Awa
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
The Stability ◽  
2D And 3D

An analysis of slope stability using Geographic Information System (GIS) is presented in this paper. The methodology is based on the calculation of the safety factor in 2D and 3D using ArcGis. Hovland's Method in 3D and 2D were used in the stability analysis of the slope located at the 34 kilometer point (K.P.34) on the highway in the North of Morocco connecting Tangier to Ksar Sghir. Results shows that the safety factors obtained in 3D are always higher than those obtained in 2D and the slope becomes unstable when the water table level is less than 1 m.

scholarly journals Analisis Stabilitas Dinding Penahan Tipe Kantilever Pada Landfill Tepi TPA Kota Masohi Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Erwin Syaiful Wagola ◽  
◽  
Mentari Rasyid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
The Stability

The construction of a retaining wall must be based on a stability calculation and safety factors because errors that occur can be no good. A retaining wall construction can be said to be safe if it is fulfilled. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability of cantilever type soil retaining walls against shifting, overturning, and soil bearing strength. overturning, and strongly supporting the soil. The method of collecting and collecting data in the field used the field observation method.Wall stability analysis using analytical Finite Element Method based software assistance. The results of data analysis show that the stability of the wall is safe against shear forces, rolling forces and the carrying capacity of the soil with a Safety Factor value of 4.05, 1.50, and 4.67.While the Out Put results from the application also show that the retaining wall at the Masohi City Landfill is still quite safe with a Safety Factor value of 1.80.

Analyse expérimentale de l'effet d'un couvert de glace sur la propagation de l'onde de rupture de barrage

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musandji Fuamba ◽  
Claude Marche ◽  
Tung Quach
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Ice Load ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Structures

Lengthy winter conditions such as those known in the province of Quebec require that one takes the presence of an ice cover into account in the determination of instantaneous safety factors for dams established in cascade and under the effect of a break wave. Not only should the ice load on the structure be considered but also the effects of the pressure wave that is propagated under the ice cover. This study shows that the method currently used to determine the stability of structures subject to a break wave is incomplete. The results obtained in laboratory indeed indicate that the presence of the ice cover increases the sur-elevation and sur-pressure values of both components of the break wave. This might perturb the stabilizing force balance of the downstream dam and increases its risk of failure.Key words: dam safety, break wave, ice cover, sur-pressure, dynamic load.[Journal translation]

Determination of safety factor for defibrillator waveforms in cultured heart cells

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (4) ◽  
pp. H662-H670 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jones ◽  
R. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Cultured Heart Cells

We studied excitation thresholds and arrhythmias produced in cultured chick embryo myocardial cells subjected to electric shocks using rectangular, untruncated resistor-capacitor (RC), and critically damped resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) waveforms with variable intensities while photocell mechanograms were recorded. Strength-duration curves for excitation and production of a specific postshock arrhythmia (4-s arrest) were constructed. Excitation curves closely resembled those for in situ defibrillation threshold (or specific % success). The ratio between the shock intensity producing a 4-s arrest and that producing excitation at each duration (termed the "safety factor") was determined. Waveforms with a large safety factor in vitro defibrillated most effectively in situ with little postshock dysfunction. Waveforms with low safety factors had a low rate of success in situ and produced much postshock dysfunction. Safety factor of monophasic clinical waveforms were lower than that of the 5-ms rectangular wave. The close correspondence between in vitro safety factor and in situ defibrillating effectiveness, as reported in the literature, suggests that the cell culture system is an effective screening system for determining waveforms that will improve the efficacy and safety of defibrillation procedures.

Application of Limit Equilibrium FEM Method to the Slope

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 524-528
Author(s):  
Yan Zhai ◽  
Wei Ya Xu ◽  
Chong Shi ◽  
Sheng Nian Wang ◽  
Hai Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Plastic State ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Stability Of Slope ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sliding Force

The limit equilibrium FEM method is a common method using the result of stresses fields obtained from numerical calculation to get resistant sliding force and driving sliding force on the dangerous sliding surface to analyze the stability of slope. The safety factor is the ratio of resistant sliding force to driving sliding force on the most dangerous sliding surface.When compares limit equilibrium FEM method with the rigid body limit equilibrium method, its applicability needs to be verified. Taking a project as an example, this work uses the two methods to analyze the stability of the slope. After calculating, two different safety factors on the sliding surface were got, and the reasons inducing the difference of the safety factors were analyzed. The result showed the safety factor calculated from the limit equilibrium FEM method is much closer to the real situation especially when some parts of the soil are in plastic state. It is mainly because the limit equilibrium FEM method takes the coordination of deformation into consideration. Then two conditions: nature and rain are calculated to analyzed the slope stability. It made a judgment of the stability of the slope and gave a beneficial conclusion to the project.

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