scholarly journals Trabeculae In The Egretal (Egretta garzetta) Cervical Vertebrae

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 553-554
Author(s):  
Faris Choirudin ◽  
Kholifah Nyawiji ◽  
Wahyu Priyambodo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Trabecular Structure ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Bone Segment ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Egretta Garzetta

The egretta bird (Egretta zegretta) has a body size of 55-65 centimeters, it is wings stretches 88-106 centimeters, has a long neck and typical neck like the letter “S”. The purpose of this research is to find out the anatomical structure of trabeculae in the egretta bird. To find out the trebeculae in the egretta bird, meat on the neck cleaned. Then, each bone segment is cut and sanded on the ventral and lateral part until spongiosa tissue (trabeculae) is seen, and transversely cut. The observation result show that on the C6 bone segment has a trabecular structure more dense comepared to the structure of the trabelucae in other bone segments. That is because in the C6 bone segment gets pressure from top and bottom, so C6 bone segment stronger.

scholarly journals Effects of Body Size and Sex on Foraging Territoriality of the Little Egret (Egretta Garzetta) in Japan

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Nota
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Type I ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Foraging Area ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Little Egret ◽  
Egretta Garzetta

Abstract I studied the characteristics of foraging territoriality in the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and effects of body size and sex on territoriality. Sixty-eight birds were captured and sexed, and foraging behavior (usage of area, defense rate, and foraging efficiency) of 26 birds identified by color bands was observed in detail for 3 years. I categorized territoriality within the foraging area into three types according to the birds' exclusiveness and attachment to the area: high exclusiveness and strong attachment to the same area for a long period, moderate exclusiveness and attachment, and minimal exclusiveness and attachment. Body size was largest and feeding efficiency was highest in the first type. I propose a model that predicts a relationship between body size and defense rate to explain the behavior of egrets.

scholarly journals Study of Trabekular Anatomic Structures on Biawak Water Bone (Varanus Salvator)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Haniaturizqia ◽  
Amalia Hasni ◽  
Miftahul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trabecular Structure ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Asian Water

Asian water lizards (Varanus salvator) is one of the species that is widespread in the region of South Asia and Southeast Asia, one of which is in the territory of Indonesia. One of the characteristics of water lizards is having a tail that serves to maintain the balance of his body when moving. This study aims to determine the anatomical structure of the trabeculae in the tailbone of the Asian water lizard (Varanus salvator). Trabeculae are derived from the aquatic biawaks tailbone, which is neutralized with chloroform and then dissected. The coccyx is taken and prepared for observation of trabecular anatomy by sanding part of the coccyx. Then observed the structural parts of the trabeculae using a microscope. Bone trabeculae can be seen as small, porous and porous tissue elements, which consist of trabekulated tissue. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the trabeculae of the monitor lizard's tail bone consist of thin lattice elements and form spongy bones. The trabecular structure is thicker and denser to withstand external loading that is optimally regulated to withstand loads in functional activities such as jumping, running and for body balance. So that the dense trabecular structure of the monitor lizard's tailbone can function optimally for the balance of the body of Asian water lizards in moving and doing activities.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study of Bat’s Phalanx Bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
Fani Nurrizki ◽  
Hanifah Ika Ristiani ◽  
Novita Ambarwati ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Result Show

Bats (Pteropus sp) are nocturnal animals. Bats are mammal that are able to fly, actively foraging at night. During the day time bats spend time for sleeping. It aims to keep the wings membran from sunlight. The habitat of this bat is on large trees. The foot of the bat is adapted to hang upside down, that causing an action against phalanx that calls pressure. Each of phalanx receives a different pressure so that it affect the anatomical structure. This condition present a biomechanical. This study aims to know the effect of pressure on the phalanx. Observation are made by cleaning the phalanx skin and cutting the bones and then seen under the microscope with a magnification of 5x, measurement are taken. The result show that the pressure affect the phalanx anatomical structure that is different thicknesses in each phalanx.

scholarly journals Relationship between body size traits and carcass traits with primal cuts yields in Hanwoo steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo Seo ◽  
Hoa Van Ba ◽  
Pil-Nam Seong ◽  
Yun-Seok Kim ◽  
Sun-Moon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers.Methods: Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and <i>longissimus</i> muscle area were determined to complement the grading.Results: The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, –0.38 to –0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae–heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness.Conclusion: There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, <i>longissimus</i> muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.

Two new species of the genus Thalassaphorura Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from south China, with an updated key to world species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4338 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN SUN ◽  
ANNE BEDOS ◽  
LOUIS DEHARVENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
South China ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Two New Species

Two new onychiurid species, Thalassaphorura microspinata sp. nov. and T. guangxiensis sp. nov., are reported from the karsts of south China (Guangxi). T. microspinata sp. nov. is similar to T. grandis Sun, Chen & Deharveng, 2010 in having the same dorsal and ventral pso formula, number of pseudocelli on subcoxae 1, number of chaetae in the distal whorl of tibiotarsi and number of p-chaetae between inner posterior pso on head; but it can be recognized by the smaller body size, shorter AS, 5 chaetae on baso-lateral part of labium, distinguishable S-chaetae and absence of chaetae on Th. I sternum. T. guangxiensis sp. nov. possesses the same dorsal pso formula as Chinese species T. reducta Sun, Chen & Deharveng, 2010, T. bapen Sun, Chen & Deharveng, 2010 and T. guangdongensis Sun & Li, 2015a, but they could be separated easily by ventral pso formula, number of pseudocelli on subcoxae 1 and other combined characters. An updated key of world species of the genus Thalassaphorura is provided. The species Thalassaphorura saccardyi (Denis, 1935) is transferred to the genus Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 on examination of the type material. In addition to those listed in Sun et al. (2010), two additional species placed in Thalassaphorura by Parimuchová & Kováč 2016 are considered here as incertae sedis because of insufficient descriptions: Thalassaphorura boskovae (Lučić, Dimitrijević & Mihajlova, 2003), and T. tamdaona (Nguyen, 1995). 

scholarly journals Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks

PeerJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Taylor ◽  
Mathew J. Wedel
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Large Body ◽  
World Record ◽  
Large Body Size ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
The World ◽  
Cervical Ribs

The necks of the sauropod dinosaurs reached 15 m in length: six times longer than that of the world record giraffe and five times longer than those of all other terrestrial animals. Several anatomical features enabled this extreme elongation, including: absolutely large body size and quadrupedal stance providing a stable platform for a long neck; a small, light head that did not orally process food; cervical vertebrae that were both numerous and individually elongate; an efficient air-sac-based respiratory system; and distinctive cervical architecture. Relevant features of sauropod cervical vertebrae include: pneumatic chambers that enabled the bone to be positioned in a mechanically efficient way within the envelope; and muscular attachments of varying importance to the neural spines, epipophyses and cervical ribs. Other long-necked tetrapods lacked important features of sauropods, preventing the evolution of longer necks: for example, giraffes have relatively small torsos and large, heavy heads, share the usual mammalian constraint of only seven cervical vertebrae, and lack an air-sac system and pneumatic bones. Among non-sauropods, their saurischian relatives the theropod dinosaurs seem to have been best placed to evolve long necks, and indeed their necks probably surpassed those of giraffes. But 150 million years of evolution did not suffice for them to exceed a relatively modest 2.5 m.

Associations Between Informal Caregivers’ Burden and Educational Level

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Oedekoven ◽  
Katja Amin-Kotb ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Klaus Balke ◽  
Adelheid Kuhlmey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Care Situation

Abstract. We investigated the association between the education of informal caregivers’ (IC) and their physical and mental burden. We hypothesized that better-educated IC would have more resources available to manage the care situation and as a result show lower perceived burden. We conducted a population survey of 6,087 German residents aged 18+ years, 966 of whom reported to be IC. Results show that IC felt more often mentally than physically burdened. In the multivariate analyses, higher-educated IC did not have lower odds of feeling physically burdened than lower-educated IC, though they did have increased odds of feeling mentally burdened. The higher perceived mental burden of higher-educated IC may be related to fear of loss of self-fulfilment and autonomy. Support services should consider the mental burden of higher-educated IC and tailor their interventions accordingly.

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