scholarly journals “It’s All about the Scenery”: Tourists’ Perceptions of Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Lofoten Islands, Norway

ARCTIC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bjørn P. Kaltenborn ◽  
Eivind F. Kaltenborn ◽  
John D.C. Linnell
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Lofoten Islands ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Depth Interviews

The Lofoten Islands in northern Norway face challenges from increasing visitor numbers, congestion, environmental impacts, and growing host-visitor tensions. Benefits include increased local employment and growing revenues. Future tourism policy requires better documentation of the non-economic benefits and values associated with tourism in Lofoten; this information is important to the development of policy and management processes. We conducted 45 in-depth interviews with domestic and international visitors, using the cultural ecosystem services (ES) framework to ascertain the core elements of the tourism experience, as well as views on management needs and development. We probed reflections on place, aesthetics, recreational opportunities, inspiration, social relations, cultural heritage, knowledge, spirituality, and identity by offering a combination of statements and questions. All these categories of cultural ES were important to most visitors. However, the importance of the landscape was paramount. Policy implications include the need to include landscape in ES assessments, to map places of especially high scenic value, and to use the ES framework more extensively to identify and compare non-economic and economic tourism values and benefits.

scholarly journals Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Change along an Urban-Periurban Gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maraja Riechers ◽  
Micha Strack ◽  
Jan Barkmann ◽  
Teja Tscharntke
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Perceived Importance

Urbanization by densification is globally increasing and endangers maintenance of urban green and associated social-ecological systems. Cultural ecosystem services play a crucial role in human well-being, especially in urban areas. We analyzed perceived importance of cultural ecosystem services provided by green space in Berlin along an urban-periurban gradient. Based on extensive pretests, we designed a standardized questionnaire and conducted 558 face-to-face interviews. B using multiple regressions and principal component analysis, we show that perceived importance of cultural ecosystem services and patterns of urban green use are affected by an urbanization gradient and associated changes in population density. Important cultural ecosystem services decreases in urban core areas with higher population density, whereas people in periurban areas with more available green spaces exhibit a greater valuation of nature. In contrast, social relations and cultural diversity had the highest importance in the urban core, while cultural heritage, education, natural awareness, recreation, and aesthetical appreciation were higher valued in the less populated periurban areas, suggesting two bundles of cultural ecosystem services.

scholarly journals ICONIC MANAKINS AND DESPICABLE GRACKLES: COMPARING BIRD-RELATED CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ACROSS BIRDWATCHERS, FARMERS, AND URBANITES IN NORTHWESTERN COSTA RICA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Echeverri ◽  
Robin Naidoo ◽  
Daniel S. Karp ◽  
Kai M.A. Chan ◽  
Jiaying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Negative Feelings

AbstractDespite the great cultural and economic benefits associated with birdwatching and other bird-related cultural ecosystem services (CES), little is known about the bird-related CES perceived by people, and how they differ across stakeholder groups and species. The goal of this study was to explore CES across three stakeholder groups in northwestern Costa Rica. We conducted surveys (n=404 total) in which we presented farmers (n=140), urbanites (n=149), and birdwatchers (n=115) with pictures and songs of bird species and collected participants’ ratings on items designed to measure multiple CES. We found bird-related CES were perceived as six different constructs: identity, bequest, education, birdwatching, acoustic aesthetic, and disservices. The three stakeholder groups varied across these constructs and across species. Specifically, birdwatchers ranked species higher in terms of their education scores and lower in disservices scores compared to the other two groups. Positive correlations across CES, and negative correlations with disservices, suggest that the affect heuristic (by which generalized positive or negative feelings sway judgements of risks and benefits) might be informing bird-related CES. Our approach represents a novel method for assessing CES that can be adapted and modified for different taxa and multiple geographical contexts.

scholarly journals Mapping Cultural Ecosystem Services Enables Better Informed Nature Protection and Landscape Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gréta Vrbičanová ◽  
Dominika Kaisová ◽  
Matej Močko ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Peter Mederly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Management Processes

Cultural ecosystem services (CES) have specific richness and diversity provision patterns related to particular landscape features and land cover forms. Studies of their spatial distribution, however, are quite rare in the Slovak Republic and surrounding countries. This paper links land cover information based on an ecosystem services (ES) matrix, field survey data and GIS method to assess CES supply in two selected Slovak regions. Our main focus is on the ecologically more valuable ‘hot-spots’ where socio-cultural values accumulate. We determined their spatial distribution, and our comparison with lower cultural value areas confirmed that mountainous landscapes have the highest capacity to provide CES. This especially applies to the landscapes under National Park protection. While Slovak forests, rocks and water areas also form essential ecosystems for overall CES provision, the lowest overall capacity is in areas with residential buildings, construction, industrial and other artificial habitats. Finally, a comparison of our results with the National Ecosystem Assessment indicates that our detailed CES assessment will be more effective in supporting future participatory planning and management processes.

scholarly journals Mapping Urban Park Cultural Ecosystem Services: A Comparison of Twitter and Semi-Structured Interview Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6137
Author(s):  
Michelle Johnson ◽  
Lindsay Campbell ◽  
Erika Svendsen ◽  
Heather McMillen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Prospect Park

Understanding the benefits received from urban greenspace is critical for planning and decision-making. The benefits of parks can be challenging to measure and evaluate, which calls for the development of novel methods. Crowdsourced data from social media can provide a platform for measuring and understanding social values. However, such methods can have drawbacks, including representation bias, undirected content, and a lack of demographic data. We compare the amount and distribution of park benefits elicited from (1) tweets on Twitter about Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York (n = 451) with park benefits derived from (2) broad (n = 288) and (3) directed (n = 39) questions on two semi-structured interview protocols for park users within Prospect Park. We applied combined deductive and inductive coding to all three datasets, drawing from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s (MEA) cultural ecosystem services (CES) framework. All three methods elicited an overlapping set of CES, but only the Twitter dataset captured all 10 MEA-defined CES. All methods elicited social relations and recreation as commonly occurring, but only the directed question interview protocol was able to widely elicit spiritual values. We conclude this paper with a discussion of tradeoffs and triangulation opportunities when using Twitter data to measure CES and other urban park benefits.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN MALACCA CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shazwanie Rosehan ◽  
Azlan Abas ◽  
Kadaruddin Aiyub
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Political Economic

The benefits from ecosystem services have the prospective and potential to improve the Malay urban design and increase the quality of life. However, rapid development and urbanization activities are increasingly causing a conversion from the original functions and changes that can affect the urban environment. This paper aims to update current understanding of the concept of Malay cultural ecosystem services in Malacca City. Quantitative research through the survey method to 150 Malay respondents have been carried out in order to identify the parameters describing the types and value of the Malay cultural ecosystem services in the city context. The result revealed aesthetic value, recreational, tourism, social relations, spiritual and educational as the most significance parameters of the Malay cultural ecosystem services. The paper concluded that only through good practices from all parties can reduce the incredible development effects as political, economic and social systems is inevitable and constantly generates new demand.

No Place like Home: Rooming Houses in Contemporary Urban Context

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Mifflin ◽  
Robert Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Depth Interviews

In this paper we connect existing work on rooming houses to literature dealing with the meaningful nature of ‘home’ and its impact on individuals' health and social well-being. We then examine the extent to which rooming houses provide low-income tenants with ‘homes’, drawing from in-depth interviews with rooming-house tenants living in Hamilton, a city of 450 000 people in southern Ontario, Canada. Our analysis raises concerns about the capacity of rooming houses to provide affordable and stable accommodation. Poor living conditions and poor relations with rooming-house landlords worked directly against the capacity of rooms to offer private, controllable spaces and a degree of ontological security. Analysis also raised concerns about rooming houses as sites for social relations. Many respondents saw rooming houses as unpredictable and sometimes unhealthy social spaces, forcing them to seek other environments to cultivate and sustain relationships with friends and family. In general, respondents' experiences point to the shortcomings of rooming houses as ‘home’ environments, with implications for the health and social lives of the tenant population. Conceptual and policy implications are discussed in conclusion.

scholarly journals How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Amber Theeuwen ◽  
Valérie Duplat ◽  
Christopher Wickert ◽  
Brian Tjemkes
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Female Farmers

In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.

scholarly journals Eye-tracking support for architects, conservators, and museologists. Anastylosis as pretext for research and discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
The Way

AbstractConservators, museologists, and architects make extremely complex decisions capable of affecting the way people perceive monuments. One might give this idea deeper consideration while pondering anastylosis. One of the things a designer should do when selecting a method of merging together parts of a damaged monument is answer the question whether the chosen method will facilitate the interest of onlookers in the presented object. In which case will the observers spend most of their time looking at the authentic relic fragments and distinguishing between the old and the new parts? The definitions in force do not explain how to approach this topic. By using eye-tracking research, we can learn how observers look at historical objects that have been reassembled again. By combining the observation of visual behaviours with a survey of people looking at such objects, it is possible to see how the process of classifying what is new and old actually works. This knowledge allows for more conscious approach to heritage management processes. In future, results of eye-tracking experiments should help experts plan sustainable conservation projects. Thanks to knowing the reactions of regular people, one will be able to establish conservation programmes in which the material preservation of a monument will reflect the way in which this object affects contemporary onlookers. Such an approach ought to result in real social and economic benefits.

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