scholarly journals Context aware Routing to Assist Routing Decisions for Quality Improvement in Multi Hop Ad hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Trilok Kumar Saini ◽  
Subhash C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Context Awareness ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Hoc Networks

The context information is an intriguing aspect of decision making. The context-awareness can be useful in the ad hoc networks in which nodes are mobile, and the conditions are dynamic. In ad hoc networks, routing protocols are intended to discover the route over multi-hop wireless links under varying conditions. The context-awareness can assist the routing protocols in determining the appropriate path. This paper investigates into choosing the appropriate route by applying the context information and presents the approach to improve the decision making and the quality of the route. We consider nodes, connecting links, and different layers as the context. The paper introduces the scalability and flexibility in the set of parameters that govern the eminence of the node inter-connection that, in turn, influences the overall quality of the route. We propose the context-aware dynamic routing protocol (CADR) and present the approach, algorithm, and analysis. We simulate the protocol by taking the flexible combination of the context attributes and the values, also compares the performance with AODV. The simulation results show that the protocol chooses the appropriate route as per the considered attributes and weight, and provide the enhanced performance

scholarly journals Performance of Reactive Routing Protocols DSR and AODV in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Quality of Service (Qos) Metrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2033-2039
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Traffic Models ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

This article analyzes and compares the service quality metrics in reactive routing protocols AODV and DSR in VANET. Through the revision of the recorded information we study the characteristics, classification, applications and different traffic models. All these parameters are taken into account in the modelling of vehicular traffic in the downtown of Loja City. In order to get the corresponding results, three different scenarios each with a different node density have been created. According to the collected data, it is possible to verify which routing protocol is the most suitable for the Ad-Hoc networks proposed in this study.

Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Ahemd M. Alotaibi ◽  
Salman A. AlQahtani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Primary Users ◽  
Route Stability ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Qos Metrics

Routing is an important issue in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) owing to the stochastic activity of primary users (PUs). In particular, route stability remains an important issue in the CRAHN protocols. In this paper, the authors propose a stability-weighted cumulative expected transmission time (SWCETT) routing protocol. The SWCETT routing protocol aims towards providing the most optimal route based on both quality of service (QoS) metrics, such as delay and throughput, and stability of the route in the CRAHN. The performance of the SWCETT routing protocol is determined through simulations and compared with other routing protocols. The proposed routing protocol is capable of providing better delay and throughput than other routing protocols. The results prove the importance of the route stability metric in raising the performance of CRAHNs.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

An Efficient Two-Mode Routing Protocol in Dense and Sparse Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 817-821
Author(s):  
Ing Chau Chang ◽  
Yuan Fen Wang ◽  
Chien Hsun Li ◽  
Cheng Fu Chou
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intersection Graph ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Transmission Delays ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

This paper adopts a two-mode intersection graph-based routing protocol to support efficient packet forwarding for both dense and sparse vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). We first create an intersection graph (IG) consisting of all connected road segments, which densities are high enough. Hence, the source vehicle leverages the proposed IG/IG bypass mode to greedily forward unicast packets to the boundary intersection via the least cost path of current IG. We then perform the IG-Ferry mode to spray a limited number of packet copies via relay vehicles to reach the boundary intersection of another IG where the destination vehicle resides. NS2 simulations are conducted to show that the two-mode IG/IG-Ferry outperforms well-known VANET routing protocols, in terms of average packet delivery ratios and end-to-end transmission delays.

Research of Secure Scheme against Data Flooding Attack in Ad Hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yong Shi Sun ◽  
Xiao Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Flooding Attack ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

DATA flooding attack is a serious menace for the security of on-demand routing protocol in Ad Hoc networks. In the paper, on the basis of three typical on-demand routing protocols AODV, DSR and TORA, we present a special security scheme against data flooding attack. Then we simulate the scheme on NS2 platform and compare two performance parameters before and after using the scheme: average delay and packet delivery rate. The results indicate that this project is comparatively effective to resist the DATA flooding attack.

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