scholarly journals Growing Cauliflower in Winter under Passive Solar Greenhouse in Trans Himalayan Ladakh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Phunchok Angmo ◽  
Tsering Dolma ◽  
Anand K Katiyar ◽  
O. P. Chaurasia ◽  
Tsering Stobdan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passive Solar

Traditionally cauliflower is not grown during winter months in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region due to sub-zero degree celsius at night. Accordingly, the feasibility of growing cauliflower, a temperature-sensitive crop, was studied during winter months in a passive solar greenhouse in the high altitude (elevation 3340 m) trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. Studies were conducted during 2017-2020 with three commercial varieties. Curd was formed in all the varieties despite the temperature extremes (0.0±1.6 to 39.5±0.9 ºC) in the greenhouse. Harvesting was done in the month of February. The mean marketable curd weight ranged from 258±113 to 743±62 g depending on variety and year, which suggested that cauliflower can be successfully grown during winter months in the trans-Himalaya. However, the marketable curd weight was significantly lower as compared to the yield potential of the varieties. High temperature inside the greenhouse resulted in the occurrence of fuzziness, and it ranged from 0-35% of the harvested curd depending on the year and variety. Fuzziness was not observed in cv Shentha while 10.4-35% of cv Amazing exhibited fuzziness.

scholarly journals Growing Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.) in Cold Winter under Passive Solar Greenhouse in Trans Himalayan Ladakh Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Phunchok Angmo ◽  
Tsering Dolma ◽  
Desyong Namgail ◽  
O. P. Chaurasia ◽  
Tsering Stobdan
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Passive Solar

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in three seasons (2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20) to study the feasibility to grow cabbage, a temperature sensitive crop, during freezing winter months at high altitude (elevation 3340 m) trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. Three varieties viz. Golden Acre, Videshi and Megaton were studied under an improvised passive solar greenhouse. Head was formed in all the varieties despite the temperature extremes (0.0±1.6 to 39.5±0.9 ºC) inside the greenhouse. The mean marketable head weight ranged from 428.6±72.1 g to 831.2±193.0 g, depending on the variety. The mean head weight of Golden Acre was 831 g, which is 15-fold higher as compared to that of the crop grown under traditional greenhouse in Ladakh. However, the marketable head weight was lower as compared to the yield potential of the varieties. It took 133-163 days for Golden Acre to reach maturity for harvest as compared to the expected 60-65 days. Dramatic declines in intercellular CO2 concentration, photosynthesis rate and water-use efficiency were observed at 2:00 PM, which indicated that the plants were severely affected by high temperatures inside the greenhouse. High temperature inside the greenhouse resulted in bolting, head-splitting and loose head forming, and it ranged from 8-36% of the crop depending on the year and variety. The study suggested that cabbage can be successfully grown under improvised passive solar greenhouse during severe winter months in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh.

scholarly journals Passive Solar Greenhouse for Round The Year Vegetable Cultivation in Trans Himalayan Ladakh Region, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Phunchok Angmo ◽  
Tsering Dolma ◽  
Desyong Namgail ◽  
Tsewang Tamchos ◽  
Tsewang Norbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Passive Solar ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

The trans-Himalayan Ladakh region remains cut-off for over six months in a year due to heavy snowfall. Availability of locally grown fresh vegetables is restricted to summer months and therefore, there are seasonal differences in dietary intake of food. Passive solar greenhouse has played a significant role not only in production of leafy vegetables in sub-zero temperature during winter months but also helped in extending the growing season in Ladakh. It is now a common practice to raise vegetable nurseries in spring and grow leafy vegetables during winter months in the greenhouse. Each year an average of 733 greenhouses covering 44313.4 m2 area are being established in Leh district. Passive solar greenhouse structures such as Ladakhi greenhouse, trench, polytrench, polyench, polycarbonate, FRP and polynet have been designed and tested in the inhospitable environment of trans–Himalaya. The greenhouse is used mainly during winter, and majority of farmers (91.7 %) do not use the structures in summer. Insect-pest, irrigation in winter and frequent replacement of cladding materials are the major problems being faced by the farmers in the region. There is a need to improvise the greenhouse design to make it economically viable and technologically feasible to grow a variety of crops, especially during winter months.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Saket Kumar Niranjan ◽  
Ranjit S. Kataria ◽  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
Vijay K. Bharti ◽  
Bhuvnesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endurance Stress

Zanskar pony, a native horse breed of Ladakh mainly used for transportation in Trans-Himalayan region of India, is well adapted to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Due to extreme conditions of the Ladakh region, better endurance of these ponies under hypoxic and extreme cold conditions is of utmost concern for their recruitment in Indian Army. In the present study, 12 young trained Zanskar ponies were evaluated during endurance exercise at an altitude of 3292 meter above mean sea level. The animals were subjected to carriage transport with 65-70Kg load or riding on a track of 5-6 Km. Physiological parameters <em>viz</em>., pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) were recorded in Zanskar ponies during pre-exercise (T<sub>0</sub>), post- exercise (T<sub>1</sub>) and post recovery (T<sub>2, </sub>2 hours post resting) stages. Results showed marked increase in PR, HR, RR and RT post exercise time points. The mean values of PR increased from 49.83±4.62 to 73.67±21.54 per minute, HR from 48±13.60 to 75±15.82 beats/min, RR from 37.83±9.70 to 57.67±13.48 per min and RT from 99.62±0.34 101.04±0.53 °F from pre stress to post endurance stress. The mean SaO<sub>2 </sub>level reduced significantly (88.58±6.75 at T<sub>0</sub> versus 64.00±18.70 at T<sub>1</sub> and 54.42±14.79 at T<sub>2</sub>) post exercise. This indicated limited availability of arterial oxygen for tissues which could be vital factor for adverse change in some of physio-biochemical parameters. Though the trend of physiological response was similar for all the 12 animals, still variation at individual animal level was observed during endurance stress. In future, some of these physiological parameters along with biochemical and molecular parameters could be evaluated as potential biomarkers in selecting ponies with superior endurance trait specifically under hypoxic conditions.

Contrast of Filament Bright Rims

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
E. V. Kononovich ◽  
O. B. Smirnova ◽  
P. Heinzel ◽  
P. Kotrč
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe Hα filtergrams obtained at Tjan-Shan High Altitude Observatory near Alma-Ata (Moscow University Station) were measured in order to specify the bright rims contrast at different points along the line profile (0.0; ± 0.25; ± 0.5; ± 0.75 and ± 1.0 Å). The mean contrast value in the line center is about 25 percent. The bright rims interpretation as the bases of magnetic structures supporting the filaments is suggested.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive lethal mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Schmid ◽  
N Kapur ◽  
D R Isaacson ◽  
P Lindroos ◽  
C Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nonpermissive Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Lethal Phenotype ◽  
Lethal Mutations

Abstract We have isolated 440 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that show temperature-sensitive growth on complex medium at 44 degrees. Approximately 16% of the mutations in these strains have been mapped to 17 chromosomal locations; two of these chromosomal locations seem to include several essential genes. Genetic analysis of the mutations suggests that the collection saturates the genes readily mutable to a ts lethal phenotype in S. typhimurium. Physiological characteristics of the ts lethal mutants were tested: 6% of the mutants can grow at high temperature under anaerobic conditions, 17% can grow when the medium includes 0.5 M KCl, and 9% of the mutants die after a 2-hr incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. Most ts lethal mutations in this collection probably affect genes required for growth at all temperatures (not merely during high temperature growth) since Tn10 insertions that cause a temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype are rare.

scholarly journals Estimation of technical efficiency of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) farming in northwest Ethiopia: a stochastic frontier approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tadie Mirie Abate ◽  
Betelhem Tsedalu Adane ◽  
Tiru Tesfa ◽  
Shegaw Getu
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Ethiopia is one of the east African countries which produce and exports various spices to other countries. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an important stiff annual flowering plant which mainly grows by producers for its seeds. An increasing demand of black cumin seed and oil in local, national and international market for medicinal, consumption and commercial purpose makes the best alternative crop for small holder farmers in Ethiopia. In spite of its importance, not much has been done to improve its production and productivity in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research was designed to examining efficiency variations and factors influencing technical inefficiency levels of producers on black cumin production in northwest Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 188 black cumin producers selected using systematic random sampling technique. Moreover, various data analysis methods such as descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model were used for analyzing the data. The empirical result obtained by applying maximum likelihood estimate of stochastic frontier model revealed that seed (p < 0.01) labor (p < 0.05), chemical (p < 0.01) and land (p < 0.05) were significant input variables in determining black cumin production. The mean technical efficiency level of black cumin producer was generally low, about 53.1%. The mean value of actual yield, potential yield and yield gap was 3.131, 5.832 and 2.701 quintals, respectively. Moreover, the result of stochastic frontier model together with the inefficiency parameters revealed that market price of black cumin (p < 0.01) and access of extension service (p < 0.1) were significant variables and positively influenced the efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Whereas age of producers (p < 0.05) and distance to farm plot (p < 0.01) negatively influenced the technical efficiency levels of black cumin producers. Therefore, the study recommends that adoption of latest agricultural technologies; development of institutions, agricultural extension services and infrastructure are advisable to improve the efficiency and commercial value of black cumin production.

An active solar water wall for passive solar greenhouse heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 118270
Author(s):  
Weiwei Xu ◽  
Huiqing Guo ◽  
Chengwei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Wall ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Passive Solar

Mutations in SPT16/CDC68 suppress cis- and trans-acting mutations that affect promoter function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5710-5717
Author(s):  
E A Malone ◽  
C D Clark ◽  
A Chiang ◽  
F Winston
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Upstream Activating Sequence ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Insertion Mutations

SPT16 was previously identified as a high-copy-number suppressor of delta insertion mutations in the 5' regions of the HIS4 and LYS2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have constructed null mutations in the SPT16 gene and have demonstrated that it is essential for growth. Temperature-sensitive-lethality spt16 alleles have been isolated and shown to be pleiotropic; at a temperature permissive for growth, spt16 mutations suppress delta insertion mutations, a deletion of the SUC2 upstream activating sequence, and mutations in trans-acting genes required for both SUC2 and Ty expression. In addition, SPT16 is identical to CDC68, a gene previously shown to be required for passage through the cell cycle control point START. However, at least some transcriptional effects caused by spt16 mutations are independent of arrest at START. These results and those in the accompanying paper (A. Rowley, R. A. Singer, and G. C. Johnston, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5718-5726, 1991) indicate that SPT16/CDC68 is required for normal transcription of many loci in S. cerevisiae.

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