scholarly journals Digital compilation of geochemical data for historical samples from occurrences of strategic and critical elements in Alaska: Part I - Rare-earth elements (REE)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Blessington ◽  
M. B. Werdon ◽  
S. S. Seitz ◽  
K. M. Mulliken
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Historical Samples

scholarly journals Distribution Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Copper Smelting

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Riina Aromaa ◽  
Anna Dańczak ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
Pekka Taskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
New Applications

The use of rare earth elements (REEs) is increasing, mainly due to the growing demand for electric vehicles and new applications in green technology. This results in annual growth of the in-use REE stocks and the amount of End-of-Life (EoL) products containing REEs. REEs are considered critical elements by the EU, mainly because the rest of the world is dependent on China’s supply. Recycling of REEs can help alleviate the criticality of REEs, however, no REEs are currently functionally recycled. In this study, the time-dependent behavior of REEs in copper matte-slag system in primary copper smelting conditions was investigated experimentally at a laboratory scale. Lanthanum and neodymium were chosen to represent all REEs, as they are generally found in the highest concentrations in EoL products, and because REEs all have similar chemical behavior. The experiments were conducted as a function of time in air and argon atmospheres. SEM-EDS, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS methods were used for sample characterization. The results of this work indicate that the REEs strongly favor the slag and the deportment to the slag begins almost instantly when the system reaches high temperatures. With increasing contact times, the REEs distribute even more strongly into the slag phase, where they may be recovered and recycled, if their concentrations are sufficiently high and a suitable hydrometallurgical process can be found.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements Assessment in the Granitoids of Part of Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria B. Omotunde ◽  
Akinade S. Olatunji ◽  
Maryam O. Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Biotite Granite ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Lithological Mapping ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Gneiss Granite

The Rare Earth Elements (REE) composition of granitoids in and around Ila-Orangun area Southwestern Nigeria was assessed in order to ascertain their potential for possible exploitation. Detailed lithological mapping of the area was undertaken followed by whole rock geochemical analysis of representative samples of the granitoids using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. Petrographic study of the samples was carried out as well as the interpretation of the geochemical data using diverse geochemical discrimination plots. The rock units mapped were biotite granite gneiss, granite gneiss and hornblende biotite granite. Biotite hornblende gneiss, quartzite, talc-chlorite-tremolite-schist, mica schist and pegmatites were the surrounding country rocks. The REE concentrations (in ppm) revealed higher concentrations of the light REEs compared to the heavy REEs. The fractionation ratio, (La/Yb)N ranged from 4.35-15.04 (granite gneiss) and 13.78-18.48 (hornblende biotite granite) indicating enrichment in LREEs over the HREEs. The spider plot for the REEs also showed that the granitoids are LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted suggesting fractional crystallisation and a distinct negative Eu anomaly indicating plagioclase fractionation. Enrichment plot also revealed that the REEs in the granitoids are significantly enriched. Comparison with other areas showed that the granitoids of the study area especially the hornblende biotite granite has higher concentrations of REEs and may be a possible pointer of REE mineralisation.

scholarly journals The distribution of the trace element contents in lignite and ash from Drama lignite deposit, using multivariate statistical analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
S. PANILAS ◽  
G. HATZIYANNIS
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Inorganic Matter

Multivariate statistical analysis was used on existing geochemical data of the Drama lignite deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece. Factor analysis with varimax rotation technique was applied to study the distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements in the lignite and 850°C lignitic ash, to find a small set of factors that could explain most of the geochemical variability. The study showed that major elements AI, Na, Κ, contained in the lignite samples, presented high correlation with most of the trace and rare earth elements. In 850°C lignitic ashes major and trace elements present different redistribution. Only Al remained correlated with the trace elements Co, Cr, Rb, Ta, Th, Ti, Sc and rare earths related with inorganic matter in the lignite beds. Trace elements Fe, Mo, U, V, W, and Lu were associated with organic matter of lignite and had also been affected by the depositional environment.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilizing of Critical Element from Coal and Combustion Residues

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4710
Author(s):  
Yunhu Hu ◽  
Mu You ◽  
Guijian Liu ◽  
Zhongbing Dong ◽  
Facun Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Combustion Residues

Strategically critical elements are becoming significant for the rising demand of emerging energy-efficient technologies and high-tech applications. These critical elements are mostly geologically dispersed, and mainly recovered from recycled materials. Coal with high concentrations of critical elements is supposed to stable alternative sources. The abundances of critical elements in coal varies widely among different deposits and regions. The high concentrations of critical elements are found in many Chinese and Russian coal ores. The global mining potential ratio (MPR) is applied and suggests scandium, hafnium, cesium, yttrium, germanium, gallium, thallium, strontium and rare-earth elements could be potential recovery from coal. A number of benefits are expected with the extraction of critical elements during coal utilization.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Lithium and Rare Earth Elements in High-Sulfur Coal from the Donggou Mine, Chongqing, Southwestern China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zou ◽  
Longfei Cheng ◽  
Yuanchen Guo ◽  
Zhengcheng Wang ◽  
Heming Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Geological Factor ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Coal Measures

Coal and coal by-products are considered as the potential raw materials for critical elements (e.g., rare earth elements, Li, Ga, Ge, etc.), which have attracted much attention in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, and controlling geological factors of lithium and rare earth elements in the Lopingian (Wujiaping Formation) coal from the Donggou Mine, southeastern Chongqing Coalfield, China. Results indicate that lithium and rare earth elements are significantly enriched in the Donggou coals, which could be new potential alternative sources for critical elements. Concentrations of lithium and rare earth elements in the Donggou coals gradually increase from top to bottom. Lithium is mainly associated with kaolinite, while rhabdophane, florencite, goyazite, and xenotime are the main hosts of rare earth elements. The controlling geological factor is the groundwater leaching of underlying tuff, and to a lesser extent, the terrigenous clastic materials input from the top layer of the Kangdian Upland. This study provides mineralization information for lithium and rare earth elements exploration in coal measures.

Tauride Carbonate Platform Bauxite Deposits (Turkey) as an Alternative Source for Gallium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Nur Bayram ◽  
Ali Erdem Bakkalbasi ◽  
Zeynep Doner ◽  
Ali Tugcan Unluer ◽  
Huseyın Kocaturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Bayer Liquor

<p>Mediterranean type karstic bauxite deposits are considered as the primary source for aluminum (Al) production in Europe. During the Al production, Gallium (Ga) is extracted from the so called Bayer-liquor during the processing of bauxite to alumina. Ga, a rare metal, is widely used in modern chemistry and electronic industry. During the past decades, the worldwide demand for Ga has been continuously increasing. In Turkey, karstic bauxite deposits are generally found with shallow marine carbonate rocks which were deposited during Mesozoic period and located in Tauride Carbonate platform. Most of these karstic bauxite deposits can be hosted considerable Ga enrichments, with other immobile elements such as rare earth elements (REE), titanium (Ti), lithium (Li), and iron (Fe). This work focuses on the revealing of the potential Ga enrichments in bauxides from different deposits of Turkey (Mortaş-Doğankuzu, Konya; Küçükkoraş, Karaman; Acıelma-Yoğunoluk, Kahramanmaraş bauxite deposits). Geochemical data of major and trace elements of studied bauxite deposits show that these deposits have significant Ga enrichments (up to 72.6 ppm), as well as the REE (up to 580 ppm), Ti (up to 1.8%), and Li (up to 428 ppm) enrichments. In addition, the Ga enrichments show strong positive correlation with heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and moderate positive correlation with Al, Fe, Ti, Li and Sn elements. In this context, it can be concluded that the most probable source for Ga is rock forming aluminosilicates of the source rock due to the substitution with Al<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. During weathering process Ga exhibiting immobile behavior much like Al and Fe. Gallium is than incorporated into Al-bearing phases and thus enriched in the bauxite. Presence of Li content can be also interpreted as a contribution from micaceous source such as meta-carbonate rocks of Tauride platform. Moreover, geochemical association between Ga, Ti, Li, tin (Sn) and HREE can be explained by the redox and pH conditions causing other ions seperated from shallow environments.</p>

Distribution of rare earth elements and other critical elements in beneficiated Pennsylvania anthracites

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 121400
Author(s):  
James C. Hower ◽  
Cortland F. Eble ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Shifeng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Critical Elements

scholarly journals Geochemistry of the Serra das Melancias Pluton in the Serra da Aldeia Suite: a classic post-collisional high Ba-Sr granite in The Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt, NE Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Paschoal Perpétuo ◽  
Wagner da Silva Amaral ◽  
Felipe Grandjean da Costa ◽  
Evilarde Carvalho Uchôa Filho ◽  
Daniel Francisco Martins de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
Pan African ◽  
High K ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Brasiliano Orogeny ◽  
Light Rare Earth Elements

ABSTRACT: The Serra da Aldeia Suite is composed by circular or oval-shaped plutons, intrusive in meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanosedimentary rocks in the Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt, NE Brazil. The Serra das Melancias Pluton, belonging to Serra da Aldeia Suite, is located southeastern of Piaui state, near Paulistana city. These plutons represent a major magmatic expression in this area and contain important information about the late magmatic/collisional geologic evolution of the Brasiliano Orogeny. Based on petrographic and geochemical data, three facies were defined in the Serra das Melancias Pluton: granites, syenites and quartz monzonites. The rocks display high-K and alkaline to shoshonitic affinities, are metaluminous and show ferrous character. They are enriched in Light Rare Earth Elements and Large Ion Lithophile Elements, with negative anomalies in Nb, Ta and Ti. Their high Ba, Sr, K/Rb, low Rb, relatively low U, Th, Nb to very low Heavy Rare Earth Elements and Y resemble those of typical high Ba-Sr granitoids. The geochemical data suggest the emplacement of Serra das Melancias Pluton in a transitional, late to post-orogenic setting in the Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt during the late Brasiliano-Pan African Orogeny.

scholarly journals Application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches for exploration of rare earth elements in Se-Chahun iron ore, central Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Sarparandeh ◽  
Ardeshir Hezarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Icp Ms

Abstract. The use of efficient methods for data processing has always been of interest to researchers in the field of earth sciences. Pattern recognition techniques are appropriate methods for high-dimensional data such as geochemical data. Evaluation of the geochemical distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) requires the use of such methods. In particular, the multivariate nature of REE data makes them a good target for numerical analysis. The main subject of this paper is application of unsupervised pattern recognition approaches in evaluating geochemical distribution of REEs in the Kiruna type magnetite–apatite deposit of Se-Chahun. For this purpose, 42 bulk lithology samples were collected from the Se-Chahun iron ore deposit. In this study, 14 rare earth elements were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pattern recognition makes it possible to evaluate the relations between the samples based on all these 14 features, simultaneously. In addition to providing easy solutions, discovery of the hidden information and relations of data samples is the advantage of these methods. Therefore, four clustering methods (unsupervised pattern recognition) – including a modified basic sequential algorithmic scheme (MBSAS), hierarchical (agglomerative) clustering, k-means clustering and self-organizing map (SOM) – were applied and results were evaluated using the silhouette criterion. Samples were clustered in four types. Finally, the results of this study were validated with geological facts and analysis results from, for example, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP-MS and optical mineralogy. The results of the k-means clustering and SOM methods have the best matches with reality, with experimental studies of samples and with field surveys. Since only the rare earth elements are used in this division, a good agreement of the results with lithology is considerable. It is concluded that the combination of the proposed methods and geological studies leads to finding some hidden information, and this approach has the best results compared to using only one of them.

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