scholarly journals JALAN ILLUMINASI DALAM MISTISISME HAZRAT INAYAT KHAN (1882 -1927)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Syaifan Nur ◽  
Asna Ulil Maizah
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Basic Change ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
The World

Mysticism comes from the Greek word mystikos, which means secret, hidden, dark or veiled in darkness. Also means silence or shut up, which is the basic word of mysterion in ancient Greek. Mysticism leads to the study of the esoteric side of the spiritual life of people who believe, have faith, and have religion. Mysticism seeks to uncover the deepest secrets in the spiritual life. One of the roads used is the path of illumination. Illumination is the key to enlightenment desired by every human being. In illumination, the goal of humans is to obtain inner solutions, and their birth, there are many forms or patterns that must be approached, seen and felt. Moreover, it must really enter into it, the estuary of the self-surrender to the worldliness that must be faced with realization, secret spirit, calm and deeds.The path of illumination requires an initiation process as a basis for stepping into the search for true nature. Initiation as a basic change in essential conditions; initiation as a reference for every human being to start, aiming for something that leads to a better direction. Actually and verbally, as a listener, imitator and speaker, the initiator is able to know step by step to make an inner journey to get enlightenment that is felt to be very influential in his life. One of the famous mystics who explore this issue is Hazrat Inayat Khan. The complex problem of human uncertainty is one of the driving forces that gave birth to the great thoughts of a Hazrat Inayat Khan. Hazrat Inayat Khan’s view holds that humans as God’s creatures in the world must return to their consciousness, function, purpose and existence in the essence of mankind itself properly and correctly. Life must be in harmony because all God’s creatures are the same creation from God Almighty. The ultimate goal is to get the true nature.

Personalistic Pedagogy and Transcendence

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Marian Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

In this paper I focus my attention on personalistic pedagogy, and its connection with transcendence, which was defined by Karol Wojtyła as ‘another name for the person’, because of its close link to the realisation of man as a person (Wojtyła, 1993, s. 230). In this regard, I focus my attention on references to transcendence in the studies of selected personalists. In its structure the article proposes reflection over the following problems: 1) the spiritual and transcending dimension of the bodily character of the human person; 2) the transcendence of the human person and the human person’s quest for values in the varieties of personalisms; 3) the ‘naturalisation’ of the ‘person’ category, and the openness to transcendence; 4) transcendence in historical, metaphysical and theological personalism; 5) education as a process between nature, culture and transcendence. According to Karol Wojtyła, when we talk about transcendence in relation to the human person we should take into account three dimensions: 1) transcendence in action; 2) transcendence towards another ‘I’ and 3) transcendence towards personal God. The biological life is never able to explain the spiritual life, and it is the spiritual life that gives meaning to the biological life, because the only sphere of the spirit reveals to us the value of the personal life and the meaning of human existence. This consequently leads to the need for separate reflection on the world and on man. In this sense, both in theoretical reflection and in practical action, the above-mentioned need is emphasised and points to respect for the ‘mystery of the child’, all the more acceptable in a climate of faith and openness to transcendence. Of course, the process of education and teaching can be approached superficially, in a shallow sense, in which we can remain closed to the possibilities and potential of human development. Epistemological distinctions connected to Maritain’s levels of cognition allow us to notice at least two types of teaching and education (flat and deep). A human being might stop (for various reasons, of course) at the lower levels of existence, and give up any aspirations to higher values, and to transcendence. Here we can seek help in explaining the part of staying open on transcendence of personalistic pedagogy.

scholarly journals Between History and Universality: Understanding Identity in the Public Sphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Nisar Alungal Chungath
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One

Identity is not a fixed and frozen prison-house for the self, but a liquid continuum, affected and shaped by the ‘outside’ or the world. The self, which is situated and which undergoes revisions and transformations, keeps identity as a frame within which it makes sense of things. On the one hand, there is a ‘history’ within which an identity is rooted and through which meaning-making is made possible, and on the other hand, every person aspires to be a ‘universal’ and recognition-worthy human being. Both inherent identity and inherent universality of the self should be considered in their interactions in the public sphere, which has been traditionally viewed as a space of discrete individualities. The ontological force of this argument aside, the paper demonstrates that reduction of an identity without crediting its aspiration for universality and consideration of universality without crediting the historical underpinnings of identity are both acts of violation. 

scholarly journals The theory on “eide” according to Nicholas of Methone

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 551-568
Author(s):  
Christos Terezis ◽  
Lydia Petridou
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Divine Mind ◽  
The Way

In this study, we are discussing the theory on “eide” and their relation to the “matter” according to Nicholas of Methone. This is a topic that shows the way in which God, as the supreme and only Principle, is connected to the natural world and human being. In this attempt of ours we move both historically and systemati­cally. Thus, we first point out the differences on this issue between the ancient Greek thought, which moves towards dualism, and Christianity, which accepts only monism; we then explain the monistic reconstruction of the ancient Greek ontology by the Neoplatonists. Nicholas of Methone’s views and the Christian readings of ontology constitute the core of our approaches, of which it is high­lighted that “eide” are the content of the divine Mind and that they are the good divine volitions. The question is also put in view of the unions and distinctions, since “eide” are a unified but internally differentiated whole in God. At the level of the sensible world, it is shown that “matter” is not considered independently from “eide”. The main conclusion that comes to the fore is that Nicholas of Methone makes a philosophical reading of the Christian theory on triune God’s energies, remaining consistent with Christian realism and rejecting the self-existent charac­ter of the “eide”.

scholarly journals Konsep Metafisika Muhammad Iqbal

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ali Kartawinata
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Material World ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
The World

Muhammad Iqbals ideas of metaphysics emphasized that there is source of other experiences above the normal level, which is referred to as intuition.This experience differs from mind and perception. Intuition entered into human being as reality which is not reached by mind and perception. Self-reality can be found through intuition method. From self-reality yieldedby intuition, and then found material-reality. The essence of material world is the self, since self is life. Hereby, the essence of the world reality has always changed constantly and freely. The fact is not static. There are no two occurrences in the life of reality which are similar to one another. There are activities, actions, and movements which remain permanently. Thus, the essence of life is action and movement itself. This Paper tries to explore Muhammad Iqbals idea of metaphysics and how the intuition process in the end is able to explain about reality.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL CONCEPT OF MAN – A SOCIAL REQUIREMENT OR PHILOSOPHICAL EFFORTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Objective Necessity

In the article, based on the analysis of various, partly alternative and contradictory philosophical approaches, ideas and views on the nature of man, its essence, vocation and place in the world, which were developed and promoted throughout the historical development of world philosophy and culture, it shows and substantiates active need and social need to create a modern synthetic, integral concept of man, which must show how all achievements and achievements of man (language, consciousness, ideas, tools, state, image) arcs of art, myth, religion, history, social life) "arise from the basic structure of human being." Actuality is caused not only by the crisis of the modernist idea of "man of reason", who pushed out "natural man" and established himself as a supervising authority on "man of morality" lifted the Mind to unprecedented height, and since Descartes "cogito ergo sum" actually deified, left off seek proof of the truth of their own attitudes not in the realm of the transcendental mind, but in itself, in the self-consciousness (thus philosophically, metaphysically, it eliminated Genesis not as self-consciousness, as that which is always and in advance), but also by the crisis of domains yuchoho past decade and post postpostmodernistskoho discourse on understanding of society, culture, rights and their place in today's "fool the world." The purpose of the article is to show and substantiate the objective necessity and rational expediency of creating a modern integral concept of man, who, incorporating all the achievements of world and national philosophical and scientific thought, as a result of a combination of different approaches – formative, civilizational, sociocultural, and on its basis made our understanding of history, society, man, personality much more humane, more multidimensional and more comprehensive.

scholarly journals Gaetano Roberto Buccola, Forme del centro. Percorsi analitici dal “Viaggio al centro della Terra” al nucleo dell’uomo (Palermo: Nuova Ipsa, 2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Baruchello
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychic Energy

“The human being, whatever her creed or culture, tends toward individualisation or, in other words, differentiation from her fellow beings in order to retrieve her own exclusive place in the world, via an incessant process of movement towards the centre allowing her to approach more and more closely her own soul’s nucleus. The tendency to move towards the Self corresponds, especially in certain stages of human existence, to a lesser investment of psychic energy into the closest components of consciousness and a partial renunciation of the most superficial psychic parts.” (185)

The Gospel of Thomas

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Andrew Hui
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Gospel Of Thomas ◽  
The World ◽  
Hidden God ◽  
Secret Knowledge ◽  
Sayings Of Jesus

This chapter details how the Gospel of Thomas, like the Analects, is also the posthumous collection of a charismatic teacher. The sayings of Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas are difficult, obscure, and mysterious. They challenge the reader to discover the true nature of the world through the discovery of the self, both of which are imbued with the divine. Hermeneutics in this way becomes nothing less than soteriology—the discourse of redemption itself. To achieve this, the Gospel of Thomas advocates a radical independence: readers must decipher for themselves the text's meaning rather than rely on any sectarian doctrine or even the authority of Thomas the compiler. Indeed, the theory of aphorisms in Thomas is that one attains secret knowledge of a hidden God not from a congregation of believers but through the inward meditation on the words of Jesus.

Human Ontogenies as Historical Processes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Toren
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Production

Across the human sciences one finds theoretical perspectives that recognize the nature–culture distinction as untenable. At the same time, the gap between demonstrating its inadequacy and developing a viable alternative approach is wide indeed. The recognition that autopoiesis (self-creation, self-production) is through and through a historical process puts paid to ideas of culture and nature as analytical categories. In the case of humans and other social organisms, autopoiesis is necessarily grounded in relations with others. This chapter explores the idea of history as lived (that is to say, embodied), and argues for a unified model of human being that is able to provide for, and explain, how we humans come to be who we are in all our historical particularity and, in the self-same process, how we make sense of ourselves and the world.

Number and soul

1998 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
A. Musulin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The World

In modern psychology there are two directions, which from my point of view perfectly complement each other. The founder of the first is KG Jung, and the second - A. Maslow. Jungian psychoanalysis leads to penetration into the hidden soul of the unknown, and the world of archetypal forces and structures. Jung speaks of the process of individuation, of finding the inner center and assimilation of the unconscious by consciousness. The purpose of life is the integration of consciousness, the acquisition of the integrity symbolized by the Self, the Cosmic Man, the guiding center, the archetype whose outer reflection is our "I". A person who has lost touch with the Self lives completely on the surface and her life from the point of view of philosophy is absolutely chaotic and titanic. It is spread over life, is everywhere and nowhere. The stronger the connection with the center, the more we are like our true nature, the more humanity in us, the better we know ourselves and are more holistic.

YESUS JURU SELAMAT DALAM AGAMA KRISTEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-376
Author(s):  
Muchammdun Abudullah
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good News ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Local Congregation ◽  
The World ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Free People ◽  
The Way

According to Christians, Jesus Christ is not just sent out by the local congregation. Because it emphasis on meeting with the risen Lord to accept the task personally. So, the apostles were not clergy, but the messenger of Christ to build a church. In summary, the Apostle in Ancient Greek is a term that refers to marine or naval ship goods. Later, the term also includes any person appointed as an envoy. Apostles in the Gospels refer to the twelve disciples who personally commissioned by Jesus to be the vanguard of the person who was sent as a bearer of good news. First, they start from Yarussalem and then to all the other nations in the world. Through Jesus Christ, man was called back from exile and be reconciled to God the Father in Heaven. Humans are freed from moral captivity and egoism is replaced with love and fellowship. It was Jesus Christ the only one who can free people from sin. There is no safety inside of human being rather than Him. Jesus Christ was without sin, holy and immaculate provides freedom from sin, no salvation through any other. Jesus himself said, I am the way and the truth and the life (John 14: 6). This article talks about the concept of salvation in Christianity.

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