scholarly journals Excepcionalidad meritocrática y política de acción afirmativa en la educación superior en Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Briones ◽  
Daniel Leyton

Based on Foucauldian notions such as discourse, regime of subjectification, and governmentality, the article analyzes one of the dominant discourses constituting the affirmative action policy in higher education in Chile. Our analysis is based principally on main documents associated to the discursive formation of the Support and Effective Access into Higher Education Program (PACE by its acronyms in Spanish), the main affirmative action program in that country. We argue that this program deploys a meritocratic exceptionality subjectification regime that governs inclusion and right to HE through a discursive chain that articulates notions of selectivity, excellence, quality, talent, sacrifice, responsibilization and critique against the dominant admission policy. This articulation is inscribed and mobilized in the discourses about working-class students, their families and schools, and the university. This makes possible, on the one hand, the legitimacy of the program as well as of their students as new constituencies with the right to HE, and on the other hand, the strategic foreclosure and invisibilisation of the structures of inequality that sustain the majority of working-class students and their knowledges excluded from HE.

Author(s):  
Leandro Tessler

The Brazilian Supreme Court is about to decide if affirmative action complies with the National Constitution. In 2003 the Senate of the University of Brasília (UnB) decided to reserve 20% of its places to black and brown ("pardo") candidates starting in the 2004 admission process. In 2009, the right wing Democratas political party filed a lawsuit at Brazilian Supreme Court claiming that UnB's racial quota system violates no less than nine fundamental precepts of the Constitution. The decision about this case, will determine the future of affirmative action in Brazil. Amazingly all assessments "prove" that affirmative action is neither the deliverance or a threat to the Brazilian higher education system.


2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Claire Warden

The multi-spatial landscape of the North-West of England (Manchester–Salford and the surrounding area) provides the setting for Walter Greenwood's 1934 play Love on the Dole. Both the urban industrialized cityscape and the rural countryside that surrounds it are vital framing devices for the narrative – these spaces not simply acting as backdrops but taking on character roles. In this article Claire Warden reads the play's presentation of the North through the concept of landscape theatre, on the one hand, and Raymond Williams's city–country dialogism on the other, claiming that Love on the Dole is imbued with the revolutionary possibility that defines the very landscape in which it is set. From claustrophobic working-class kitchen to the open fields of Derbyshire, Love on the Dole has a sense of spatial ambition in which Greenwood regards all landscapes as tainted by the industrial world while maintaining their capacity to function independently. Ugliness and beauty, capitalist hegemony and socialistic hopefulness reside simultaneously in this important under-researched example of twentieth-century British theatre, thereby reflecting the ambivalent, shifting landscape of the North and producing a play that cannot be easily defined artistically or politically. Claire Warden is a Lecturer in Drama at the University of Lincoln. Her work focuses on peripheral British performances in the early to mid-twentieth century. She is the author of British Avant-Garde Theatre (Palgrave MacMillan, 2012) and is currently writing Modernist and Avant-Garde Performance: an Introduction for Edinburgh University Press, to be published in 2014.


Author(s):  
Ирина Ивановна Широкорад ◽  
Олеся Михайловна Фадеева ◽  
Елена Геннадьевна Пафнутова

Система высшего образования развивается не в изоляции. Она находится в непосредственной зависимости от школьной системы и от рынка труда. С одной стороны, образовательные результаты, полученные в университете, зависят от уровня знаний и навыков, которые получили студенты на предыдущем этапе образования, с другой стороны, ожидаемое высокое качество жизни, которое является ключевой мотивацией для поступления в вуз для большинства населения, определяется состоянием и структурой рынка труда. Именно наличие спроса на продуктивную рабочую силу определяет результативность системы высшего образования. The higher education system does not develop in isolation. It is directly dependent on the school system and the labor market. On the one hand, the educational results obtained at the University depend on the level of knowledge and skills that students received at the previous stage of education, on the other hand, the expected high quality of life, which is a key motivation for entering the University for the majority of the population, is determined by the state and structure of the labor market. It is the demand for productive labor that determines the effectiveness of the higher education system.


2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Pearce ◽  
Barry Down ◽  
Elizabeth Moore

Through the use of narrative portraits this paper discusses social class and identity, as working-class university students perceive them. With government policy encouraging wider participation rates from under-represented groups of people within the university sector, working-class students have found themselves to be the objects of much research. Working-class students are, for the most part, studied as though they are docile bodies, unable to participate in the construction of who they are, and working-class accounts of university experiences are quite often compared to the middle-class norms. This paper explores how working-class students see themselves within the university culture. Working-class students' voices and stories form the focus of this paper, in which the language of ‘disadvantage’ is dealt with and the ideologies of class identity explored.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Aitken

McDonald, Megan.  Judy Moody and the Right Royal Tea Party. Illustrated by Peter H. Reynolds. Candlewick Press, 2018. The multi-volume Judy Moody series continues here as Judy attempts to complete a grade three assignment: create a family tree. Learning that one of her British ancestors was “Mudeye” Moody, rescuer of a prisoner from the Tower of London during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, Judy embellishes: the rescuer was a young prince; the prisoner was a princess; she, herself, is akin to royalty, a future Queen. There is, however, a rival for her title, her schoolmate, Jessica Finch. Jessica, too, has British roots. She, too, claims kinship with Mudeye Moody. Jessica’s Mudeye, however, was a rat catcher who rescued his lady from the Tower in the time of Queen Victoria. Unaware that more than two centuries elapsed between the reigns of Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria, the two girls decide that Mudeye Moody, the one-and-the-same, is their mutual ancestor. They ally; they are “step sisters.” They will keep secret Judy’s relationship to the rat catcher, but, together, they will stage a “Right Royal Tea Party.”  Judy Moody is a domineering child. No constitutional monarch is she; she is a despot, her younger brother the target of her bullying. In both conversational and narrative passages, scatology is the norm. Judy and her friends belong to the “Toad Pee Club.” They meet in the “Toad Pee Tent.” Her younger brother’s Siamese Fighting  Fish is named “Prince Redmond the Farter.” It communicates, of course, by ”farting.” Throughout the book, the young brother is referred to as “Stink.” (There is never any adult censure of this talk.) Dubious diction continues in Judy’s letter to the current Queen Elizabeth. She asks: “...Did you ever ride a hinny? (That’s a cross between a horse and a donkey, not a hiney?) … P.S. Sorry if I’m not supposed to say hiney in a letter to the Queen.” (Among its various uses, “hiney” is slang for “buttocks.” It is, as well, a derogatory 20th-century term for a German soldier.) Questions spring to mind as one reads this book: does the writing merely reflect the anal obsessions of children, or does it encourage them? The same could be asked about bullying behaviours. It is also curious that the historical dates of Elizabeth I (who died in 1603) and Queen Victoria (who came to the throne in 1837) are never given. There are natural opportunities within the story to do so: Peter Reynold’s illustration of “Famous Women Rulers” is one such opportunity; the Moody family’s trip to Wolff Castle is another. Of course, if Judy and Jessica discover the dates, they must give up their assumptions about Mudeye; he would have to have lived for more than two centuries to perform his dual acts of gallantry. Are the presumed readers (upper primary, lower elementary school children) thought to be too immature to appreciate this absurdity? Or must they be kept in ignorance lest the contrivance of the plot be revealed?    In Canada, school children are taught that the Queen is a constitutional monarch, a symbol of national unity, not a ruler. Because she lives in England, she has a Canadian representative who performs her ceremonial duties. A Canadian Judy Moody might dream differently—perhaps pretending that she is an astronaut like Governor General Julie Payette. While much imagination went into the premise of this book, it lacks thoughtful, well considered composition.  However popular the Judy Moody books, this entry in the series is weak. Not recommended: 1 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Leslie Aitken Leslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship included selection of children’s literature for school, public, special and academic libraries. She is a former Curriculum Librarian of the University of Alberta.


2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
John L. Festervand ◽  
Troy A. Festervand

This paper explores the University of Alabama's positions, actions, policies, and accomplishments over the past forty years with respect to minority representation among its students and faculty. The impact and progression of these initiatives by the University of Alabama demonstrates strides have been made. The paper also examines the University's recruiting efforts to attract more minority faculty and students. The transition from integration to affirmative action to diversity in higher education also are examined.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Вячеславович Савельев ◽  
Игорь Леонидович Скрипник ◽  
Юрий Геннадьевич Ксенофонтов

Введение. Правильный и рациональный выбор своей будущей профессии является определяющим фактором в жизни любого человека. Большинство абитуриентов на момент поступления в какой-либо вуз зачастую не имеет представления о роде деятельности, не может проанализировать все позитивные и негативные стороны работы, что препятствует выбору подходящей им специальности ввиду отсутствия интересов и склонностей к данному виду занятий. Решением проблемы здесь может выступить профориентационная работа. Цель – обосновать целесообразность проведения вузами профориентационной работы для оказания помощи абитуриентам в выборе будущей профессиональной деятельности на примере Санкт-Петербургского университета государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России. Материал и методы. Для оценки значимости профориентации в Санкт-Петербургском университете ГПС МЧС России был проведен ряд экспериментов. Объектом исследования был выбран контингент из бакалавров, магистров и профессорско-педагогического состава. Цель проведения экспериментов – определение облика выпускника – высококвалифицированного специалиста методом проведения анкетирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные статистические данные рассчитывались при помощи специальной компьютерной программы. Проводится анализ профориентационной работы в вузе: ее актуальность, значимость, необходимость для обучающихся. Приводится анализ исследований, проведенный в трех группах (бакалавров, магистров и профессорско-преподавательского состава), по определению облика будущего специалиста. Показывается подход к ее проведению в выпускных классах школ, во время «Дня открытых дверей» в аудиториях, учебном центре. Профориентационная работа позволит привлечь в Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России значительно больше поступающих по специальности «Пожарная безопасность» и направлению подготовки «Техносферная безопасность», тем самым поднять рейтинг вуза, а абитуриентам сделать правильный выбор в определении будущей профессии. Заключение. Профориентация должна явиться одним из основных инструментов, позволяющим абитуриентам понять, осмыслить, оценить свои желания, возможности, сопоставить их с требованиями, предъявляемыми к данной специальности в вузе. Introduction. The right and rational choice of the future profession is the determining factor in the life of any person. Most applicants at the time of admission to a university often have no idea of the type of activity, cannot analyze all the positive and negative aspects of the work, which therefore prevents them from choosing a suitable specialty due to lack of interests and propensity for this type of occupation. The solution to the problem here can be career guidance work. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to justify the expediency of conducting vocational guidance work by universities to assist applicants in choosing future professional activities on the example of Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia. Result and discussion. A number of experiments were carried out to assess the importance of vocational guidance at the Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia. The subject of the study was a contingent of bachelors, masters and the teaching staff of the faculty. The purpose of the experiments is to determine the appearance of a highly qualified graduate by means of a questionnaire. The statistics obtained were calculated using a special computer program. The article analyses vocational guidance work in the university: its relevance, importance, necessity for students. The analysis of studies carried out in three groups: bachelor, master and faculty to determine the appearance of the future specialist is given. An approach to its implementation in the final grades of schools, during the «Open Day» in classrooms, in the training center is shown. Vocational guidance work will allow to attract to Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia much more applicants in the specialty «Fire safety» and the direction of preparation «Technospheric safety», thus to raise the rating of the university, and applicants to make the right choice in determining the future profession. Conclusion. Authors consider that career guidance has to be one of the main tools allowing entrants to understand, comprehend, estimate the desires, opportunities, to compare them with requirements imposed to this specialty in higher education institution.


Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Vasiliev ◽  
Aleksandr Suprunov ◽  
Vladimir Gorbachev

Modern conditions of service for graduates of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the territorial bodies of internal Affairs, among the many law enforcement requirements imposed on young professionals, additionally indicate that it is not necessary to form a sufficiently high level of professional legal mobility, the ability to easily start professional law enforcement activities in a different direction from the one in which his training was carried out at the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In this article, in addition to studying the concept and content of professional mobility, the reasons for its insufficient level among graduates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, proposals are formulated for its improvement, transformation from a semi-mythical category into the reality of the service of an employee of the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.


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