scholarly journals Heavy mineral concentration in a marine sediment transport conduit, Bering Strait, Alaska

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Barker ◽  
J. J. Kelley ◽  
A. S. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Mineral Concentration

scholarly journals Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Uwe König ◽  
Sabine M. C. Verryn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tio2 Anatase ◽  
Titania Slag

Heavy mineral sands are the source of various commodities such as white titanium dioxide pigment and titanium metal. The three case studies in this paper show the value of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and statistical methods such as data clustering for process optimization and quality control during heavy mineral processing. The potential of XRD as an automatable, reliable tool, useful in the characterization of heavy mineral concentrates, product streams and titania slag is demonstrated. The recent development of ultra-high-speed X-ray detectors and automated quantification allows for ‘on the fly’ quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and truly interactive process control, especially in the sector of heavy mineral concentration and processing. Apart from the information about the composition of a raw ore, heavy mineral concentrate and the various product streams or titania slag, this paper provides useful information by the quantitative determination of the crystalline phases and the amorphous content. The analysis of the phases can help to optimize the concentration of ores and reduction of ilmenite concentrate. Traditionally, quality control of heavy mineral concentrates and titania slag relies mainly on elemental, chemical, gravimetrical, and magnetic analysis. Since the efficiency of concentration of minerals in the different product streams and reduction depends on the content of the different minerals, and for the latter on the titanium and iron phases such as ilmenite FeTiO3, rutile TiO2, anatase TiO2, or the various titanium oxides with different oxidation stages, fast and direct analysis of the phases is required.

Marine sediment transport

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-212
Author(s):  
Sierd de Vries ◽  
Meagan Wengrove ◽  
Judith Bosboom
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Marine Sediment

scholarly journals Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Liang ◽  
Eduardo Garzanti ◽  
Sergio Andò ◽  
Paolo Gentile ◽  
Alberto Resentini
Keyword(s):  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Desert Sand

As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, the Thal Desert in northern Pakistan stores mineralogical information useful to trace erosion patterns across the western Himalayan syntaxis and the adjacent orogenic segments that fed detritus into the Indus delta and huge deep-sea fan throughout the Neogene. Provenance analysis of Thal Desert sand was carried out by applying optical and semi-automated Raman spectroscopy on heavy-mineral suites of four eolian and 11 fluvial sand samples collected in selected tributaries draining one specific tectonic domain each in the upper Indus catchment. In each sample, the different types of amphibole, garnet, epidote and pyroxene grains—the four dominant heavy-mineral species in orogenic sediment worldwide—were characterized by SEM-EDS spectroscopy. The chemical composition of 4249 grains was thus determined. Heavy-mineral concentration, the relative proportion of heavy-mineral species, and their minerochemical fingerprints indicate that the Kohistan arc has played the principal role as a source, especially of pyroxene and epidote. Within the western Himalayan syntaxis undergoing rapid exhumation, the Southern Karakorum belt drained by the Hispar River and the Nanga Parbat massif were revealed as important sources of garnet, amphibole, and possibly epidote. Sediment supply from the Greater Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and Subhimalaya is dominant only for Punjab tributaries that join the Indus River downstream and do not contribute sand to the Thal Desert. The detailed compositional fingerprint of Thal Desert sand, if contrasted with that of lower course tributaries exclusively draining the Himalaya, provides a semi-actualistic key to be used, in conjunction with complementary provenance datasets and geological information, to reconstruct changes in paleodrainage and unravel the relationship between climatic and tectonic forces that controlled the erosional evolution of the western Himalayan-Karakorum orogen in space and time.

Surface water productivity and sediment transport by Bering Strait throughflow in the Chukchi Shelf (the western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boo-Keun Khim ◽  
Mi Jung Lee ◽  
Hyen Goo Cho ◽  
Kwangkyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Biogenic Opal ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Bering Strait Throughflow ◽  
Chukchi Shelf

Diverse paleoceanographic proxies from three sediment cores (GC12ex, JPC35, and JPC30) collected from the Chukchi Shelf north of the Bering Strait elucidate the Holocene paleoceanographic changes (surface water productivity and sediment transport) caused by the Bering Strait throughflow from the Bering Sea into the Chukchi Sea. Lithology of three sediment cores identified the same three units. Based on comparison and correlation to adjacent age-dated cores as well as AMS 14C dates of core GC12ex, the boundary between Unit 1 and Unit 2a is dated about 8500 cal. yr BP, and the boundary between Unit 2a and Unit 2b is also dated about 4500 cal. yr BP. Consistent down-core profiles of the geochemical and isotopic properties among the three cores differentiate the paleoceanographic conditions corresponding to lithologic units. Based on the biogenic opal, total organic carbon, and δ13C values, Unit 1 is characterized by low surface water marine productivity under relatively shallow water with weak transport of Bering Strait throughflow. Unit 2a shows a mixture of terrestrial and marine contributions, indicating the onset of increased marine surface water productivity after the main flooding (~11,500 cal. yr BP) of the Bering Strait by the Holocene sea-level rise. Unit 2b exhibits stable and enhanced marine biogenic opal production similar to the present-day oceanographic conditions. Such paleoceanographic changes were confirmed by the clay minerals (smectite, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite) and detrital isotopes (εNd and 87Sr/86Sr). Thus, the Bering Strait throughflow played an important role on surface water productivity and sediment deposition in the Chukchi Shelf in response to Holocene sea-level rise after the opening of the Bering Strait.

Onshore tsunami sediment transport mechanisms inferred from heavy mineral assemblages

The Holocene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro JM Costa ◽  
Cesar Andrade ◽  
João Cascalho ◽  
Alastair G Dawson ◽  
Maria C Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Tsunami Sediment

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization and Presence of Rare Earth Elements in the Recent Depositions at the Islands of the Eastern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Farah Deeba ◽  
Syed Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Zafrul Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Rajib
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray

This study presents geochemical characterization, as well as, quantification of rare earth elements in the recent beach deposition at the two major islands of the eastern Bay of Bengal-Kutubdia and Moheshkhali. Placer sand samples from near surface depositions were analyzed by heavy mineral separation, mineralogical identification, chemical composition and elemental mapping. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to obtain these results. The heavy mineral concentration in different raw sand samples resulted by heavy liquid separation technique revealed that the average abundance of heavy minerals is 69.67% in Kutubdia island and 9.32% in Moheshkhali island, respectively. The X-ray patterns of Kutubdia and Moheshkhali sand samples show the presence of zircon, quartz, hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, chromite, kyanite, anatase, rutile and garnet. Chemical composition of heavy mineral sands from Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence method (XRF) for major oxides and trace elements. The concentration is of Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P, K2O, CaO, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, CoO, ZnO, SrO, Y2O3 ZrO2, Nb2O5, MoO3, HfO2, WO3, ThO2, U3O8, CeO2, Nd2O and Er2O3 were determined. A significant amount of various rare earth elements (REEs) in the elemental composition of few samples was also identified. The study is expected to be useful in the baseline and environmental aspects of both the islands.

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