Pharmacodynamic gene polymorphism and adverse drug reactionsthen applying antipsychotic drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Zastrozhin ◽  
Dmitry A. Sychev ◽  
Elena A. Grishina ◽  
Ludmila M. Savchenko ◽  
Evgeny A. Bryun
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Neuroleptic Syndrome ◽  
Genes Encoding

Application of antipsychotic drugs of both the first and subsequent generations quite often causes adverse side effects, which can reduce the compliance to the treatment of patients, reducing their quality of life. One of the most serious NLRs that occur during the period of application of antipsychotic disorders in patients are extrapyramidal disorders (acute dystonia, dyskinesia), malignant neuroleptic syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. During the year of therapy with the use of antipsychotic drugs of the first generation, signs of late dyskinesia appear in 3 to 5% of patients, and in elderly patients this figure is 5 times higher. The achievement of recent years in medicine is the application of the pharmacogenetic approach for predicting the patient’s individual response to taking the drug. Recent advances in medicine is the practice of pharmacogenetic approach to predict the patient’s individual response to receiving the drug. The pharmacogenetic approach to the prescription of medicines is based on the study of the effect of polymorphism of genes encoding the synthesis of isoenzymes of biotransformation and transport of xenobiotics, as well as the synthesis of elements responsible for the pharmacodynamic component. In this article, we will attempt to describe the main adverse side effects arising from the use of antipsychotic drugs, as well as consider pharmacogenetic aspects of their appearance, to summarize the relevant information currently available. arisingfrom the use of antipsychotic drugs, as well as consider pharmacogenetic aspects of their appearance, to summarize the relevant information currently available.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Acute Treatment With Antipsychotic Drugs on Peripheral Catecholamines

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi N. Boyda ◽  
Amanzo A. Ho ◽  
Lurdes Tse ◽  
Ric M. Procyshyn ◽  
Jessica W. Y. Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antipsychotic drugs represent the most effective treatment for chronic psychotic disorders. The newer second generation drugs offer the advantage of fewer neurological side-effects compared to prior drugs, but many cause serious metabolic side-effects. The underlying physiology of these side-effects is not well-understood, but evidence exists to indicate that the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role. In order to examine this possibility further, we treated separate groups of adult female rats acutely with either the first generation antipsychotic drug haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) or the second generation drugs risperidone (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg), clozapine (2 or 20 mg/kg), olanzapine (3 or 15 mg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected prior to drug and then 30, 60, 120, and 180 mins after treatment. Plasma samples were assayed by HPLC-ED for levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Results confirmed that all antipsychotics increased peripheral catecholamines, although this was drug and dose dependent. For norepinephrine, haloperidol caused the smallest maximum increase (+158%], followed by risperidone (+793%), olanzapine (+952%) and clozapine (+1,684%). A similar pattern was observed for increases in epinephrine levels by haloperidol (+143%], olanzapine (+529%), risperidone (+617%) then clozapine (+806%). Dopamine levels increased moderately with olanzapine [+174%], risperidone [+271%], and clozapine [+430%]. Interestingly, levels of the catecholamines did not correlate strongly with each other prior to treatment at baseline, but were increasingly correlated after treatment as time proceeded. The results demonstrate antipsychotics can potently regulate peripheral catecholamines, in a manner consistent with their metabolic liability.

scholarly journals Extrapyramidal disorders due to the intake of antipsychotics

2000 ◽  
Vol XXXII (3-4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Z. A. Zalyalova ◽  
E. I. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Extrapyramidal Syndrome ◽  
Extrapyramidal Disorders ◽  
Extrapyramidal Syndromes ◽  
Neuroleptic Syndrome ◽  
Stopping Treatment

Among the side effects of taking antipsychotics, the leading place is occupied by extrapyramidal syndromes (ES) - akathisia, acute and tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, syndrome of the "leaning tower of Pisa", "rabbit", acute neuroleptic syndrome. The concept of a neuroleptic threshold assumes the simultaneous development of an antipsychotic effect and the emergence of an extrapyramidal syndrome. It has been proven that most antipsychotics have a limited therapeutic dose corridor, and ES caused by antipsychotics, which reduces the quality of life, occurs in 50-60% of cases and is the main reason for stopping treatment with these drugs [19].

scholarly journals Treatment mechanisms: traditional and new antipsychotic drugs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Treatment Mechanisms ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Efficacy Profile ◽  
Equal Efficacy

The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least equal efficacy to their predecessors, but far fewer side effects. Some data suggest a broader efficacy profile. Clozapine remains the only superior antipsychotic in terms of the magnitude of psychotic symptom reduction. Clinical and animal studies are consistent in suggesting that the antipsychotic component of antidopaminergic treatments is initiated by dopamine receptor blockade in the striatum and that the signal is transmitted to the neocortex through the established basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical neuronal circuits. Other neurotransmitter actions (eg, antiserotonergic) can be exerted locally, in the neocortex. Defining tissue targets of drug action may suggest additional strategies for developing new antipsychotic drugs.

scholarly journals Practical pharmacogenetics for personalized management of glaucoma patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
L. K. Moshetova ◽  
M. M. Soshina ◽  
K. I. Turkina
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Testing ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Personalized Management ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Short Time

At present, taking into account the widespread application of pharmacogenetics’ achievements to all branches of medicine, it has become possible to conduct such research in ophthalmology. At the moment, the studies on the most broadly used glaucoma medications have been carried out. The correlations between patients’ genotypes and the frequency of occurrence of adverse side effects have been found. The further exploration of the pharmacogenetics of the glaucoma medications and the introduction of pharmacogenetic testing will enable ophthalmologists to assign a rational, safe, and effective treatment in the short time, which will considerably improve the quality of provided aid.

scholarly journals Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect on Quality of Life of Second- vs First-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Jones ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Linda Davies ◽  
Graham Dunn ◽  
Helen Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled

P01-365 Safety of second-generation antipsychotics in children-questionnaire evaluation in psychiatrists

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 367-367
Author(s):  
A. Wisniewski ◽  
A. Acewicz ◽  
K. Brewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Youth Population

Atypical antipsychotics are more safe than first generation drugs. But some researchers suggest that children and adolescents might be more sensitive than adults to developing antipsychotic-related adverse side effects. The standards of safety monitoring strategies do not exist in Poland.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate physicians awareness to side effects in youth population treated with antipsychotics.Material20 questionnaires filled up by polish child psychiatrists.MethodInformation from author's questionnaire concerns side effects observed in antipsychotics medicated children, psychiatrists own preferences in safety monitoring strategies were analyzed.ResultsAtypical antipsychotics are used in 25% of medicated children. Risperidon is the most popular antipsychotic in psychotic and non-psychotic indications (81%, 66%), afterwards olanzapine (54%, 30%) and quetiapine (34%, 24%). The most common indications for antipsychotics in children are: tics (55%), conduct disorders (53%) and schizophrenia (45%). Before drug initiation doctors check liver enzymes (GOT, GTP) (98%), hematology (98%), glucose level (95%), weight and height (91%), ECG (90%). The most common side effects observed are: weigh gain (63%), somnolence (59%), prolactin elevation (47%), attention deficits (43%).ConclusionIn spite of lack of safety monitoring standards in youth population psychiatrists seem to be aware and careful in atypical neurolpetic treatment in children.

Oral chemotherapy follow up on a Brazilian private health care unit.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18311-e18311
Author(s):  
Mauro Zukin ◽  
Marcos Coelho Simões Travassos Soares ◽  
Nathalia Fonseca Gamboa ◽  
Fabiano Hosken Pombo ◽  
Lucyana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Adherence Behavior ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Health Care Unit ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
Dispensing Errors

e18311 Background: Oral antineoplastic therapy is a growing reality, and ensures greater comfort and better quality of life for patients. However, this modality of treatment requires greater attention of the professionals to avoid dispensing errors and to guarantee adherence to the treatment. The goal of this study is to present a method to follow up cancer patients to reduce percentage of problems related to medication and improve oral antineoplastic adherence. Methods: The study was conducted at a private oncology clinic in Rio de Janeiro during the year 2018. In the first dispensation, patients received verbal and written pharmaceutical advice on posology, proper storage, safe handling requirements and strategies to avoid adverse side effects and food and drugs interactions. There were also given nutrition, sexuality, rights and duties guidelines. To improve adherence and to avoid forgetfulness or duplicity of dosing, patients received a medication calendar. Pharmacist made dispensing, managed adverse side effects and assessed adherence of patient using a model based on Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Patients that answered "yes" to any questions were considered non-adherents. All information was registered in medical record. Non-compliances were considered: wrong medicine, incorrect dose and delays of any administrative reason. Results: In 2018, on average 1487 dispensings were made and 1053 patients’ adherence behavior were measured. 94.37% were considered adherent. Monthly percentage of non-compliance was 1.5% of dispensings. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that with education and pharmaceutical follow-up since the first dispensation, it is possible to guarantee a safer and more effective treatment for patients using oral cancer medication. It is imperative to maintain the objective of developing better techniques for dispensing, guiding and guaranteeing high adherence.

scholarly journals Understanding the Effects of Antipsychotics on Appetite Control

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayani Mukherjee ◽  
Silje Skrede ◽  
Edward Milbank ◽  
Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina ◽  
Miguel López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Increased Risk

Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) represent a cornerstone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses. The effectiveness of the first generation (typical) APDs are hampered by so-called extrapyramidal side effects, and they have gradually been replaced by second (atypical) and third-generation APDs, with less extrapyramidal side effects and, in some cases, improved efficacy. However, the use of many of the current APDs has been limited due to their propensity to stimulate appetite, weight gain, and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this patient group. The mechanisms behind the appetite-stimulating effects of the various APDs are not fully elucidated, partly because their diverse receptor binding profiles may affect different downstream pathways. It is critical to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced hyperphagia, both because this may lead to the development of new APDs, with lower appetite-stimulating effects but also because such insight may provide new knowledge about appetite regulation in general. Hence, in this review, we discuss the receptor binding profile of various APDs in relation to the potential mechanisms by which they affect appetite.

scholarly journals TARC: Turkish aripiprazole consensus report- Aripiprazole use and switching from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole- consensus recommendations by a Turkish multidisciplinary panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Baybars Veznedaroglu ◽  
Nesrin Dilbaz ◽  
Ozcan Uzun ◽  
Erdal Isik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Consensus Report

In this review, we have attempted to share our 10 years’ clinical experience with aripiprazole use and switching from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole. There are various reasons for switching, including a partial or complete lack of efficacy, adverse side effects, and partial or noncompliance with medication. Aripiprazole has some unique receptor-binding qualities that provides some advantages over other antipsychotics in certain clinical situations. We have covered potential clinical scenarios for aripiprazole use as a single agent and switching from other agents in inpatient and outpatient settings. Patients switched from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole have been shown to benefit from significant improvements in clinical response and tolerability. This review examines the strategies for switching patients from antipsychotic drugs to aripiprazole.

UNDERSTANDING THE ADVERSE SIDE-EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS WITH THE USE OF A PRECLINICAL MODEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Heidi N. Boyda ◽  
Ric M. Procyshyn ◽  
Lurdes Tse ◽  
Daniel M. Wong ◽  
Angela Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Adverse Side Effects
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document