scholarly journals The Effects of Amine Type and Lean Amine Temperature on Gas Sweetening Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Ribwar K. Abdulrahman ◽  
Mohammed H. S. Zangana
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
The North ◽  
Gas Sweetening ◽  
Amine System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sour Gas

In the North Gas Company (NGC) in Kirkuk, Iraq, sour gas stream is loaded with considerable amounts of H2S and CO2 of 2.95% and 2.54%, respectively. A DEA amine system is currently used to reduce these sour component concentrations below 5 ppm and 2% for H2S and CO2, respectively. This study used Bryan Research and Engineering’s ProMax® process simulation software to optimize this amine sweetening system by adopting other amine types and blends, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). It could be argued that a 50 wt% MDEA solution circulated at 414 m3/h was determined to be the optimum operating conditions. This design met sweet gas specifications and minimized the reboiler duty to 38 MW, 30.9% reduction in steam consumption. The experimental simulation work is also examined the effects of lean solvent temperature on the gas sweetening process efficiency and performance and find out that the lean amine temperature within the range of 43–48°C in all sceneries give acceptable sweetening results.

The Design and Performance of High-Pressure Injectors as Gas Jet Boosters

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Hoggarth
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimum Working ◽  
Working Point

Injectors have a large potential application as jet boosters in gas distribution networks by using the gas from high-pressure supplies to boost the pressure of gas from low-pressure holders to that required by the distribution system. A theoretical study of the design and performance of injectors for this purpose is described. A one-dimensional theory which takes friction into account is proposed for predicting the performance of injectors with driving pressure ratios up to 14:1. Optimization of the theoretical equations is carried out so that the most suitable dimensions can be chosen for any specified performance. Alternatively, the best operating conditions for a given geometry may be predicted. Experimental results compared well with predictions from the proposed theory particularly in the region close to the optimum working point. Where deviations did occur these are explained by the excessive recirculation of the driving gas at the inlet to the mixing throat, when operated away from the optimum working point at low injection ratios and high pressure lifts. By moving the driving nozzle closer to the inlet of the throat and dispensing with the inlet cone, marked improvements in performance could be obtained at these off-optimum operating conditions.

Exergy Analysis for the Performance of Solar Collectors

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
And Performance

The optimum control and performance evaluation of solar collectors are analyzed from the standpoint of exergy. The pressure drop inside the collector is introduced to the analysis using the Hottel-Whillier model. By treating the friction process as exergy loss, the optimum operating conditions are presented in a simple statement. The maximum capability of collectors is determined and expressed by a relationship among the collector parameters and the environment in which they operates.

scholarly journals Modelling and performance analysis of the BVP M-80A hybrid drive

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Stefan Milićević ◽  
Slavko Muždeka
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Hybrid Technology ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
System Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Hybrid technology has been successfully incorporated into the industry of passenger and commercial vehicles. Driven by the success and benefits that hybrid technology brings, many defense organizations around the world invest in the development of hybrid technology for combat vehicles and develop prototypes of tracked combat vehicles which have lower fuel consumption, better performance, better exhaust emission, and additional onboard electric power. However, various technical challenges must be resolved before it comes to the introduction of hybrid tracked combat vehicles in operational use. Several successful tests of prototypes have been conducted so far, but there are still restrictions on key technologies such as electric motors, electronics, and storage of electricity. In such conditions, where finance is limited, mistakes cannot be allowed nor spending a lot of resources on planning, building prototypes, and testing. Method: Therefore, it is clever to run the simulation software with which it is possible to examine various parameters in simulated conditions which more or less mimic real operating conditions. This paper aims to show one of possible solutions concerning the selection of appropriate technologies of hybrid drive, to propose a system solution for a hybrid BVP M80A, and to display a simulation hybrid drive model and the results obtained from the model devised in Simulink. Results: The results obtained by the simulation show that the proposed hybrid drive solution provides better performance while retaining key drivetrain elements of the vehicle. Conclusion: Only turning parameters are considered during the simulation but it is clear that the hybrid drivertrain has advantages related to straightline motion as well. Also, sound projections about the drivetrain performance and control can be made with the use of the proposed model.

Fractographic diagnostics of technical objects fractured when operating in the North

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. P. Yakovleva ◽  
S. N. Makharova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Metal Fatigue ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
The North ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Initial Cracks

Fractographic diagnostics of accidental damage provides data of expert importance which can be used in developing recommendations regarding of accident prevention, improving the reliability and performance of mechanical engineering products and structures in various operating conditions. The goal of the study is fractographic diagnostics of the nature and causes of premature destruction of technical devices and facilities operating in climatic conditions of the North and being the sources of increased technogenic danger, i.e., an automobile gas cylinder and a wind power plant. Using the basic principles of metal science, metal physics, strength and fracture mechanics, the localization of initial cracks we revealed the micromechanisms of crack formation, localization and development and restored the general picture of the fracture. It is shown that the main physical and mechanical causes of the gas cylinder damage are associated with the coarsening and inhomogeneity of the intermetallide phase distribution in the material of the inner metal shell («liner») and with the increased roughness of the internal surface which formed a system of stress microconcentrators. The reason for the collapse of a wind generator was lack of penetration in welded joints of the support structure being the place of origin of the initial cracks. The main fracture mechanism in both cases is time-evolving process of the metal fatigue initiated by technological micro-and macro-defects. The stage of the final destruction of a gas cylinder exhibited a dynamic character realized through the formation of a system of viscous cracks in the liner with their subsequent merging and fragmentation of the liner. The attained critical level of the fatigue crack development caused the onset of the ultimate state of the structure of a wind generator tower resulted in subsequent brittle fracture. The described destructions relate to gradual failures as they are caused by inherent technological defects rather than by external impacts. The results of the study can be used to improve the performance of the considered objects, ensure their operational safety and promote developing of compensating measures.

The Study of Marine Gas Turbine Power System Simulation Software Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Shu Ying Li ◽  
Zhi Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This software is aimed at providing engineering design personnel who are engaged in marine gas turbine power system design and performance optimization with a software platform for concentrated design and management. First, the mathematical model of the sub-shaft gas turbine was established using volume inertia and rotor inertia method. And then the relative non-linear simulation module base of all components was built based on MATLAB/Simulink. Second, in order to develop this extensible simulation software for the study on the marine gas turbine overall performance, a human-computer interface was cultivated too based on MATLAB/GUI. This software provides the functions of analyzing dynamic performance of the marine gas turbine power system in both on-design and off-design operating conditions. It offers engineering design personnel an extensible and useful GUI platform in gas turbine system design and performance optimization.

scholarly journals Removal of 4-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Polyphenylsulfone-Based Blend Membranes: Characterization and Performance

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ali Amer Yahya ◽  
Khalid T. Rashid ◽  
Maryam Y. Ghadhban ◽  
Noor Edin Mousa ◽  
Hasan Shaker Majdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Among many contaminants in wastewater, organic phenol compounds presented a major concern to endanger the water resources safety. In the present study, blend nanofiltration (NF) membranes comprising polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared via the non-induced phase separation and their performance was examined against 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The PES ratio in the dope solution was varied from 6 to 9 wt.% to probe the impact of PES on the retention and permeation characteristics of the final membranes. A series of experimental tools were employed to estimate the characteristics of the membranes, including surface and cross-section, hydrophilicity, pore size and pore size distribution. Performance evaluation of the NF membranes was conducted considering two operational variables; pH and initial feed solution. About 99% removal of 4-NP along with 6.2 L/m2.h.bar was achieved at the optimum operating conditions as revealed by optimization and mathematical modelling.

scholarly journals Oxygen-Blown Gasification of Pulp Mill Bark Residues for Synthetic Fuel Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Fredrik Weiland ◽  
Sandra Lundström ◽  
Yngve Ögren
Keyword(s):  
Laser Diagnostics ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Synthetic Fuel

Synthetic fuel production via gasification of residual biomass streams from the pulp and paper industry can be an opportunity for the mills to enable improved resource utilization and at the same time reduce the production of excess heat. This paper summarizes initial oxygen-blown gasification experiments with two bark residues from a European pulp and paper mill, i.e., a softwood bark and a hardwood bark. The gasification process was characterized by measuring syngas yields and process efficiency to find optimum operating conditions. In addition, impurities in the syngas and ash behavior were characterized. Maximum yields of CO and H2 were obtained from softwood bark and amounted to approximately 29 and 15 mol/kg fuel, respectively. Optimum cold gas efficiency was achieved at an oxygen stoichiometric ratio of λ = 0.40 and was approximately 76% and 70% for softwood bark and hardwood bark, respectively. Increased λ had a reducing effect on pollutants in the syngas, e.g., higher hydrocarbons, NH3, HCl, and soot. The situation for sulfur species was more complex. Evaluation of the bark ashes indicated that slag formation could start already from 800 °C. Furthermore, a non-intrusive laser diagnostics technique gave rapid feedback on the millisecond scale. Measured syngas temperature and water content were in good agreement with the applied reference methods.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
N. V. Savenkov ◽  
V. V. Ponyakin ◽  
S. A. Chekulaev ◽  
V. V. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Force Transfer ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Loading Devices ◽  
Structural Solutions

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

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