scholarly journals L’expertise communicationnelle au prisme de ses instruments

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Grignon
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Web Analytics ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Communications Industry ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Simple Measuring ◽  
The Way

Logiciels de veille, analytics, cartographies… s’imposent comme les auxiliaires du communicant. S’ils semblent perçus comme de simples outils de mesure, ils accompagnent la redéfinition des professions et contribuent à l’institutionnalisation de savoirs, de savoir-lire et de savoir-faire. À travers l’observation de Google Analytics, cette contribution s’intéresse à l’action des équipements de l’expertise, aux représentations qu’ils actualisent, à la manière dont ils préconfigurent des espaces de pratiques possibles. Comment influent-ils sur les compétences, connaissances et attitudes que les praticiens doivent intégrer ? Dans quelle mesure participent-ils à la professionnalisation des « métiers du numérique » ? L’analyse sémio-communicationnelle de GA illustre la diversité des prises que se donnent ses concepteurs sur la circulation des savoirs, compétences et valeurs dans ces mondes professionnels. Elle articule trois regards sur le logiciel. Elle l’envisage comme une technologie herméneutique contribuant à la stabilisation d’une manière de contempler l’objet de l’expertise communicationnelle (le web et les productions médiatiques). Elle l’observe comme une technologie pragmatique qui représente, autorise et suggère des usages, configurant l’usager, le conduisant à adopter une posture d’enquêteur, d’analyste, puis de gestionnaire. Elle l’étudie comme une technologie normative disciplinant la pratique des professionnels, imposant valeurs et normes pour décrire et concevoir les médias informatisés. Intelligence softwares, web analytics, network mappings… have gradually emerged as almost indispensable auxiliary equipment for marketing and communication experts. Although generally thought of as simple measuring instruments, these medias embody definite conceptions of communication and contribute to the socio-symbolic construction of expertise. Through careful observation of Google Analytics, this article critically reflects on web analytics tools and the way they influence professionals in their daily jobs. How do they impact the skills and knowledge the experts now have to integrate? How do they influence the professionalization process of the communications industry? From a semio-political perspective, this contribution explores how far a firm like Google can shape the evolution of professional communication. Three hypotheses are discussed. First, Google Analytics is considered as a technology that guides media interpretation, then, as an instrument that encourages its user to adopt certain postures, and finally, as a means to institute a set of norms and values to describe and design websites.

The moral and political economy of suicide prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110011
Author(s):  
Scott J Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Way

Suicide prevention occurs within a web of social, moral, and political relations that are acknowledged, yet rarely made explicit. In this work, I analyse these interrelations using concepts of moral and political economy to demonstrate how moral norms and values interconnect with political and economic systems to inform the way suicide prevention is structured, legitimated, and enacted. Suicide prevention is replete with ideologies of individualism, risk, and economic rationalism that translate into a specific set of social practices. These bring a number of ethical, procedural, and distributive considerations to the fore. Closer attention to these issues is needed to reflect the moral and political contexts in which decision-making about suicide prevention occurs, and the implications of these decisions for policy, practice, and for those whose lives they impact.

scholarly journals Sproglige kategoriseringer af småbørn

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Holm
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Linguistic Categorization ◽  
Academic Discourses ◽  
The Way

ResuméFormelle institutionelle kategoriseringer af småbørns sproglige udvikling analyseres i denne artikel dels som et udtryk for bestemte teoretiske positioner og faglige traditioner i måden at betragte sprog og sproglig udvikling på, og dels som normative faglige og politiske perspektiver på, hvordan børns sproglige udvikling bør forstås og forløbe. En analyse af de skiftende kategoriseringer udgør derfor et produktivt omdrejningspunkt for at belyse centrale udviklingsprocesser i rammesætningen af det sprogpædagogiske arbejde i dagtilbud. I artiklen identificeres tre forskellige tilgange til sproglig kategorisering af småbørn inden for dagtilbudsområdet. Artiklen trækker bredt på analyser af lovgivning, faglige diskurser, sproglige testmaterialer og på fremtrædende, nyere programmer og koncepter, der sigter mod at udvikle småbørns sprog. AbstractIn this article, formal institutional categorizations of young children’s language development are analyzed in two ways. Partly as an expression of certain theoretical positions and academic traditions in the way language and language development are considered, and partly as a normative academic and political perspective on how children’s language development should be understood and proceed. Therefore an analysis of the changing categorizations of young children’s language development is a productive focal point to highlight key development processes around the framing of the language work in day care. The article identifies three different approaches to linguistic categorization of young children in day care drawing broadly on analyzes of legislation, academic discourses, linguistic test materials and prominent, newer programs and concepts that aim to develop young children’s language.

Exchange, religion, identity and central places in the early Middle Ages

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Theuws
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Central Places ◽  
Prestige Goods ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractExchange in the early Middle Ages has traditionally been studied from a ‘technological’, ‘economic’ or ‘socio-political’ perspective, and has examined such issues as transport practices, supply and demand, or the ways in which exchange helps to maintain and reproduce the socio-political order. A particular focus of research has been the significance of the exchange of prestige goods for the power of the king and the aristocracy. There has been almost no analysis to date of the complexity of the exchange system as a whole, which – together with the exchange of commodities and gifts – includes the keeping of objects. Nor have archaeologists paid much attention to the relationship between forms of exchange (and the norms and values associated with them) and the imaginary world from which ‘value’ is derived in exchange. In the early medieval Frankish world there seems to have been a close relationship between exchange and the imaginary Christian world. In this contribution, I will attempt to examine the relationship between exchange and the imaginary world in the early Middle Ages, and to demonstrate how the results can modify the picture we have of central places like Maastricht (an old centre) and Dorestad (one of the new emporia).

The Anthropology of Marriage in Lowland South America

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Cultural Rules ◽  
The Way

Traditional treatments of marriage among indigenous people focus on what people say about whom one should marry and on rules that anthropologists induce from those statements. This volume is a cultural and social anthropological examination of the ways the indigenous peoples of lowland South America/Amazonia actually choose whom they marry. Detailed ethnography shows that they select spouses to meet their economic and political goals, their emotional desires, and their social aspirations, as well as to honor their commitments to exogamic prescriptions and the exchange of women. These decisions often require playing fast and loose with what the anthropologist and the peoples themselves declare to be the regulations they obey. Inevitably then, this volume is about agency and individual choice in the context of social institutions and cultural rules. There is another theme running through this book—the way in which globalization is subverting traditional hierarchies, altering identities, and eroding ancestral marital norms and values—how the forces of modernization alter both structure and practice. The main body of the book is given over to eleven chapters based on previously unpublished ethnographic material collected by the contributors. It is divided into three sections. The first collects essays that describe the motives behind breaking the marriage rules, the second describes how the marriage rules are bent or broken, and the third gathers chapters on the effects of globalization and recent changes on the marriage rules.

The Patient as an Autonomous Person

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini ◽  
René Rosfort
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Ethical Principle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Hermeneutical Phenomenology ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Way

Treating the other as an autonomous person is widely considered a guiding ethical principle. The notions of autonomy and personhood are, however, far from evident in a time of striding naturalism. Hermeneutical phenomenology provides an explanation of these notions, and argues that personhood is not merely an ethical principle, but an integral part of vulnerability to mental illness. In other words, ethics and questions of norms and values are not merely a bioethical add-on to psychiatry, but an integral part of what it means to do psychiatry. Being a person is to be faced with the constant task of becoming who I am through the otherness that constitutes my life as a person. Otherness challenges my life from without (e.g., the way other people understand and treat me) and from within (e.g., my body, habits, and dispositions). Although a major aspect of personal identity is constituted by otherness, a person is able, nevertheless, to change her habits, think about her dispositions, and reconsider her actions. This ability to relate ourselves to what and who we are is constitutive of personhood and of the fragility that makes each of us the person that we are.

Cross-Cultural Blunders in Professional Communication from a Semantic Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Pinfan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
The Way

Cross-cultural blunders caused by inappropriate use of language are a common problem in international professional communication. They cause misunderstanding, lead to business failures, and tend to be offensive at times. Such blunders may occur in business ads, slogans, products names, and instructions. Understanding their causes and finding solutions to them are of importance in international professional communication. By examining specific cases, the article analyzes the causes that lead to such blunders from a semantic perspective and concludes that indiscriminate use of the semantic meaning of a word, a lexical form, lexical sound, numbers, color words, and animal names of the target language is the major cause of causing cultural blunders in international professional communication. Along the way, the article also offers solutions to the problems identified.

The Role of the ‘Rebels’ in the Constitutional Movement in Iran

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of a group of‘rebels’ (in Iran they are called looties) who made significant contributions to the Iranian Constitutional Movement in 1908–1909. A discussion of the norms and values of this group and the way they fit the social situationand events of that period in Iran, serves to explain their involvement in the Constitutional Movement.

scholarly journals Marital quality: parallel between the perspective of couples and measuring instruments

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-530
Author(s):  
Bruna D’Andrea de Andrades ◽  
Marina Zanella Delatorre ◽  
Adriana Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
American Population ◽  
Latin American Population ◽  
The Way

This study aimed to draw a parallel between instruments assessing marital quality and the way couples conceptualize their relationship quality. Twenty-five couples were interviewed to understand their ideas about a good quality relationship. The interviews were analyzed according to the topics couples presented, which were then compared with the concepts included in the instruments measuring marital quality. Five themes were identified, partially correspondent to the concepts assessed by the instruments. Cultural differences were found in the American instruments regarding the valuation of some themes to the detriment of others. Research with the Latin American population is necessary to understand its particularities and to develop measures in accordance with these specificities.

scholarly journals Delírios e deleites: leitura dos diálogos de Machado de Assis com John Milton em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas / Deliriums and Delights: the reading of the dialogues of Machado de Assis with John Milton in Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Miriam Piedade Mansur Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
John Milton ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
English Poet ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Os textos de Machado de Assis e principalmente seus romances estabelecem muitos diálogos com diferentes escritores e tradições. Entretanto, a forma que Machado de Assis escolheu para se referir ao poeta inglês do século XVII, John Milton, no seu romance, Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, merece uma atenção cuidadosa. Nesse romance, o autor brasileiro também se refere a Milton, mas não de maneira direta ou nomeada; ao contrário, as alusões a Milton são indiretas, criando uma composição textual com o poeta inglês e o convidando, de maneira ausente, a também fazer parte da narrativa. Machado de Assis, na elaboração dos delírios e deleites de Brás Cubas, reflete sobre seu ato de composição e estabelece diálogos também com o poeta inglês, como uma tentativa de proliferar sentidos da obra de Milton, mais especificamente Paradise Lost, no contexto literário brasileiro. Esses diálogos serão analisados com base na ideia de dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin (1973, p. 39) que é constitutivo da intertextualidade e desvia o foco das noções de autoria, causalidade e finalidade, e o “texto passa a ser visto como uma absorção de e uma resposta a um outro texto”. Assim, é pertinente dizer que Machado de Assis absorve elementos de composição do universo miltoniano e responde a eles nas Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, revivendo, em sua criação literária, suas experiências como leitor desse poeta inglês.Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis; Brás Cubas; dialogue; Milton.Abstract: The texts of Machado de Assis and mainly his novels established many dialogues with different writers and traditions. However, the way Machado de Assis chose to refer to the English poet of the seventeenth century, John Milton, on his Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, demands a careful observation. In this novel, the Brazilian writer refers to Milton but not in a direct manner; on the contrary, the allusions to Milton are indirect, creating a textual composition within the English poet and inviting him, in an absent way, to be also part of the narrative. It seems that Machado de Assis, in the elaboration of Brás Cubas’s deliriums and delights, reflects upon his act of composition and establishes a textual dialogue with the English poet, as an attempt to proliferate the meanings of Milton’s oeuvre, more specifically Paradise Lost, in the Brazilian literary context. These dialogues will be analyzed based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s studies on the idea of dialogism, which is a constituent of the concept of intertextuality and deviates the focus on the notions of authorship, causality and finality, with writing working “as a reading of the anterior literary corpus and the text as an absorption of and reply to another text” (1973, p. 39). Thus, it is possible to say that Machado de Assis absorbs some elements of composition from Milton’s creative universe and answers him on his Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, reviving them in his literary creation and in his experiences as a reader of the English poet.Keywords: Machado de Assis; Brás Cubas; dialogue; Milton.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Valentine ◽  
Stephen Beckerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Spaces ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Effort ◽  
The Way

This introduction provides an overview of the theories employed by the contributors. They agree that social spaces are equally or more relevant to understanding why marital rules are sometimes ignored or manipulated. All but one of the contributors direct their attention to differentiating and exploring the relationship between kinship and marriage structures as they ought to be and as they are. They arrive at the same conclusion: there were or are mechanisms to impart flexibility to what appears to be rigid elementary kinship structures. The introduction also describes how and to what use these strategies of manipulating the marital norms are put, starting with individual effort and moving to community-wide strategies. Running through the book is another theme—the way globalization is subverting traditional hierarchies, altering identities and eroding ancestral norms and values. Several chapters describe how the diminishing authority of elders has led to more extra-marital pregnancies, more “love” marriages, and fewer alliances between families. Finally the introduction critiques two of Lévi-Strauss’s key findings; rather, people manipulate the marital rules in an attempt to maximize their potential spouses—they may succeed or fail.

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