scholarly journals URBAN CRISIS: Produk Kegagalan Urbanisasi di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Agus Saputro

According to Lewis Mumford, "no one is satisfied with the current form of the city". This paper explains how crises occur in cities. The purpose of this study is to look at the crisis that is happening in urban areas using the method of study of literature. The theory used is the risk society of Ulrich Beck. The crisis that occurred in the city is not merely focus on economic problems, such as poverty, unemployment, homeless people and street children. Urban crises also include security, environmental, energy and social aspects. As for the factors causing the crisis, this paper sees it from an internal and external perspective. Internally, the urban crisis is caused by the developing of the city itself. A city that acts as a market has attracted producers and consumers to come. Producers approach the suburbs to reduce production costs because they are close to markets and human resources. Meanwhile, consumers come to the city because of the larger selection of goods and they also can get the best prices. Developing cities cause industrial estates to no longer be on the outskirts of cities, but many in the city center. Obviously, this causes problems and crises in the middle of a dense urban population. The crisis was also caused by external factors, namely relations with the village. The failure of development in the village caused by the choice of fragmented agricultural land due to the distribution of inheritance and agrarian violations so that land is owned by peasants. These conditions require villagers to urbanize. A city that has developed physically and has a population implicating in slum areas, squatters, green open space crises and low social sensitivity. Menurut Lewis Mumford, “tidak ada satu pun orang  yang puas dengan wujud kota saat ini”. Penulis setuju dengan pernyataan tersebut, sehingga tulisan ini berusaha menjelaskan bagaimana krisis terjadi di perkotaan. Daya tarik kota begitu menghipnotis masyarakat, hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari keberhasilan pembangunan kota. Akan tetapi, di sisi lain kota mengalami yang disebut krisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ini melihat krisis yang terjadi di perkotaan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur-literatur. Adapun teori yang dipakai adalah masyarakat resiko dari Ulrich Beck. Krisis yang terjadi diperkotaan tidak hanya berbicara terkait masalah ekonomi, misal; kemiskinan, pengangguran, gelandangan dan anak jalanan. Krisis perkotaan juga meliputi krisis  keamanan, lingkungan, energi dan sosial. Adapun faktor penyebab terjadinya krisis, dalam tulisan ini melihatnya pada sudut pandang internal dan eksternal. Pada faktor internal, krisis perkotaan disebabkan oleh kota itu sendiri yang berkembang. Kota yang berperan sebagai market, telah menarik produsen dan konsumen untuk datang. Produsen mendekat ke pinggiran kota untuk memperkecil biaya produksi karena dekat dengan pasar dan SDM. Sedangkan konsumen, datang ke kota karena banyak pilihan barang dan mendapatkan harga terbaik. Kota yang berkembang menyebabkan kawasan industri tidak lagi berada di pinggiran kota, akan tetapi banyak di pusat kota. Tentu ini menyebabkan masalah dan krisis di tengah penduduk kota yang padat. Krisis juga disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal, yakni relasi dengan desa. Kegagalan pembangunan di desa, kepemilihan lahan pertanian yang terfragmentasi akibat pembagian warisan dan pelanggaran-pelanggaran agrarian sehingga tanah dimiliki oleh petani berdasi. Kondisi tersebut menuntut penduduk desa untuk urbanisasi. Kota yang berkembang secara fisik dan jumlah penduduk berimplikasi slum area, penghuni-penghuni liar, krisis ruang terbuka hijau dan rendahnya kepekaan sosial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Spina ◽  
Emiliano Tramontana

Abstract The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas is one of the main factors that reduce the liveability of cities. In recent years, to contrast urban sprawl, several nations have promoted policies aimed at developing urban green spaces. The importance of green oases within cities had already been highlighted, in 1977, by the architect Christopher Alexander who had developed a series of patterns including ‘City Country Fingers’ claiming that city development should consider the prolongation of country land in to the urban area. In several cities, especially in Japan, it is possible to recognize the imprint of urban development based on country fingers. This term refers to extensive urban intersections of agricultural land or wooded hills which, from the peripheral areas, penetrate the city. Inside them, there are urban windows, called city fingers, whose development direction is opposite to those of the country fingers. To recognize and analyze, in an automated way, these particular structures, a Python-based application was created. Starting from the original high-resolution image of Google Earth, a complete analysis was performed, labeling and delimiting urban and vegetational areas and extrapolating the main geometric parameters of the country and city fingers. The finalization of the results obtained was carried out through a classification model whose criteria were based on Alexander’s pattern. Thanks to this classification scheme, the distinction between Active Green Areas (country fingers) and Passive Green Areas (gardens and public parks) have been revealed for the analyzed cities. The tests performed showed almost ideal conditions for the city of Kamakura and a limited match for the urban area of Acireale. The proposed method is suitable for fields of application that require a qualitative and quantitative determination of the vegetation cover present within the city, an essential condition for correct territorial planning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setya Etika Mulyasari ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Gusti M. Hatta ◽  
Bambang Joko Priatmadi

Banjarbaru City is one of the cities in South Kalimantan Province which is developing quite rapidly from year to year. Hence,  it is necessary to research and study changes in land use and their suitability with the city development plan. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the area and types of land use changes in Banjarbaru City within a period of 8 years, from 2013 to 2021, determine the rate of land use change, and assess the suitability of land use changes to the applicable Banjarbaru City spatial plan. This research method is an overlay to see changes in land use and the suitability of changes in land use with the direction of spatial functions in the Regional Spatial Plan. The result of this research is that in an area of ​​16,414.00 ha (53.7%) there is a change in land use in Banjarbaru City in the period 2013-2021. The biggest land use changes are dry land agriculture, vacant land, wetland agriculture, housing, and villages. The use of dry land  and agricultural land has the largest decrease in area, which is 15,090.71 ha or a decrease of 365.5%. The use of vacant land increased in an area of ​​14,715.684 hectares or an increase of almost 4 times. Wetland agriculture has decreased in an area which is reduced by 986.55 ha or decreased by 65.8%. The use of land for housing/residential in the form of housing or villages has also undergone considerable changes. The use of residential land has increased by 528.105 hectares (44.626%) and the village area to 444.32 ha (21.2%). The suitability of land use with the RTRW in Banjarbaru City is 16,742.86 ha (54.8%) categorized as appropriate, while an area of ​​13,779.69 ha (45.2%) is categorized as not in accordance with the applicable RTRW.


Fenomena ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-80
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ardiansyah ◽  
Moh Salman Hamdani

Rowosari has a beautiful landscape and natural layout. In the north, east and south, a row of circular pine hills forms a horseshoe. On the east side, back to the pine hill is Raung Mountain, which is almost always covered of clouds, rises to an altitude of 3,344 masl which makes it become the second highest mountain in East Java after Semeru Mount. The volcano located in the Ijen mountain complex area stuck its feet in three districts of Besuki, Jember, Bondowoso and Banyuwangi. However, at one settlement point, namely the Karang tengah village, which is part of the Barat Sawah village, residential settlements are concentrated in area of 1,728 hectares. The location of these settlements go north from the village road, surrounded by stretches of fields and small rivers. There are two entrances to this settlement, west and east. There are 56 heads of families living here with 51 houses. Houses are lined up and stretched, following the taneyan lanjhang-pattern which consists of a collection of houses inhabited by several families. Between settlements and fields restricted with rivers and plants. The contrasting picture between the abundance of natural resources and the social conditions of the Rowosari community raises the general question of this study: why does the agriculture area and the wealth of natural resources not correlate with the population welfare? What happens in the relationship between humans and their homeland? Because the analysis of production relations in the agricultural sector is the backbone of the socio-economic structure of rural society, the analysis is the main theme in this study. What happened in the village, especially in the West field  of Rowosari Village, actually it can be solved, for example by institutionalizing savings and loans cooperatives, processing agriculture by using organic farming systems, and developing village tourism by utilizing village potential. Nature tourism: panoramic views of mountains, waterfalls, panoramic views of fields and rivers flowing with clear water, become the main attraction to be developed as a village tour. Livestock and fisheries can also be developed because there are abundant river and green food sources. Village funds can be used for that. The priority of village development should be based on analyzing data from participatory mapping, not by a handful of village government elites. Priority of the programs should be directed by building food security, creating jobs towards village economic sovereignty. actually the land in the forested area could be managed by the community. However, the land management rights given to Chinese ethnic who managed it for cash crops such as sengon and coffee. Village people only become wage laborers to care for, to fertilize and to harvest the results. because of the difficult terrain to reach the location, the villagers were finally reluctant to manage the land with little wage and erratic work. They are forced to look for work outside the village. There must be good faith and political decisions by the village government, for example by making regulations regarding the prohibition of selling agricultural land to people outside the village, so that the land does not turn into housing or become an asset for investment which certainly has no commitment to agricultural development. In addition, villages must develop BUMDES as an economic effort by opening jobs to improve the community welfare, especially for those who do not have job and agricultural land. Management of zakat, infaq, shodaqoh from rich people, if managed properly, can become business capital or help alleviate for those who really need, this could prevent villagers from migrating to the city. Because, if many villagers migrate to the city, when they return, they will bring the culture of the city that is not in line with the values and norms of the village.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lintang Chrismas Ayu

Agricultural land in urban areas has become increasingly narrow, especially with the advent of housing which has replaced the function of agricultural land. Housing conditions in cities are very diferent from those in villages that have large plots of land and agricultural land, so we need a way to plant those that do not require large tracts of land. Urban farming is a way of cultivating plants that is done by utilizing narrow land in urban areas. Urban farming can be done in various ways such as hydroponics and verticuluture. This research was conducted to describe how to optimize the narrow yard of land in urban areas so that it can be better utilized, especially as an easy and effective planting medium. The method used in this research is to use a qualitative description with a literature study approach. Literature study is a way of collecting data with cases that are relevant to related research. The results of this study describe the cultivation of urban farming that is applied in urban areas, especially in the city of Surakarta. Urban farming planting system can add insight related to urban farming among the community and can be widely applied in Surakarta City.


2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 08022
Author(s):  
Sartono ◽  
Hermawan Iwan ◽  
Maghfuriyah Alfi

Magelang Regency is a strategic city in Central Java. The regency has famous tourist destination objects such as Borobudur Temple, besides the fertile climate and soil conditions are an invaluable asset to support agribusiness development. The position of the boundary line between the city area roomates becomes the product market and the village that the production buffer zone may be developed into a competitive Agropolitan region. The obstacles that arise are Magelang Regency is the affected area of Mount Merapi activity, in addition to causing fertility in agricultural land, and the tectonic earthquake eruption become obstacles to the development of potential areas of Merapi disaster, due to the high of physical hazards such as infrastructure damage. The direction of this paper is to look for potential Agropolitan location references with the guarantee of infrastructure service support, the disaster zone equality into a node that connects the area of agribusiness-producing regions in all regency in Magelang regency. The LQ and KS methods are used to bridge the analysis studies in this paper.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Najma Salsabila ◽  
Joni Purwohandoyo

Tanjung Tourism Village is one of the tourist villages in the suburbs of Yogyakarta. The village is traversed by the Palagan Tentara Pelajar street which is the main road connecting Tanjung Tourism Village with the City of Yogyakarta. Palagan Tentara Pelajar street is now increasingly showing urban traits with lots of land being built that are used for trade, industry, services, and settlements. The existence of this case Tanjung Tourism Village is vulnerable to the development of the surrounding region. The research aims to analyze the development factors of the urban area which influenced the development of Tanjung Tourism Village. The approach used is a quantitative approach with 35 land polygons that are converted into built-up land from the results of image interpretation. The results showed that the development factors of urban areas affected the development of Tanjung Tourism Village namely: internal factors in the form of (1) community economic factors and (2) kinship social factors and external factors in the form (1) low land prices in Tanjung Tourism Village, ( 2) strategic location and easy accessibility, (3) proximity to the workplace, and (4) proximity to the center of activity.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Arto Suprapto

Singaraja is the second largest city after Denpasar in Bali. The magnitude of the potential of the region both trade and services, agriculture and tourism in Buleleng Regency has given a very broad impact not only on the economy but also the use of land. Economic development in the city of Singaraja cause some effects such as population growth, an increasing number of facilities (social, economic, health, and others), as well as changes in land use.Changes in land use have a serious impact on the environment in the city of Singaraja. The development of urban areas of Singaraja has given the excesses of increasing the land conversion. Suburb dominated by wetland agriculture has now turned into buildings to meet the needs of shelter, trade and services as well as urban utilities. This study was conducted by mean to determine how changes in land use from agricultural land into build up land during twelve years (period of 2002 - 2014) and the prediction of land use within the next 12 years (period of 2020 and 2026). Prediction of land use changes will be done using spatial simulation method which is integrating Cellular Automata (CA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which analyzed based on land requirement, the driving variable of land use changes (population and road) and the inhabiting variable of land use change (slope steepness and rivers).Keywords : Land Use Change, Land Use Change Modeling, Celullar Automata, GIS


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eggi Septianto ◽  
Adi Kusmayadi ◽  
Ditta Fadhilah ◽  
Intan Fadila Noor Fajriani ◽  
Hanifah Nur Nadiyah

ABSTRAK Perkembangan permukiman di daerah perkotaan berbanding lurus dengan pertumbuhan penduduk. Ciri yang menonjol dari permukiman di kampung kota adalah gang sempit, kerapatan bangunan yang tinggi dan ketinggian bangunan yang beragam. Gang di permukiman kampung-kota tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana sirkulasi tetapi juga menjadi sarana berbagai aktivitas masyarakat lainnya dalam menjalankan kehidupan sehari-hari. Kualitas pencahayaan di kampung kota yang padat memiliki pengaruh sangat besar terhadap kenyamanan, keamanan, dan keselamatan. Pada penelitian ini, analisa dilakukan pada kondisi fisik bangunan terhadap kualitas pencahayaan yang terkait aktivitas masyarakat bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas pencahayaan terhadap aktivitas pada gang di kawasan kampung kota . Kawasan yang menjadi objek pengamatan adalah perkampungan di daerah Sukasenang, Kelurahan Cikutra, Kecamatan Cibeunying Kidul, Kota Bandung karena dianggap dapat mewakili karakteristik kampung – kota yang ada di Bandung. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif penentuan rasio dan arah jalur sirkulasi yang baik dalam memperoleh kualitas pencahayaan optimal dan layak untuk melakukan aktivitas pada gang kampung kota. Kata Kunci : gang, kondisi fisik, aktivitas, pencahayaan alami. ABSTRACT The development of settlements in urban areas is directly proportional to the population of growth. A prominent feature of the village settlements in the city is a narrow alley, building high density and height of buildings that vary. Alleys in the hometown not only serves as a means of circulation but also a means of various other community activities in performing daily life Quality lighting in the crowded hometown has a very big influence on comfort, security, and safety. In this study, the analysis conducted on the physical condition of the building on the quality of lighting-related community activities aimed to determine how the quality of light on the activities of the alleys in the hometown area of the city. Regions that become the object of observation is a village in the area Sukasenang, Village Cikutra, District Cibeunying Kidul, Bandung City. because it is considered to represent the characteristics of the hometown in Bandung. The results of this study can be used as an alternative to the determination of the ratio and good circulation path toward obtaining optimal lighting quality and worth to conduct activities in the alleys of howmetown. Keywords : alleys, physical condition, activity, natural lighting.


Author(s):  
Ira Safitri Darwin ◽  
Haryo Winarso ◽  
Denny Zulkaidi

Abstract Taluak is located in the peri-urban area of the city of Bukittinggi, in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bukittinggi is rapidly expanding into this peri-urban area. Due to a lack of sound land-use regulations, the growing population and increasing development are encroaching into the peri-urban area. In 1999, the administrative area of Bukittinggi was formally expanded to include some of the surrounding land that had previously been part of Agam Regency. However, although the physical development of the city has encroached into parts of Agam Regency, including Taluak, the communities of the village refused to be administratively included in Bukittinggi. One of their reasons for this refusal is a belief that such urbanization will harm the culture and traditions of the village. This article aims to explain how the communities of Taluak have resisted the formal expansion of Bukittinggi to include them in order to maintain their culture and traditions of land management and to estimate how long such resistance can survive. The article also explains how the process of land conversion in Taluak is carried out, particularly the conversion from rural use into urban use, which creates rurban (rural-urban) areas.


2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gardi ◽  
Guillaume Schaller ◽  
Matthias Neuner ◽  
Sophia Mack

Determining the carbon storage of trees in urban areas of the city of Bern While the amount carbon stored in tree biomass within Swiss forests is well studied, many uncertainties remain for estimating the carbon stored by trees in settlements. As a part of the project «Urban Green and Climate», various existing biomass models were compared with the measured aboveground biomass of 21 trees within the city of Bern. Traditional forestry models that estimate the biomass based on the diameter at breast height only have a limited capacity to accurately predict the biomass of single urban trees. Good predictions are however achieved by using a biomass model that additionally includes tree height (R2 = 0.96). This model was then used to determine the aboveground tree biomass at 179 sample plots in Bern. The carbon densities (t C/ha) of the plots were used to calibrate a model predicting the carbon storage in the aboveground biomass for urban tree populations based on LiDAR data (R2 = 0.84). A value of 14.9 ± 0.5 t C/ha was obtained for the developed area of Bern (i.e. areas without water, forest and agricultural land). With this model and available LiDAR data, the carbon stored in the aboveground biomass of trees outside forests and its change over time could be determined with high accuracy for all of Switzerland.


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