scholarly journals Anatomy of Trabeculae Lumbar Vertebrae On a Bats (Megachiroptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Alfi Hidayah ◽  
Alif Nailil Muna AR ◽  
Agatha Yolanda Chirstanty ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Spongy Bone ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Binocular Microscope

Bats are the only mammals that can fly. Because of their ability to fly, making the tension received by the bat's spine comes from the front and back.Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone found in animals. It is highly vascularized and contains red bone marrow. Spongy bone is usually located at the ends of the long bones (the epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it. It is also found inside the vertebrae, in the ribs, in the skull and in the bones of the joints. Spongy bone is softer and weaker than compact bone, but is also more flexible. It is characterized by a lattice-like matrix network called trabeculae (Latin for little beam) that gives it its spongy appearance. Observation of trabeculae can be done by removing the flesh, muscles, and all the tissues attached to the lumbar vertebrae bone. Then the lumbar vertebrae was sanded and to know the anatomy of the trabeculae, it was done by observing the lumbraris vertebrae using a binocular microscope and taking pictures using a camera. Then the structure is analyzed. The observations showed that the anatomical structure of the lumbar vertebrae trabeculae in bats are stressed by tension must be withstood, a ligament being as strong for its weight.

Trabecular bone remodeling after seven days of weightlessness exposure (BIOCOSMOS 1667)

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R243-R247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vico ◽  
D. Chappard ◽  
S. Palle ◽  
A. V. Bakulin ◽  
V. E. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Femoral Metaphysis ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

Seven male rats were exposed to 7 days of weightlessness in the Soviet mission COSMOS 1667 and compared with seven control rats by bone histomorphometric methods. In proximal tibial metaphysis, the trabecular bone volume was markedly reduced in flight animals. Trabeculae were decreased in number and thickness; this probably leads to alteration of bone mechanical properties. Formation activity (reflected by measurements of osteoid seams) was decreased at trabecular and endosteal levels. Resorption activity (estimated by count of osteoclast number and active resorption surfaces using a histoenzymologic method) remained unchanged. The imbalance between these cellular activities appears to be responsible for the loss of trabecular bone mass. In proximal femoral metaphysis, measurements were performed in an area located under the muscular insertions. The trabecular bone volume, despite a slight decrease in flight rats, was not significantly different from that of control rats. Furthermore, osteoclastic and osteoid parameters were unchanged. Differential responses between these two long bones need additional investigations. In thoracic and lumbar vertebrae no detectable change in bone mass and bone resorption parameters was found.

Gene Modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Osteoprotegerin Inhibit Osteoclast Activation and Increase Trabecular Bone Area in a Xenogeneic Murine Model of Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Neil Rabin ◽  
Chara Kyriakou ◽  
Reuben Benjamin ◽  
Arnold Pizzey ◽  
Orla Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
Trabecular Bone Area

Abstract Bone disease in multiple myeloma (MM) results from increased osteoclast (OCL) numbers and activity, which is associated with an increase in RANK Ligand and reduction in osteoprotegerin (OPG). Systemic administration of recombinant OPG reduces MM bone disease, but the short half life of OPG limits its usefulness. Gene modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a potential means of delivering stable expression of OPG in vivo to reduce OCL activation and bone destruction. Bone marrow derived human MSCs were transduced with a self-inactivating bicistronic lentiviral vector containing human OPG and GFP (MSCOPG). Control vector was identical except the OPG was cloned in reverse orientation (MSCGPO). Efficient transduction was demonstrated by high GFP expression (96% MSCOPG, 92% (MSCGPO). Stable transgene expression of human OPG (hOPG) occurred for beyond 20 passages in vitro, and hOPG was detected in vivo after tail vein administration of MSCOPG (2ng/mL hOPG detected in mouse serum 1 week after tail vein administration of 3 x 106 MSCOPG). Immunophenotype and differentiation potential of MSCs were maintained following transduction. A xenogeneic model of MM was developed. 1 x 107 KMS-12-BM cells injected tail vein into b2 m NOD/SCID mice leads to tumour infiltration in the bone marrow at 6 weeks, with varied tumour take between the bones examined. Using histomorphometric analysis trabecular bone area (TBA) was assessed as the proportion of trabecular bone in 0.5625 mm2 of marrow space 0.2 mm from growth plate. OCL were recorded as the proportion lining the endocortical surface (%OcPm). Reduction of trabecular bone in the tibia is related to the amount of tumour (KMS-12-BM tibia with >70% tumour mean TBA 0.7+/− 0.2 vs. KMS-12-BM tibia with <70% tumour mean 5.1+/− 0.8, p<0.01, which is similar to non diseased animals). All subsequent analysis were carried out on tibia with >70% tumour. There was no change in trabecular bone in the lumbar vertebrae. OCL were increased in the tibia and lumbar vertebrae of tumour bearing mice (PBS group mean %OcPm 0.9+/− 0.3 and 1.1+/− 0.4 vs. KMS-12-BM group mean 7.2+/− 3.2 and 7.5 +/− 2.2 in tibia and lumbar vertebrae respectively, p=0.01 in both groups). We hypothesised that MSCs expressing OPG will prevent the increase in OCL and subsequent loss of trabecular bone. Infusion of unmanipulated MSC or MSCGPO had no effect on %OcPm or TBA in diseased animals. 1 x106 MSCOPG or MSCGPO were injected by tail vein 2, 3 and 4 weeks after KMS-12-BM injection. Another group received KMS-12-BM alone. All mice were culled at 6 weeks. Trabecular bone was increased in the tibia of tumour bearing mice treated with MSCOPG (mean TBA 1.4 +/− 0.5) compared to control animals receiving MSCGPO or tumour alone (mean TBA 0.6 +/− 0.2), p=0.03, with a trend showing a reduction of OCL in the tibia of the MSCOPG group (mean %OcPm 2.6+/− 1.0) vs. control group (mean %OcPm 4.2+/− 1.5, NS). Importantly in the lumbar vertebrae, OCL were reduced in the MSCOPG group (mean %OcPm 1.9 +/− 0.4) compared to control animals (mean %OcPm 3.5+/− 0.5), p<0.01. Conclusion: MSCs gene modified with OPG are able to increase TBA in the tibia and reverse OCL activation in a xenogeneic model of MM. Gene modified MSCs may have future potential in treating MM induced bone disease.

Bone histology of the ichthyosaurs: comparative data and functional interpretation

Paleobiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian de Buffrénil ◽  
Jean-Michel Mazin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Spongy Bone ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Slow Moving

The periosteal cortex in the shaft of limb bones is described histologically in three ichthyosaurian genera, Omphalosaurus, Stenopterygius, and Ichthyosaurus. The primary periosteal deposits are composed of typical woven-fibered tissue that was accreted as spongy bone in young individuals, and more or less compact bone in older individuals. During growth, the bone tissue was extensively remodeled with a quantitative imbalance between resorption and redeposition. As a result, the cortex was made cancellous, if previously compact, or still more spongy, if already cancellous. This pattern of remodeling explains why compact cortices are generally lacking in the long bones of ichthyosaurs. The presence of woven-fibered tissue strongly suggests that the limb bones, and probably also the body as a whole, had a rapid postnatal growth in ichthyosaurs, that might have been related to a high, “endotherm-like” metabolic rate. This hypothesis bears on the ecological interpretation of the ichthyosaurs: they could have been capable of sustained, fast swimming and long-range movements, rather than being slow-moving creatures as commonly supposed.

scholarly journals Preliminary result on trabecular bone score (TBS) in lumbar vertebrae with experimentally altered microarchitecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Di Stefano ◽  
G.C. Isaia ◽  
D. Cussa ◽  
G.L. Panattoni
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Qualitative Parameter

The aim of this preliminary research is to investigate the reliability of a new qualitative parameter, called Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), recently proposed for evaluating the microarchitectural arrangement of cancellous bone in scans carried out by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vertebral bodies of 15 fresh samples of lumbar spines of adult pig were analysed either in basal conditions and with altered microarchitecture of the cancellous bone obtained by progressive drilling. The examined bony areas do not show changes in bone mineral density (BMD), whereas TBS values decrease with the increasing alteration of the vertebral microtrabecular structure. Our preliminary data seem to confirm the reliability of TBS as a qualitative parameter useful for evaluating the microarchitectural strength in bony areas quantitatively analysed by DXA.

scholarly journals Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Trabecular Bone: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Miguel Perez-Viloria ◽  
Juan C. Villa-Camacho ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
Ara Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Highly Porous

Trabecular bone is a highly porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material which can be found at the epiphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies. Studying the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is important, since trabecular bone is the main load bearing bone in vertebral bodies and also transfers the load from joints to the compact bone of the cortex of long bones. This review article highlights the high dependency of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone on species, age, anatomic site, loading direction, and size of the sample under consideration. In recent years, high resolution micro finite element methods have been extensively used to specifically address the mechanical properties of the trabecular bone and provide unique tools to interpret and model the mechanical testing experiments. The aims of the current work are to first review the mechanobiology of trabecular bone and then present classical and new approaches for modeling and analyzing the trabecular bone microstructure and macrostructure and corresponding mechanical properties such as elastic properties and strength.

Dosimetry with 188Re-labelled monoclonal anti-CD66 antibodies

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kull ◽  
N. M. Blumstein ◽  
D. Bunjes ◽  
B. Neumaier ◽  
A. K. Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Simplified Method

SummaryAim: For the therapeutic application of radiopharmaceuticals the activity is determined on an individual basis. Here we investigated the accuracy for a simplified assessment of the residence times for a 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody. Patients, methods: For 49 patients with high risk leukaemia (24 men, 25 women, age: 44 ± 12 years) the residence times were determined for the injected 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 antibodies (1.3 ± 0.4 GBq, 5–7 GBq/mg protein, >95% 188Re bound to the antibody) based on 5 measurements (1.5, 3, 20, 26, and 44 h p.i.) using planar conjugate view gamma camera images (complete method). In a simplified method the residence times were calculated based on a single measurement 3 h p.i. Results: The residence times for kidneys, liver, red bone marrow, spleen and remainder of body for the complete method were 0.4 ± 0.2 h, 1.9 ± 0.8 h, 7.8 ± 2.1 h, 0.6 ± 0.3 h and 8.6 ± 2.1 h, respectively. For all organs a linear correlation exists between the residence times of the complete method and the simplified method with the slopes (correlation coefficients R > 0.89) of 0.89, 0.99, 1.23, 1.13 and 1.09 for kidneys, liver, red bone marrow, spleen and remainder of body, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed approach allows reliable prediction of biokinetics of 188Re-labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody biodistribution with a single study. Efficient pretherapeutic estimation of organ absorbed dose may be possible, provided that a more stable anti-CD66 antibody preparation is available.

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