Effect of Bend Radius of Reinforcing Bars on Knee Joints under Closing Moments

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joint cartilage affecting the elderly people around the world. Visualization and quantification of cartilage is very much essential for the assessment of OA and rehabilitation of the affected people. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most widely used imaging modality in the treatment of knee joint diseases. But there are many challenges in proper visualization and quantification of articular cartilage using MRI. Volume rendering and 3D visualization can provide an overview of anatomy and disease condition of knee joint. In this work, cartilage is segmented from knee joint MRI, visualized in 3D using Volume of Interest (VOI) approach. Methods: Visualization of cartilage helps in the assessment of cartilage degradation in diseased knee joints. Cartilage thickness and volume were quantified using image processing techniques in OA affected knee joints. Statistical analysis is carried out on processed data set consisting of 110 of knee joints which include male (56) and female (54) of normal (22) and different stages of OA (88). The differences in thickness and volume of cartilage were observed in cartilage in groups based on age, gender and BMI in normal and progressive OA knee joints. Results: The results show that size and volume of cartilage are found to be significantly low in OA as compared to normal knee joints. The cartilage thickness and volume is significantly low for people with age 50 years and above and Body Mass Index (BMI) equal and greater than 25. Cartilage volume correlates with the progression of the disease and can be used for the evaluation of the response to therapies. Conclusion: The developed methods can be used as helping tool in the assessment of cartilage degradation in OA affected knee joint patients and treatment planning.

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Calcium-Suppressed Technique in Dual-Layer Detector Computed Tomography to Evaluate Knee Articular Cartilage

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405616666201008150644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Qinglin Meng ◽

Mengqi Liu ◽

Weiwei Deng ◽

Ke Chen ◽

Botao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Bone Marrow Edema ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽

Proton Density ◽

Knee Cartilage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Marrow Edema

Background: Calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) technique involving spectral-based images has been used to observe bone marrow edema by removing calcium components from the image. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knee articular cartilage using the CaSupp technique in dual-layer detector computed tomography (DLCT). Methods: Twenty-eight healthy participants and two patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled, who underwent DLCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. CaSupp images were reconstructed from spectral-based images using a calcium suppression algorithm and were overlaid conventional CT images for visual evaluation. The morphology of the knee cartilage was evaluated, and the thickness of the articular cartilage was measured on sagittal proton density– weighted and CaSupp images in the patellofemoral compartment. Results: No abnormal signal or density, cartilage defect, and subjacent bone ulceration were observed in the lateral and medial femorotibial compartments and the patellofemoral compartment on MRI images and CaSupp images for the 48 normal knee joints. CaSupp images could clearly identify cartilage thinning, defect, subjacent bone marrow edema, and edema of the infrapatellar fat pad in the same way as MRI images in the three knee joints with osteoarthritis. A significant difference was found in the mean thickness of the patellar cartilage between MRI images and CaSupp images, while the femoral cartilage presented no significant difference in thickness between MRI images and CaSupp images over all 48 knee joints. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that CaSupp images could effectively be used to perform the visual and quantitative assessment of knee cartilage.

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Some Aspects of Using Stainless Steel as Concrete Reinforcing Bars and Recent Developments in High Nitrogen, Low Nickel Stainless Steels

Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2212797611104030234 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 234-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kin H. Lo ◽

Keng. H. Cheang ◽

Nasir Sinan

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Reinforcing Bars ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Recent Developments

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The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2018/2010129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong Huang ◽

Yan-Qing Liu ◽

Li-Shuang Liang ◽

Xue-Wu Lin ◽

Tao Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Reproduction Rate ◽

Pain Specialist ◽

Chinese Association ◽

The One ◽

Almost All ◽

Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

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