Monitoring Concrete Curing by Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad N. Alnuaimi ◽  
Saptarshi Sasmal ◽  
Umar Amjad ◽  
Arash Nikvar-Hassani ◽  
Lianyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Material With Different Porosity Induced by Varying Material Printing Speed Using Guided Acoustic Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeHyuk Park ◽  
Hamad Alnuaimi ◽  
Anna Hayes ◽  
Madison Sitkiewicz ◽  
Umar Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Scan Speed ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Abstract Guided acoustic wave based techniques have been found to be very effective for damage detection, and both quantitative and qualitative characterization of materials. In this research, guided acoustic wave techniques are used for porosity evaluation of additively manufactured materials. A metal 3D printer, Concept Laser Mlab 200 R Cusing™, is used to manufacture 316L additively manufactured (AM) stainless steel specimens. Two levels of porosity are investigated in this study, which was controlled by a suitable combination of scan speed and laser power. The sample with lower level of porosity is obtained with a low scanning speed. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers are used to generate guided acoustic waves. The signal is excited and propagated through the specimens in a single sided transmission mode setup. Signal processing of the recorded signals for damage analysis involves both linear and nonlinear analyses. Linear ultrasonic parameters such as the time-of-flight and magnitude of the propagating waves are recorded. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, the Sideband Peak Count Index (SPC-I) is obtained by a newly developed nonlinear analysis technique. Results obtained for both specimens are analyzed and compared using both linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of SPC-I technique in monitoring porosity levels in AM specimens is discussed.

Delamination Detection in Composite Plates Using Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Guided Waves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Shen ◽  
Mingjing Cen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Waves ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometry ◽  
Delamination Detection ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Abstract This paper presents a delamination detection strategy for composite plates using linear and nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves via the wave field imaging and signal processing based on Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV). The anisotropic elastodynamics in composite plates is first studied. Two numerical methods are deployed to analyze the wave mechanics within the composite plates. The Semi-analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method is utilized to obtain the dispersion curves and mode shapes for a carbon fiber composite plate by bonding two quasi-isotropic carbon fiber composite panels together. The Local Interaction Simulation Approach has been employed to investigate the wave propagation and interaction with the delamination. Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity (CAN) between the delamination interfaces during wave damage interaction is presented as a potential mechanism for delamination detection. After developing an in-depth understanding of the wave propagation and wave damage interaction mechanism, active sensing experiments are conducted using the Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (PWAS) and the Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV). Two delamination imaging methodologies are presented. The first one utilizes the total wave energy to detect the delamination, taking advantage of the trapped modes within the delaminated area. The second one adopts the nonlinear second harmonic imaging algorithm, highlighting the nonlinear interaction traces at the delamination region. The damage detection images are finally compared and fused to provide detailed diagnostic information of the delamination. The damage imaging technique presented in this paper possesses great potential in material evaluation and characterization applications. This paper finishes with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.

Multi-level damage detection with nonlinear ultrasonic methods

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Matlack ◽  
Jin-Yeon Kim ◽  
Laurence J. Jacobs ◽  
Jianmin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Multi Level

Monitoring damage in composite plates from crack initiation to macro-crack propagation combining linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172092292
Author(s):  
Hamad Alnuaimi ◽  
Umar Amjad ◽  
Pietro Russo ◽  
Valentina Lopresto ◽  
Tribikram Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Plates ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Damage Progression ◽  
Nonlinear Ultrasonic ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Ultrasonic Parameters ◽  
Peak Count ◽  
Ultrasonic Parameter

In this article, a holistic technique for sensing damage initiation, as well as damage progression in composite plates, is presented combining linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. For this investigation, multiple sets of composite plate specimens made of two different composite materials were fabricated to check if the proposed technique works for different types of specimens. The specimens were damaged by impact loading and then inspected by propagating Lamb waves through them. Different failure mechanisms, such as fiber breaks, matrix cracking, debonding, and delamination, cause composite damage. Two groups of composite specimens that were fabricated and damaged were glass fiber–reinforced polymer composite and basalt fiber–reinforced polymer composite. A chirp signal excited by PZT (lead zirconate titanate) transducer was propagated through undamaged and damaged specimens to investigate the effects of varying degrees of damage on the recorded signals. Both linear and nonlinear ultrasonic parameters were extracted from the recorded signals and analyzed. The change in the linear ultrasonic parameters such as the wave speed and attenuation with damage progression were recorded. A new nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, the sideband peak count or sideband peak count-index, is also introduced and calculated from the recorded signals. It is observed that the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter can monitor the early stage of damage progression better than the linear ultrasonic parameters, while some linear ultrasonic parameters are more effective than the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter for monitoring the advanced stage of damage. Therefore, a combination of linear ultrasonic and nonlinear ultrasonic analyses is ideal for the holistic monitoring of the composite panels from the crack nucleation stage to the structural failure stage.

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