scholarly journals Participation in real-world laboratories in a new light?! Closing the gap between co-creative and deliberative participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-437
Author(s):  
Marco Sonnberger ◽  
Doris Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Participation Research

Real-world laboratories (RWL) involve co-design and co-creation of knowledge based on a transdisciplinary cooperation of actors from different social worlds – academia, administration, economy, civil society – each endowed with specific interests, resources and worldviews. According to their claim, RWLs are supposed to be a means of inclusive participation in the co-creative shaping of solutions for socioecological issues. In the literature dealing with RWLs, participation is thus mainly understood as an active involvement by civil society, change agents and citizens in processes of experimentation and implementation of solutions. We call this co-creative participation. However, participation in talk-based opinion formation and decision-making processes – we call this deliberative participation – is hardly a subject of discussion in the respective literature, although deliberative participation has been at the heart of participation research for several decades. In this paper, we argue that co-creative and deliberative participation are two distinct forms of participation which can be conceptualized differently but are both relevant for successful experimentation in RWLs. Based on our practical experiences in the ‘real-world laboratory for sustainable mobility culture’ (RNM), we propose an ideal-typical conceptual framework for participation in RWLs that combines co-creative and deliberative participation, thereby aiming to contribute to a systematization of, and rationale for, different forms of participation in RWLs.

scholarly journals Semantic and knowledge based support to business model evaluation to stimulate green behaviour of electric vehicles’ drivers and energy prosumers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Di Martino ◽  
Dario Branco ◽  
Luigi Colucci Cante ◽  
Salvatore Venticinque ◽  
Reinhard Scholten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Energy Prosumers

AbstractThis paper proposes a semantic framework for Business Model evaluation and its application to a real case study in the context of smart energy and sustainable mobility. It presents an ontology based representation of an original business model and examples of inferential rules for knowledge extraction and automatic population of the ontology. The real case study belongs to the GreenCharge European Project, that in these last years is proposing some original business models to promote sustainable e-mobility plans. An original OWL Ontology contains all relevant Business Model concepts referring to GreenCharge’s domain, including a semantic description of TestCards, survey results and inferential rules.

What Influences Relationship Formation in a Global Civil Society Network? An Examination of Valued Multiplex Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022110161
Author(s):  
Adam J. Saffer ◽  
Andrew Pilny ◽  
Erich J. Sommerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Real World ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Interorganizational Networks ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Relationship Formation ◽  
Interorganizational Communication ◽  
Strength Of Ties

Recent interorganizational communication research has taken up the question: why are networks structured the way they are? This line of inquiry has advanced communication network research by helping explain how and why networks take on certain structures or why certain organizations become positioned advantageously (or not). Yet, those studies assume relationships among organizations are either present or absent. This study considers how the strength of ties and multiplex relationships among organizations may reveal a more complex explanation for why networks take on certain structures. Our results challenge some long held assumptions about the mechanisms that influence network formation. For instance, our results offer important insights into the consequences of closure mechanisms, the applicability of preferential attachment to real-world networks, and the nuances of homophily in network formation on multidimensional relationships in a communication network. Implications for interorganizational networks are discussed.

Slippage: An Anthropology of Shamanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Bruce Grant
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
History Of

If our knowledge of shamanism has been so abidingly partial, so impressively uneven, so deeply varied by history, and so enduringly skeptical for so long, how has its study come to occupy such pride of place in the anthropological canon? One answer comes in a history of social relations where shamans both are cast as translators of the unseen and are themselves sites of anxiety in a very real world, one of encounters across lines of gender, class, and colonial incursions often defined by race. This article contends that as anthropologists have cultivated a long and growing library of shamanic practice, many appear to have found, in a globally diverse range of spirit practitioners, translators across social worlds who are not unlike themselves, suggesting that in the shaman we find a remarkable history of anthropology.

scholarly journals Civil society participation in the Scottish marine planning process and the role of Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Brooker ◽  
Charlotte Rachael Hopkins ◽  
Emilie Devenport ◽  
Lucy Greenhill ◽  
Calum Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Public Representation ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Marine Planning

Sustainable development principles are based on the fundamental recognition of humans as an integral part of the ecosystem. Participation of civil society should therefore be central to marine planning processes and enabling ecosystem-based management, and development of mechanisms for effective participation is critical. To date, little attention has been given to the role of Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs) in public participation. In this paper, the results of two workshops, which involved various stakeholders and addressed public participation in marine planning, are reported and discussed in the context of the Scottish marine planning process. ENGOs’ role in communicating complex policies, representing members’ interests and contributing towards participatory governance in marine planning is highlighted. Innovative outreach methods are still required by decision-makers to translate technical information, integrate local knowledge, improve public representation and conserve resources. This could include collaboration with ENGOs to help promote public participation in decision-making processes.

Task Ontology-Based Human-Computer Interaction

2009 ◽  
pp. 950-960
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Seta
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Task Ontology ◽  
Problem Solving Task

In ontological engineering research field, the concept of “task ontology” is well-known as a useful technology to systemize and accumulate the knowledge to perform problem-solving tasks (e.g., diagnosis, design, scheduling, and so on). A task ontology refers to a system of a vocabulary/ concepts used as building blocks to perform a problem-solving task in a machine readable manner, so that the system and humans can collaboratively solve a problem based on it. The concept of task ontology was proposed by Mizoguchi (Mizoguchi, Tijerino, & Ikeda, 1992, 1995) and its validity is substantiated by development of many practical knowledge-based systems (Hori & Yoshida, 1998; Ikeda, Seta, & Mizoguchi, 1997; Izumi &Yamaguchi, 2002; Schreiber et al., 2000; Seta, Ikeda, Kakusho, & Mizoguchi, 1997). He stated: …task ontology characterizes the computational architecture of a knowledge-based system which performs a task. The idea of task ontology which serves as a system of the vocabulary/concepts used as building blocks for knowledge-based systems might provide an effective methodology and vocabulary for both analyzing and synthesizing knowledge-based systems. It is useful for describing inherent problem-solving structure of the existing tasks domain-independently. It is obtained by analyzing task structures of real world problem. ... The ultimate goal of task ontology research is to provide a theory of all the vocabulary/concepts necessary for building a model of human problem solving processes. (Mizoguchi, 2003) We can also recognize task ontology as a static user model (Seta et al., 1997), which captures the meaning of problem-solving processes, that is, the input/output relation of each activity in a problem-solving task and its effects on the real world as well as on the humans’ mind.

Conclusion: SDO Decision-making and the Public Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-237
Author(s):  
Alison Harcourt ◽  
George Christou ◽  
Seamus Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Historical Representation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The conclusion situates the book’s findings in academic debates on democracy and the Internet, global self-regulation, and civil society, and international decision-making processes in unstructured environments. It assesses whether current standards-developing organization (SDO) decision-making is able to bridge historical representation gaps and deficiencies. A nuanced pattern is emerging with increasing inclusion of a wider number of actors within SDO fora. The first part of the chapter returns to the Multiple Streams (MS) framework applied to the case studies on a comparative basis. It identifies key processes under which SDO rules of interaction are established at the international level and explains which interests have come to the fore within decision-making highlighting the occurrence of policy entrepreneurship, forum shopping, and coupling. The final part explores additional frameworks for SDO regulation where spaces for public interest consideration might occur in the future. These are opportunities for inserting public interest considerations into international and national Acts, certification programmes, and the move towards open source solutions for Internet management. The book concludes that, although the literature is expansive on the interaction of corporate sector actors within SDOs, the study of other actors, such as digital rights groups, civil society, academics, policy entrepreneurs and the technical community as a whole, has been underdressed in the literature on international self-regulatory fora to date. In this respect, the book raises important questions of representation of the public interest at the international level by having addressed the actions of actors within SDO fora who promote public interest goals.

Task Ontology-Based Human-Computer Interaction

2006 ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Seta
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real World ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Task Ontology ◽  
Problem Solving Task

In ontological engineering research field, the concept of “task ontology” is well-known as a useful technology to systemize and accumulate the knowledge to perform problem-solving tasks (e.g., diagnosis, design, scheduling, and so on). A task ontology refers to a system of a vocabulary/concepts used as building blocks to perform a problem-solving task in a machine readable manner, so that the system and humans can collaboratively solve a problem based on it. The concept of task ontology was proposed by Mizoguchi (Mizoguchi, Tijerino, & Ikeda, 1992, 1995) and its validity is substantiated by development of many practical knowledge-based systems (Hori & Yoshida, 1998; Ikeda, Seta, & Mizoguchi, 1997; Izumi &Yamaguchi, 2002; Schreiber et al., 2000; Seta, Ikeda, Kakusho, & Mizoguchi, 1997). He stated: …task ontology characterizes the computational architecture of a knowledge-based system which performs a task. The idea of task ontology which serves as a system of the vocabulary/concepts used as building blocks for knowledge-based systems might provide an effective methodology and vocabulary for both analyzing and synthesizing knowledge-based systems. It is useful for describing inherent problem-solving structure of the existing tasks domain-independently. It is obtained by analyzing task structures of real world problem. ... The ultimate goal of task ontology research is to provide a theory of all the vocabulary/concepts necessary for building a model of human problem solving processes. (Mizoguchi, 2003) We can also recognize task ontology as a static user model (Seta et al., 1997), which captures the meaning of problem-solving processes, that is, the input/output relation of each activity in a problem-solving task and its effects on the real world as well as on the humans’ mind.

GENSCHED - A Real World Hierarchical Planning Knowledge-Based System

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Semeco ◽  
Bryan D. Williams ◽  
Stefan Roth ◽  
John F. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Hierarchical Planning ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Planning Knowledge

scholarly journals COLLECTIVE POLITICAL OPINION FORMATION IN NONLINEAR SOCIAL INTERACTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOO YONG KIM ◽  
CHUNG HYUN PARK ◽  
KYUNGSIK KIM
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Independent Decision ◽  
Political Opinions

We have presented a numerical model of a collective opinion formation procedure to explain political phenomena such as two-party and multi-party systems in politics, political unrest, military coup d'etats and netizen revolutions. Nonlinear interaction with binary and independent decision making processes can yield various collective behaviors or collective political opinions. Statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics may provide useful tools to study various socio-political dynamics.

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