scholarly journals Assessment the Natural Radioactivity of Radionuclides ( 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) in Wheat Grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Zakariya A. Hussein ◽  
Najeba F. Salih ◽  
Shalaw Z. Sedeeq
Keyword(s):  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Gonadal Dose ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Reported Data

This paper investigates the activity concentration of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs) in the wheat grain samples using a high-purity germanium detector. Thirty-six wheat grain samples were collected from different locations of Koya City, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in wheat grain are found to be 0.407 ± 0.097 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, 0.36 ± 0.14 Bq.kg-1 for 232Th and 109.25± 2.214 Bq.kg-1 for 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations for the radionuclides are compared with the reported data from other countries. In addition, the fallout radionuclide of 137Cs has no detection of in the wheat grain samples. The radium equivalent activity Raeq, internal and external hazard indices Hin and Hex, and annual gonadal dose equivalent are calculated for the measured samples. The total ingestion dose is 113.19 µSv.y-1, which is below the world average value of 290 µSv.y-1.

scholarly journals Radioactivity of some building and raw materials used in Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Sofilić ◽  
Delko Barišić ◽  
Una Sofilić ◽  
Marija Đuroković
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Radioactivity of some building and raw materials used in Croatia In the present study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in some building and raw materials used in Croatia were measured by using a gamma-ray spectrometer with the HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of the studied different building and raw materials ranged from 11.6 ± 1.7 (concrete) to 251.2 ± 25.7 Bqkg-1 (GBFS), 14.0 ± 2.7 (concrete) to 54.4 ± 8.3 (coal fly ash) and 147.2 ± 19.0 (concrete) to 773.7 ± 82.0 Bqkg-1 (tuff) for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Radium equivalent activity, activity concentration index, absorbed gamma dose rate indoor due to the external exposure and corresponding annual effective dose were determined to estimate the exposure risk arising due to the use of these building and raw materials.

scholarly journals Radioactivity in soil from Mojkovac, Montenegro, and assessment of radiological and cancer risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Antovic ◽  
Danilo Boskovic ◽  
Nikola Svrkota ◽  
Ivanka Antovic
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Gonadal Dose ◽  
Mean Lifetime ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity

Soil samples from Mojkovac, Montenegro, were analyzed by standard gamma-spectrometry for radioactivity due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs. Average activity concentrations have been found to be 28.6, 43.1, 620.8, and 55 Bq/kg, respectively. In order to evaluate the radiation hazard, radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external and internal hazard indexes, and the annual gonadal dose equivalent were determined and found to be at an average of 133.79 Bq/kg, 65.18 nGy/h, 79.93 mSv/y, 0.37, 0.45, and 0.46 mSv/y, respectively. With life expectancy taken to be 70 years, a mean lifetime outdoor gamma radiation was calculated as 5.6 mSv, yielding a lifetime cancer risk of 2.8?10-4.

scholarly journals Measurement of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas Concentration in Surface Soil samples within Jalingo Metropolis, North East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
T Sombo ◽  
F Bibi ◽  
AA Tyovenda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
North East ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity

Activity concentrations of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and radon gas in soil samples collected within Jalingo Metropolis were assessed by gamma spectrometric techniques using Na (TI) scintillation detector. The result showed an average activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K to be 18.626±7.31 Bq/kg, 16.709±10.96 Bq/kg and,167.935±389.33 Bq/kg. The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th were lower than the world average value while 40K was far higher that the recommended value.Most people in the study area use soil for building construction therefore, it was necessary to asses if there are any radiological hazards associated with the soil. This was achieved by determining Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), internal hazard index (Hin) and Annual effective dose rate. The result indicates that the indices are within normal limit. The Radon concentration in soil varies 11.126±1.315 kBq/kg to 30.374±3.331 kBq/kg with a mean value of 17.881±7.019 kBq/kg which is within the safety limits. Generally, the result showed that the soil in the study area might not pose major hazard to the members of the public

scholarly journals Natural radioactivity and external dose assessment of surface soils in Bolikhamxay province, Laos

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loat Bui Van
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
World Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Activity

We have determined activity concentrations in 33 soil samples collected from Bolikhamxay Province, Laos. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra,232Th and 40K in soil samples were measured by a gamma spectrometer with a HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are 43.8 ± 5.6, 57.0 ± 7.3 and 426.4 ± 23.1 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in this work are higher than those of the world average values. Meanwhile, the  activity concentration of 40 K is almost the same of the world average value. The estimated average outdoor annual effective dose (E) and radium equivalent actitvity (Raeq) are 0.17 ± 0.02 mSv.yr-1 and 154.8 ± 16.1 Bq.kg-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement of Radioactivity And Assessment of Radiological Hazard of Tea Samples Collected From Local Market In Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Najnin Aktar ◽  
Suranjan Kumar Das ◽  
Selina Yeasmin ◽  
MM Mahfuz Siraz ◽  
AFM Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and radiological hazard indices in eleven tea samples collected from local market in Bangladesh have been analyzed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in tea samples have been found to be 21.21±14.04, 32.43±7.48 and 93.47 ± 43.94 Bqkg-1 respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rates due to these radioactive nuclides in tea samples have been found to vary from 26.24 nGyh-1 to 37.95 nGyh-1 and average value was 33.28 nGyh-1. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose rates varied from 38.64  µSvy-1 to 55.89 µSvy-1 with the mean value of 49.02 µSvy-1 which is less than the world average value of 1000 µSvy-1. The values of radium equivalent activity in all samples are less than the permissible maximum value of the radium equivalent activity which is 370 Bqkg-1 according to UNSCEAR 2000 report. The values of external and internal hazard indices for different samples varied from 0.16 to 0.23 with the average value of 0.20 and from 0.21 to 0.29 with an average of 0.26. The value of this index must be less than unity in order to keep the radiation hazard insignificant. It was also found that there is no artificial radionuclide (for example 137Cs) in any of the samples. The data generated in this study will provide baseline radiometric values for natural and artificial radioactivity in tea samples in Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 171-176, 2018

Radioactivity concentrations and dose assessments of therapeutic peloids from some Turkish spas

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzez Çelik Karakaya ◽  
Mahmut Doğru ◽  
Necati Karakaya ◽  
Hasibe Cingilli Vural ◽  
Fatih Kuluöztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Gonadal Dose ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Dose Assessments

AbstractThe activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in peloids were studied to assess the radiologic hazard from 18 Turkish spas. The peloids are mainly used for therapeutic treatments, rheumatic diseases and aesthetic purposes. The concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs were determined with a gamma ray spectrometer using a HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in the peloids studied were 110.69, 71.52, 576.48 and 0.447 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activities in the peloid samples ranged from 63.3 to 766.77 Bq/kg. The absorbed dose rate (Dout) varied between 37.52 and 330.67 nGy/h and most of the observed spa doses are greater than the worldwide recommended values. The annual effective dose values range from 0.26 to 2.78 μSv/y. The annual gonadal dose equivalents of the samples vary from 224.07 to 2283.55 with a mean of 821.99 μSv/y.

Significance of Uranium Series Disequilibrium and Their Radiological Impacts In Abu Garadi Altered Granites.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud khattab ◽  
Waleed A. El-Said ◽  
Neveen S. Abed ◽  
A. F. Tawfic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Reduction Zone ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract Radioactivity of U, Th series and 40K in the collected samples from Abu Garadi area were measured using Hyper Pure Germanium detector Gamma spectrometer (HPGe). 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 238U contents were determined in the different samples that indicating high uranium high thorium type of these granites. The activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, 234U/238U activity ratio of the studied altered granites ranged between 1.98 to 4.25 with 2.89 as an average, indicating that the samples passed from the incipience of the oxidation-reduction zone (234U/238U=1.98) to the reduction zone (234U/238U= 4.52). 238U/235U activity ratios showed broad range as a result of the alteration processes. 226Ra and 40K are very important in determination of different environmental hazard impacts. The activity concentrations average of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 6553.7 ± 3.1 Bq kg− 1, 3944 ± 0.9 Bq kg− 1 201.3 ± 1.1 Bq kg− 1 and 619.4 ± 0.02 Bq kg− 1. The absorbed gamma dose rate (D), external hazard index (Hex), annual effective dose rate equivalent, radium equivalent (Raeq), internal hazard index (Hin), gamma index (Iγ) as well as Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) were applied based on the measured radionuclide concentration of the 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K.

scholarly journals Estimation the Radionuclides concentrations, Risk indicators and annual doses in soils of residential and agricultural regions in Kirkuk city

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Berivan Mohammad Abdwllah ◽  
Sabah Mahmoud Aman Allah
Keyword(s):  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Good Agreement

The aim of the current study is to measure the of the radio nuclides, Risk indicators and annual doses in selected soils samples for the residential and agriculture areas in Kirkuk governorate by using the spectroscopy technique of high-purity germanium detector where 10 soil samples were collected at depth of 20 cm. The present study shows that radioactivity results for the isotopes were as the following: Radium 226Ra, Actinium 228Ac and potassium 40K are (27.6±4.1-43.3±5.4 Bq.kg-1) with average value (32.86±4.95 Bq.kg-1) and (12.4±0.8-28.12±4.2 Bq.kg-1) with average value (20.492±2.77 Bq.kg-1) and (225±9.2-327±12.1 Bq.kg-1) with average value (268.76±9.06 Bq.kg-1) respectively. The factor Raeq Radium equivalent (63.966-92.759 Bq.kg-1) and the radioactivity concentration ( (0.469-0.666 Bq.kg-1), Hazardous factors of internal and external are (0.366280-0.247378 Bq.kg-1) (0.172784-0.249254 Bq.kg-1) respectively. The air absorbed does (30.332-43.185) nGy.h-1, while the Risk indicator for the internal and external annual effective dose were (0.148797-0.220033) mSv.y -1 and (0.037199-0.052963) mSv.y -1 respectively. The comparison of the  present results present a good agreement with the acceptable standard values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and has not influences  on the health, environment and agriculture.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.015  

scholarly journals ESTIMATION ON THE RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN FLOODED SOIL SAMPLES IN KADUNA NORTH, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
P.M. Gyuk ◽  
J.O. Anaegbu ◽  
H.O. Aboh ◽  
R. Daniel ◽  
A. Aruwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The background radiation of the areas was collected at random for each point using a rados survey meter. The detectors (two rados survey meter were used) were placed 1 meter above the ground with the operator positioned a few meters away. Three (3) readings were taking from each detector in other to reduce error or reach accuracy in obtaining the background readings from each randomly selected point where soil samples were later collected. In the current study, the concentration levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) of 40K, 232Th, and 238U in the surface soil samples of selected areas in kigo road new extension Kaduna north, Kaduna in Nigeria were studied. The collected soil samples were analyzed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of the natural occurring radionuclides of  226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were estimated to be 62, 78.35, 227.17 Bq/kg respectively for kigo road new extension respectively. Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent were also calculated for assessment of radiological risk. External hazard value (Hex) is between 0.3163 and 0.9557 and Internal hazard value is between 0.4462 and 1.1618. The worldwide average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from various studies around the world have values of 37, 30 and 400 Bq/kg respectively [UNSCEAR, 2000]. The values compared well with published data from UNSCEAR shows Ra-226, Th-232 from the location are well above the standards while K-40 below the risk value.

scholarly journals Assessment of Radioactivity and Radiological Hazard of Different Food Items Collected from Local Market in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Afrin Sultana ◽  
MM Mahfuz Siraz ◽  
Shikha Pervin ◽  
AFM Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Suranajan Kumar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Market ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Natural And Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Sixteen samples in three categories vegetables, cereals (rice, wheat, maize, pulse) and powdered milk were collected from local markets (Dhaka city) in Bangladesh and analyzed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector for the assessment of natural and artificial radioactivity. In vegetables (potato, raw banana, giant taro, red amaranth), the average activity concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 37.82±11.57, 54.93±9.98 and 617.43±65.69 Bqkg-1 respectively, for cereals (rice, wheat, maize, pulse) 24.01±3.67, 31.46±4.00 and 474.83±27.68 Bqkg-1 respectively and for milk samples 15.01±3.65, 26.73±6.77 and 494.21±38.71 Bqkg-1 respectively. The average values of outdoor annual effective dose were found to be 92.18, 61.19 and 52.37μSvy-1 in vegetables, cereals and milk samples respectively. No artificial radionuclide was found in any of these samples. The average value of radium equivalent activity in all samples was 113.89 Bqkg-1 which was less than maximum permissible value 370 Bqkg-1. The values of external hazard indices for vegetables, cereals and milk samples varied from 0.31 to 0.66, 0.17 to 0.40 and 0.11 to 0.36 respectively which is less than unity in all samples that indicate the non-hazardous nature of the samples. The average values of annual effective ingestion dose rate from foods (for adult) were 274.33 μSvy-1, 533.60μSvy-1, and 132.73μSvy-1for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K respectively. These data would be useful to establish a baseline for natural radioactivity concentrations in food items consumed in Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 141-148, 2019

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