scholarly journals Characterisation of sphaeractinomyxon types (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from marine and freshwater oligochaetes in a Portuguese estuary, with the demise of the endocapsa collective group

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rocha ◽  
Angela Alves ◽  
Carlos Antunes ◽  
Pedro Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Group ◽  
Freshwater Oligochaetes

Teredolithus, a New Collective Group Name

Science ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 71 (1844) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Paul Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Collective Group

Religiosity Rejected

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-254
Author(s):  
Renee Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Ultimate Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Religious Nature

As the descendant of Werner Erhard's 1970s Human Potential group est (Erhard Seminars Training), Landmark Education has continuously denied being a religious organization. Despite ample discourse on the religious nature of the group within popular online and print media, a conspicuous void within academia - particularly within Religious Studies - speaks volumes. Rarely are the boundaries of what constitutes a ‘religion’ expanded in order to explore those groups that, though not understood to be ‘religious’ in a traditional sense, clearly contribute to contemporary 'spiritual' life. And yet, that Landmark Education is perceived as being somehow religious demands deeper analysis. This article highlights the problematics of 'religion' within late Western modernity as illustrated by the contention surrounding the religious status of both Scientology and Transcendental Meditation. A discussion of Landmark Education is offered in light of these issues, along with a dissection of the religio-spiritual dimensions of the organisation and its primary product, the Landmark Forum. Incorporating several eastern spiritual practices, the highly emotional nature of the Landmark Forum’s weekend training is such as to create Durkheimian notions of 'religious effervescence', altering pre-existing belief systems and producing a sense of the sacred collective. Group-specific language contributes to this, whilst simultaneously shrouding Landmark Education in mystery and esotericism. The Forum is replete with stories of miracles, healings, and salvation apposite for a modern western paradigm. Indeed, the sacred pervades the training, manifested in the form of the Self, capable of altering the very nature of the world and representing the 'ultimate concern'.

scholarly journals Active sensing in groups: (what) do bats hear in the sonar cocktail party nightmare?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thejasvi Beleyur ◽  
Holger R. Goerlitz
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Sensory Strategies ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Echo Detection

ABSTRACTActive sensing animals perceive their surroundings by emitting probes of energy and analyzing how the environment modulates these probes. However, the probes of conspecifics can jam active sensing, which should cause problems for groups of active sensing animals. This problem was termed the cocktail party nightmare for echolocating bats: as bats listen for the faint returning echoes of their loud calls, these echoes will be masked by the loud calls of other close-by bats. Despite this problem, many bats echolocate in groups and roost socially. Here, we present a biologically parametrized framework to quantify echo detection in groups. Incorporating known properties of echolocation, psychoacoustics, spatial acoustics and group flight, we quantify how well bats flying in groups can detect each other despite jamming. A focal bat in the center of a group can detect neighbors for group sizes of up to 100 bats. With increasing group size, fewer and only the closest and frontal neighbors are detected. Neighbor detection is improved for longer call intervals, shorter call durations, denser groups and more variable flight and sonar beam directions. Our results provide the first quantification of the sensory input of echolocating bats in collective group flight, such as mating swarms or emergences. Our results further generate predictions on the sensory strategies bats may use to reduce jamming in the cocktail party nightmare. Lastly, we suggest that the spatially limited sensory field of echolocators leads to limited interactions within a group, so that collective behavior is achieved by following only nearest neighbors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTClose-by active sensing animals may interfere with each other. We investigated if and what many echolocators fly in a group hear – can they detect each other after all? We modelled acoustic and physical properties in group echolocation to quantify neighbor detection probability as group size increases. Echolocating bats can detect at least one of their closest neighbors per call up to group sizes of even 100 bats. Call parameters such as call rate and call duration play a strong role in how much echolocators in a group interfere with each other. Even when many bats fly together, they are indeed able to detect at least their nearest frontal neighbors – and this prevents them from colliding into one another.

scholarly journals Inferred predation of Fairy Tern eggs by Ruddy Turnstones at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, an internationally significant shorebird site

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
C.N. Greenwell ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Egg Predation ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
The Tropics

Ruddy Turnstones Arenaria interpres have been identified as egg-predators at seabird and shorebird colonies, including gull and tern colonies in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere. The Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis is a threatened (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: Vulnerable) coastal seabird, whose breeding behaviour and ecology expose it to a wide range of threats. This study describes inferred predation on Fairy Tern eggs at a small breeding colony on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, by Ruddy Turnstones, a previously unsuspected predator for thisspecies. Unlike the behavioural response shown towards Silver Gulls Larus novaehollandiae and Australian Ravens Corvus coronoides, which includes collective group defence and dive-bombing, Fairy Terns showed a lack of aggression towards Turnstones within the colony. The lack of a behavioural response suggests that the Terns did not recognise the Turnstones as predators, which may increase the risk of egg-predation. This study suggests that we should be alert to threats from unsuspected predators, which have the potential to reduce the breeding success of this Vulnerable tern.

scholarly journals High-order social interactions in groups of mice

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Shemesh ◽  
Yehezkel Sztainberg ◽  
Oren Forkosh ◽  
Tamar Shlapobersky ◽  
Alon Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
High Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Collective Group

Social behavior in mammals is often studied in pairs under artificial conditions, yet groups may rely on more complicated social structures. Here, we use a novel system for tracking multiple animals in a rich environment to characterize the nature of group behavior and interactions, and show strongly correlated group behavior in mice. We have found that the minimal models that rely only on individual traits and pairwise correlations between animals are not enough to capture group behavior, but that models that include third-order interactions give a very accurate description of the group. These models allow us to infer social interaction maps for individual groups. Using this approach, we show that environmental complexity during adolescence affects the collective group behavior of adult mice, in particular altering the role of high-order structure. Our results provide new experimental and mathematical frameworks for studying group behavior and social interactions.

scholarly journals Churn rate prediction in Telecommunication systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4720-4725
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Switching Costs ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Rate Prediction ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Telecom Industry

The broad view of chum rate measures the amount of individuals or items comes out of a collective group over a predefined time period. Many challenges linked with the churn rates in the telecom industry rise in increasing competition with the elimination of switching costs. The customer loyalty over the telecom industry exists along with the service provider struggling to offer improved services with the lower cost. Many author reviews depends on the churn rate prediction in the field of telecommunication sector discussed with the paper. The paper talk about an idea related with an application of churn rate for the technical review.

Teredolithus, a New Collective Group Name

Science ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 71 (1844) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Paul Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Collective Group

The Context

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Liem
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Collective Group

Chapter three describes how lifers for this study were recruited and the context in which the life history interviews took place. It also touches on the characteristics of the interviewees, and the geographical and cultural background that shaped their lives. This includes the place of incarceration (in particular Walpole State Prison and Bridgewater State Hospital), the time of incarceration and the socio-cultural context of their lives at the time of their crimes. They are a heterogeneous, though collective, group of individuals, whose histories leading up to the homicide were remarkably similar. Since virtually all interviewed lifers were on parole, this chapter also devotes attention to the nature of parole, parole supervision and the influence of the Willie Horton and Dominic Cinelli cases.

Race, Ethnicity, and a Theory of Substantive Representation in Congressional Oversight

Oversight ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Minta
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Action ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Group Norm ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Black And Latino

This chapter outlines the relationship between race, ethnicity, and substantive representation via an in-depth discussion of how racial and ethnic group consciousness operates among black and Latino representatives in Congress. While all members of Congress face the pressure of making the right decisions to increase their chances at reelection, black and Latino legislators, unlike most white legislators, face an additional pressure: they are motivated by a group norm that requires them to engage in collective group action on issues of concern to other blacks and Latinos. White legislators are mainly responsible for being responsive to the constituents in their districts, whereas black and Latino legislators are also expected to represent the interests of all blacks and Latinos nationally. The strategy they pursue of “strategic group uplift” falls at the intersection of their electoral goals and their commitment to advance group interests.

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