scholarly journals Terroryzm i religia

Etyka ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Jacek Hołówka
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Religious Conviction ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
White Horse

The Twin Towers were destroyed by Muslim fanatics. Their inability to perceive the repulsive aspect of their act is remarkable and requires a philosophical interpretation. Obviously, religious beliefs can not be tested on empirical grounds or by logical arguments. On the other hand it would be wrong to assume that every religious conviction is as credible as any other. The author tries to separate innocuous religious beliefs from insane claims by arguing that the most reliable criterion of religious plausibility can be derived from Plato’s Phaedrus and the story of two horses, one white and one black, pulling the chariot of our souls. The white horse stands for saintliness, the black for sin. One can not do much more to make the distinction between the safe and uplifting aspect of religion and the dangerous and irresponsible aspect of faith more precise and specific. Terrorism is a deviation that arises within a religion where this distinction has been completely confused, where goodness is identified with a blind and unconditional submission to one group of religious adherents and evil with distancing oneself from the group. Social and political loyalty has replaced religious loyalty. So narrow an interpretation of can not be reconciled with an impartial concept of sin and righteousness.

Spandrels, Gazelles and Flying Buttresses: Religion as Adaptation or as a By-Product

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theories Of Religion

AbstractThis article discusses recent naturalistic theories of religion from the viewpoint of how the deal with the issue of the origins of religion. It will be argued that the theories can be divided according to if they view religion as being an adaptation or not, on the other hand, and if they consider it to be mostly natural or cultural on the other. On the basis of this discussion, it is suggested that a cognitive mechanism referred to here as the narrative drive seem to have a fundamental role to play in the formation of religious beliefs and, thus, in the origins of religion.

scholarly journals Kontrowersje wokół powstania człowieka - wstępna analiza ankiet studentów

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Jacek Tomczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Bugajak
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Origin Of Man

The paper presents the results of the research which was carried out as a part of the project: Current controversies about human origins. Between anthropology and the Bible, this project was focused on the supposed conflict between natural sciences and theology (or religious beliefs) with regard to the origin of man. The research was aimed at finding out whether such a conflict really exits. For we cannot exclude the possibility that these controversies have no factual ground and their significance is inflated by American popular literature. If, on the other hand, we assume that the conflict is real, it should be worthwhile examining its sources. Such an approach may prove helpful in systematize the highly emotional debates about the origin of man. One of the ways of tackling the issue was a questionnaire which was distributed among students, teachers and university professors. Our respondents represented three disciplines: theology, philosophy and natural sciences, t t e paper presents selected results of the questionnaire which was addressed to a group of students, they were asked to fill in the form consisting of eleven questions, these questions concerned the following issues: the existence of the conflict between evolutionism and creationism, the definitions of creation and evolution, the existence of the spiritual element in man, and the ways of interpreting the Bible (esp. the first chapters of the Book of Genesis).

scholarly journals Accommodating What Needn’t Be Special

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Letsas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Religious Accommodation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Liberal debates on religious accommodation have so far focused on the nature of the interest upon which the right to freedom of religion is based. Liberals who oppose religious accommodation argue that there is nothing special about religious belief. Those who defend accommodation on the other hand seek to identify some property (such as conscience or deep commitments) that both religious and non-religious beliefs can share. The article seeks to develop an argument in favor of certain types of religious accommodation that is agnostic about the nature of religious belief and whether it is special in any sense. It argues that it is a mistake to think that the question of religious accommodation, as it arises in law, must necessarily turn on arguments about freedom of religion. The principle of fairness can justify legal duties to accommodate religious (and non-religious) practices, without the need to assess the character of the practice in question or the reasons for engaging in it. The article argues further that the principle of fairness can better explain why human rights courts uphold some claims for religious accommodation as reasonable, and not others.

Religious Beliefs as World-View Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Winfried Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Reasons ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
German Contribution

In this paper, I defend a moderately cognitive account of religious beliefs. Religious beliefs are interpreted as “worldview beliefs”, which I explicate as being indispensable to our everyday and scientific practice; my reading is nonetheless distinct from non-cognitivist readings of “worldview belief” which occasionally appear in the literature. I start with a brief analysis of a recent German contribution to the debate which on the one hand (rightly) insists on the priority of epistemic reasons for or against religious beliefs, but on the other hand contends that religious beliefs are worldview beliefs (section 1). This leads me to explicate a special sense of worldview beliefs, as well as their cognitive role (2). After that, I shed some light on a special epistemological characteristic of worldview beliefs, namely the strong involvement of “free certitude” in their acceptance. I explore the implications for the possible role of arguments for worldview beliefs, especially for worldview beliefs concerning theism (3).

Die musikalische Ambivalenz in Kleists Die heilige Cäcilie oder die Gewalt der Musik: Urteil über den Katholizismus oder Hilfsmittel zur Glaubensfindung?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Raphaela Tkotzyk
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Concrete Statement ◽  
Alternative Understanding ◽  
The Way

AbstractHeinrich von Kleist’s attitude toward the Catholic Church has produced two major positions in modern German literature. On one hand, there are those who understand Kleist simply as a church critic; on the other hand, there are those who consider Kleist’s attitude – and his alleged Kantian crisis and departure from all scholars – as supportive towards the Church. Die heilige Cäcilie precisely exemplifies this debate, because, depending on the way one reads the narrative, the text can be interpreted as an endorsement or as a criticism of the Church. However, the text can be read quite differently for yet, a third, alternative understanding: the element of music involved in Die heilige Cäcilie undermines a concrete definition of its position as well as a concrete statement regarding Kleist’s religious creed. Thereby, it serves as a tool to help the reader to make decisions in terms of religious beliefs and doctrines.

scholarly journals ZOMBIE AS A FLESH OF (POST)CAPITALISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Labour Power

The article is devoted to the consideration of the image of zombie in two contexts, which are, firstly, the transformation of capitalist figures of production and consumption, and secondly, the transformation of desire and sensuality. Two models of socio-philosophical interpretation of zombies related to the development of capitalism are revealed: the consumer and the proletarian. They concern the discourse of the economic crisis and the disgust to “irrational consumption” and the discourse of the exploitation of the worker by dead labor. It is noted that the image of zombie embodies total alienation, loss of social connection, which is based on emotional affinity, intimacy and affectivity. The figure of zombie is seen as the opposite of the Enlightenment model of human existence, which is characterized by a fundamental multiplicity, sensitivity and taste, which became the basis of a market economy. The image of zombie represents the fear of dissolving human diversity in the identity of desire and corporeality, which is destroyed and appears as “the same”. Zombies embody the instinct and infectivity of being. They denote “naked life”, the signs of which are the right to kill or exploit them. On the other hand, zombies are the embodiment of Use value: an empty post-capitalist, post-proletarian and post-consumer “life” reduced to pure need. Zombies figure represents the inner contradiction of (post)capitalism: on the one hand, the fear of renewing a Labour power that is no longer able to work, and on the other, the fear of losing sensual diversity that suspends the endless process of consumption. Thus, the fear of zombie is a defensive reaction to capitalist existence. On the other hand, it is an adjustment of consciousness, when the coercion to work and consume is based on the fear of becoming a zombie, in the presence of an unconscious willingness to destroy those whom capitalism excludes as zombies.

scholarly journals The religious prism of South East - Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
KVVS Satyanarayana Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mahayana Buddhism ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Confucian Philosophy ◽  
Mahāyāna Buddhism

When two or more religious belief systems are combined into a new system, this is known as religious syncretism. It may also be defined as the incorporation of beliefs from unconnected traditions into a religious tradition. Polytheism and numerous religious affiliations, on the other hand, are seen as diametrically opposed to one another. These situations can arise for a variety of reasons, with the latter scenario occurring quite frequently in areas where multiple religious traditions coexist in close proximity to one another and are actively practised in the culture. It can also occur when a culture is conquered, with the conquerors bringing their religious beliefs with them but not succeeding in completely eradicating the old beliefs, and especially the old practises. Faiths' beliefs or histories may have syncretic components, however members of these so-labeled systems sometimes object to the label's use, particularly those who belong to "revealed" religious systems, such as Abrahamic religions, or any system that takes an exclusivist stance. Syncretism is viewed as a betrayal of the pure truth by some supporters of such beliefs. According to this logic, introducing a belief that is incompatible with the original religion corrupts it and renders it untrue altogether. Indeed, detractors of a certain syncretistic trend may occasionally use the term "syncretism" as a derogatory pejorative, meaning that individuals who attempt to adopt a new idea, belief, or practise into a religious system are really distorting the original faith by doing so. A fatal compromise of the integrity of the prevailing religion is, according to Keith Ferdinando, as a result of this development. Religions that are not exclusivist, on the other hand, are likely to feel free to absorb other traditions into their own systems of thought. Many traditional beliefs in East Asian civilizations have become entwined with Buddhism due to the assumption that Buddhism is compatible with local religions. The Three Teachings, or Triple Religion, which harmonizes Mahayana Buddhism with Confucian philosophy and elements of Taoism, and Shinbutsu-shg, which is a syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, are two examples of notable concretizations of Buddhism with local beliefs. The Three Teachings, or Triple Religion, harmonizes Mahayana Buddhism with Confucian philosophy and elements of Taoism, and Shinbutsu-shg, which East Asian religious beliefs, practises, and identities (who, by any measure, constitute the majority of the world's Buddhists) frequently incorporate elements of other religious traditions, such as Confucianism, Chinese folk religion.

scholarly journals KEBEBASAN PEKERJA DALAM MENJALANKAN IBADAH DI KAWASAN INDUSTRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-156
Author(s):  
Ikhwan Aulia Fatahillah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
A Site

AbstractImplementation of Law No. 13 of 2003 on manpower is interesting to do because the company has violated and does not provide freedom for employees to exercise their religious beliefs. The limitation of worship facilities in the workplace is one of the forms of how the company has no commitment to implementation of the by that have been laid down. The research on freedom of worship of the workers has chosen a place, namely in Bekasi Regency. The purpose of this research is to provide a deep description and understanding of freedom in the conduct of the worship of workers under the Law No. 13 of 2003 on employment in freedom of exercise of religious obligations for the workers in Bekasi regency. This research uses a Quali-tatif method and gives birth to the Keismpulan namely (1) companies that become a site of research in Bekasi has provided the facilities and infrastructure of worship as stipulated Act No. 13 of 2003 on employment in freedom of exercise of religious obligations. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the workers still expect the improvement of the quality and quantity of worship facilities so that it can run the worship more comfortably; and (2) in general, consciousness worships the workers at levels or levels. That is to say, they have faith in God with minimal knowledge of faith. They also carry out religious practices as evidence of the faith itself and as evidence of obedience to God.AbstrakImplementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Kete­naga­kerjaan menjadi menarik dilakukan karena kerapkali perusahaan melanggar dan tidak memberikan kebebasan untuk para pegawai dalam menjalankan keyakinan agamanya. Keterba­ta­san sarana ibadah di tempat kerja pun merupakan salah satu bentuk bagaimana perusahaan tidak memiliki komitmen terhadap imple­mentasi atauran yang telah diundang­kan. Penelitian menge­nai kebebasan beribadah kaum pekerja ini memilih tempat, yaitu di Kabupaten Bekasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan deskripsi dan pemahaman secara mendalam mengenai Kebebasan Dalam Menjalankan Beribadah Pekerja Dihubung­kan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan Dalam Kebebasan Menjalankan Kewajiban Beragama Bagi para kaum pekerja di Kabupaten Bekasi. Penelitan ini menggunakan metode kuali­tatif dan melahirkan keismpulan yakni (1) perusahaan-perusahaan yang menjadi tempat penelitan di Kabupaten Bekasi sudah menye­diakan sarana dan prasarana ibadah sebagaimana diatur Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenaga­kerja­an dalam Kebe­ba­san Men­jalan­kan Kewajiban Beragama. Namun demikian, di sisi lain, para buruh masih mengharapkan per­baikan kualitas dan kuantitas sara­na ibadah sehingga dapat menjalankan ibadah lebih nyaman; dan (2) secara umum, kesa­da­ran beribadah para pekerja berada pada tingkat atau level biasa. Artinya, bahwa benar mereka beriman kepada Allah dengan penge­­tahuan keimanan yang minimal. Mereka juga melak­sana­kan praktik agama sebagai bukti dari keimanan itu sendiri dan sebagai bukti ketaatan kepada Allah.

Where “the blood boils:” Hans Christian Andersen’s sojourn in Naples

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Frances Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Grand Tour ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hans Christian Andersen ◽  
Typical Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

When in 1834, during his Grand Tour of Europe, Hans Christian Andersen set foot in Naples, he was immediately won over by the exuberant vitality of the Neapolitan people. The Parthenopean city, where he “was exposed to sensuality as a daily temptation” (Rossel, “Hans Christian Andersen” 24 and “Do You Know the Land” 95), also awakened Andersen’s more repressed instincts. From this experience he drew material for his most autobiographical novel, Improvisatoren (1835; The Improvisatore), whose protagonist tries to and succeeds in resisting the seductions of Neapolitan sensuality. If on the one hand the Danish author underwent the typical experience of the Northern traveller visiting the South and, more specifically, Naples, enjoying its openness and gaiety, on the other hand he never completely abandoned himself to Southern allures, upholding his moral and religious beliefs against a city that continuously attempted to wholly seduce him. The present paper aims to retrace Andersen’s first journey to Naples—where, by the writer’s own account, “the blood boils” (The Diaries of Hans Christian Andersen 85)—as a voyage into a tempting sensuality, contextualizing it within the wider context of nineteenth-century travelling experience in the city by Northern travellers.

Double Religious Belonging and Some Commonly Held Ideas about Dialogue and Conversion

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Fridlund
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Conviction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

There is often a perceived tension between dialogue on the one hand and conversion on the other hand. This article suggests that this tension may be related to religious conviction and religious belonging being seen as monolithic. A basic idea of this article is that there are suggestive empirical findings and relevant conceptual arguments about double religious belonging in a large sense, which lead to a profound questioning, which undermines established views of religion as comprehensive systems. This has implications for conceptions of dialogue and conversion. It is suggested that a consequence of taking into consideration double religious belonging in a broad sense is that established ideas of religions as comprehensive interpretative schemes are undermined. Instead, one would have to acknowledge the fragmented, partial, and contextual character of religion. Accordingly, interreligious dialogue and conversion must also be understood as diversified, variegated and fragmented phenomena. Dialogue is addressed to specific issues, in precise contexts, regarding particular concerns, and the same could generally be said of the aim to convert others.

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