scholarly journals REVERSING THE LENS, WACANA PERLAWANAN SEJARAH 1965 DALAM FILM THE ACT OF KILLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Witriani Witriani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
The World ◽  
World Opinion

As a study, documentary film is often used as a reference because of its historical, social, cultural and political representation which signifies the facts in society. It is no wonder that the production as well as the analysis of the film genre and its development around the world have created such debate, including in the academic realm. The film The Act of Killing is one of them. Directed by an American filmmaker, Joshua Oppenheimer, the film tries to reveal the other facts of Indonesian history which have been covered and never imagined before, especially, the implications of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) massacre in 1965. Taking the testimony of the actors, the film is quite controversial because it tells and descibes kind of sadism and human rights violations on PKI elements and other ethnicity. Thus it changes the world opinion about the Indonesian history in 1965. However, as a construction, film is a film. Sometimes, there is always a bias. What depicted in a film is a result of the cineast interpretation of historical events that may be different from other point of view. For instance, a contradictory between humanity and ideology has created a discourse among the viewers. While the director focus on a violation of human rights and set everything based on this perspectives, the actors or the perpetrators feel that what they did was a form of struggle to defense the country.

The Future of Human Rights: A View from the United Nations

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Summit ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peace And Development ◽  
Made In

Ever since the Charter of the United Nations was signed in 1945, human rights have constituted one of its three pillars, along with peace and development. As noted in a dictum coined during the World Summit of 2005: “There can be no peace without development, no development without peace, and neither without respect for human rights.” But while progress has been made in all three domains, it is with respect to human rights that the organization's performance has experienced some of its greatest shortcomings. Not coincidentally, the human rights pillar receives only a fraction of the resources enjoyed by the other two—a mere 3 percent of the general budget.

scholarly journals KRISIS DISIPLIN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: ANTI PLURALISME

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Zainal Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normative Belief ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Curriculum Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

This article discusses the problem of Islamic education from a theological and sociological point of view. The emergence of normative and verbalist Islamic education curriculum distorts the universality of Islam. Islam that is contextual in space and time, always in contact with sociological aspects, should be understood as something that can change its partiality dynamics continuously, even though there is a universal thing that is maintained as a normative belief. On the other hand, the failure of education to produce educational output that is dignified and virtuous has caused some people to distrust the world of education in developing the character and ethics of children. The vote of disbelief is getting stronger with the emergence of the National curriculum model which gives a greater portion of general subjects than religious subjects. This paper is a criticism of the development of the world of education in Indonesia, with the hope that education stakeholders make changes to the education system and the applicable curriculum.

scholarly journals Problem of Statelessness in Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Rameshwor Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Universal Principle ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Instruments

This paper highlighted Nepalese statelessness issue from Nationality perspective. Nationality is one of the major human rights concerns of the citizens. In fact, citizenship is one of the major fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution. According to the universal principle related to the statelessness, no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his or her nationality. In this connection, on one hand, this paper traced out the international legal obligations created by the conventions to the state parties in which state must bear the responsibility for making national laws to comply with the international instruments. On the other hand, this paper also appraised statelessness related lacunae and shortcomings seen in Municipal laws as well as gender discriminatory laws that has been supporting citizens to become statelessness. By virtue being a one of the modern democratic states in the world, it is the responsibility of the government to protect and promote human rights of the citizens including women and children. Finally, this paper suggests government to take necessary initiation to change and repeal the discriminatory provisions related to citizenship which are seen in the constitution and other statutory laws.

Documenting atrocities around the world: Why engage with the perpetrators?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Canet
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Following a century filled with violations of human rights, a significant number of documentary films have appeared since the first decade of the current century that report these events. Traditionally this process is carried out from the victims’ point of view. However, a new tendency has emerged in which the films deal with the perpetrators’ perspective. It is easy to understand how establishing a relationship with a person who has committed atrocities may be problematic. So, why should we engage with perpetrators? The overarching purpose of this article is to attempt to offer some answers to this question. To this end, two methodological approaches are carried out in parallel: first, this article explores a sample of five documentary films and the filmmakers’ considerations of what their engagement with the perpetrators was like. Second, this article reviews the related literature and the controversial reception of these films by some scholars. In doing so, I also posit a theory that 4Rs (remembrance, recognition, remorse, and redemption) are a necessary prerequisite for the fifth R, of reconciliation. The final elaboration of this schema is mainly based on an example of interpersonal reconciliation.

Comparing the incomparable and legal discourse

Semiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (209) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Augusto Ponzio
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Law

AbstractIt is not with the State that personal responsibility arises towards the other. According to Emmanuel Levinas, the other is every single human being I am responsible for, and I am this responsibility for him. The other, my fellow, is the first comer. But I do not live in a world with just one single “first comer”; there is always another other, a third, who is also my other, my fellow. Otherness, beginning with this third, is a plurality. Proximity as responsibility is a plurality. There is a need for justice. There is the obligation to compare unique and incomparable others. This is what is hidden, unsaid, implied in legal discourse. But recourse to comparison among that which cannot be compared, among that which is incomparable is justified by love of justice for the other. It is this justification that confers a sense to law, which is always dura lex, and to the statement that citizens are equal before the law. From this point of view, State justice is always imperfect with respect to human rights understood as the rights of the other, of every other in his absolute difference, in his incomparable otherness.

Perspective-taking

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Goal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Device

This chapter discusses how perspectivism is the device through which each one of us, who first and foremost sees the world from his point of view, is able to recognize that precisely as just one point of view, and thereby to change it. A healthy mental condition implies the ability to change one’s point of view and temporarily take the perspective of another person. The stronger the reciprocity of perspectives between my former and my present ego, and between my own vantage and the Other’s, the weaker the tendency to perceive my motivations as absolutely necessary. Perspectivism allows me to see myself as not strictly determined by the past and by the involuntary, and may restore a sense of agency. This explains why the reciprocity of perspectives is a therapeutic goal and perspectivism—the attempt to see things from the point of view of the Other—is a therapeutic device.

THREE PROBLEMS OF OTHER MINDS

Think ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (51) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Chad Engelland
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
Traditional Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Problem Of Other Minds ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Everyday Experiences

The traditional problem of other minds is epistemological. What justification can be given for thinking that the world is populated with other minds? More recently, some philosophers have argued for a second problem of other minds that is conceptual. How can we conceive of the point of view of another mind in relation to our own? This article retraces the logic of the epistemological and conceptual problems, and it argues for a third problem of other minds. This is the phenomenological problem which concerns the philosophical (rather than psychological) question of experience. How is another mind experienced as another mind? The article offers dialectical and motivational justification for regarding these as three distinct problems. First, it argues that while the phenomenological problem cannot be reduced to the other problems, it is logically presupposed by them. Second, the article examines how the three problems are motivated by everyday experiences in three distinct ways.

Melissus And His Opponents: The Argument of DK 30 B 8

Phronesis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Makin
Keyword(s):  
Prima Facie ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
Orthodox Interpretation ◽  
Realist Position ◽  
The World ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The One

AbstractIn this paper I offer a new interpretation of Melissus' argument at DK 30 B8.In this passage Melissus uses an Eleatic argument against change to challenge an opponent who appeals to the authority of perception in order to support the view that there are a plurality of items in the world. I identify an orthodox type of approach to this passage, but argue that it cannot give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' strategy. In order to assess Melissus' overall argument we have to identify the opponent at whom it is aimed. The orthodox interpretation of the argument faces a dilemma: Melissus' argument is either a poor argument against a plausible opponent or a good argument against an implausible opponent.My interpretation turns on identifying a new target for Melissus' argument. I explain the position I call Bluff Realism (contrasting it with two other views: the Pig Headed and the Fully Engaged). These are positions concerning the dialectical relation between perception on the one hand, and arguments to counter-perceptual conclusions on the other. I argue that Bluff Realism represents a serious threat from an Eleatic point of view, and is prima facie an attractive position in its own right.I then give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' argument in DK 30 B8, showing how he produces a strong and incisive argument against the Bluff Realist position I have identified. Melissus emerges as an innovative and astute philosopher.

Abwesenheitsverfahren vor völkerstrafrechtlichen Tribunalen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Simon Eibach
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Principle ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

How should international criminal tribunals react if member states refuse to cooperate and if, therefore, those wanted by international arrest warrants remain in their exalted position in the eyes of the world? The majority of tribunals accept this situation and prefer to concentrate their resources on other proceedings. Some tribunals, on the other hand, choose a different path and allow proceedings in absentia. Based on a legal comparison of different national jurisdictions, this work uses an empirical approach to examine the extent to which international criminal tribunals have conducted such proceedings in the absence of the accused. On this basis, the work scrutinises the legality of such proceedings in accordance with human rights. Subsequently, criminal theories are used to determine the reason and the limitations of the general principle that the accused is supposed to be in court during his or her trial.

scholarly journals Reading for the dignity of all: Overcoming the troubling legacy of the Old Testament

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Juliana Claassens
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Martha Nussbaum ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The World ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
Equal Respect

In light of the numerous instances in the Hebrew Bible in which the dignity of its characters are threatened, violated or potentially violated, this article seeks to identify a number of strategies that may be used to read the Bible for the dignity of all so overcoming the Old Testament’s troubling legacy. These strategies have been inspired by the work of Martha Nussbaum who, in one of her recent books, The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age, names three principles that may help a society to become more compassionate in nature and to transcend, what she calls, a narcissistic notion of fear: (1) Political (and I would add religious) principles that express equal respect and dignity for all people (2) Rigorous critical thinking that criticizes inconsistencies that may lead to human rights violations (3) Developing an empathetic or participatory imagination, in which one is able to consider how the world looks from the point of view of a person of a different cultural or religious point of view.

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