scholarly journals In memory of the great surgeon-Harvey Williams Cushing

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Anna G. Saribekian ◽  
Nano V. Pachuashvili
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
American Association ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Young Doctor ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
The World

Harvey Cushing is one of the greatest surgeons of the early 20th century. The young doctor was trained in the best medical universities; parents, teachers and colleagues always noted his thirst for knowledge. Cushing opened a new page in the study of neurosurgery, endocrinology, anesthesiology, and neurology. Thanks to the improvement of surgical techniques, the great doctor has achieved a reduction in mortality in surgical interventions, and new diagnostic methods have given life to more than one person. Cushing’s versatility amazed his contemporaries and still surprises the world. His books won the Pulitzer prize, one of the most prestigious literary prizes, he was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel prize, and the American Association of neurosurgeons is named in honor of the greatest doctor.

The AAUIA From 1916–1920: How The AAUIA Contributed to the Early Developments of Accounting Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Emily K. Hornok ◽  
Dale L. Flesher
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
American Association ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
University Instructors

ABSTRACT This paper explores how the formation of the American Association of University Instructors in Accounting (AAUIA, the predecessor of the American Accounting Association) and its efforts toward achieving its original objectives provided initial solutions to a variety of interrelated problems facing both the accounting profession and accounting educators. In the early 20th century, the accounting profession saw an increase in demand for accountants trained in attest, tax, and advisory services, but the accounting educators were unable to meet this demand because the accounting curricula that existed at the time suffered from multiple problems. Our paper examines the “Papers and Proceedings” of the first five annual meetings of the AAUIA to gain insights about how the formation of the AAUIA contributed to early developments in accounting education. These developments would allow the educators to better train accountants, which, in turn, would help advance the accounting profession.

11. Is Marx still relevant?

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Proletarian Revolution

By the early 20th century, Marxism was the dominant ideology of the left, especially in Europe. Marxism spread significantly around the world after the two world wars, but Marx’s prominence went into abrupt decline in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has been the most significant avowedly Marxist country. ‘Is Marx still relevant?’ considers whether Marx’s views are still relevant when dealing with worldwide inequality, global financial crises, the age of globalization, and climate change. It concludes that Marx’s ideas about the role that economic interests play in our intellectual and political lives will remain relevant, but that his prediction of the inevitability of a proletarian revolution will not.

scholarly journals Limites do mando, limites do mundo: a relação entre identidades de gênero e identidades espaciais no nordeste do começo do século

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durval Muniz De ALBUQUERQUE JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Male Group ◽  
The World

Este texto examina a relação entre as mudanças históricas na sociedade tradicional do engenho, no nordeste brasileiro, no começo do século XX, e a alteração nas percepções espaciais que se expressam em uma série de metáforas que emergem tanto no discurso memorialístico, como no discurso literário produzido por homens ligados a esta elite em declínio social e econômico. Estes textos falam do encurtamento do mundo, de sufocamentos, de limites cada vez mais rigorosos para a vida dos homens. Parece haver uma relação entre mudanças espaciais e mudanças nos códigos sociais e de gênero, à medida que o mesmo mundo que parece vir se encurtando para os homens, parece vir se alargando para as mulheres. Os homens se sentem cada vez mais presos e falam que as mulheres estão cava vez mais à solta. Os espaços que emergem com a sociedade urbana e industrial, espaços disciplinares, ao mesmo tempo em que aparecem nestes discursos como limitadores da vida dos homens, surgem como espaços de libertação das mulheres e de inversão perigosa das relações tradicionais de gênero. Numa sociedade que estaria se feminilizando, os homens estariam cada vez mais sem espaço. Abstract This paper concerns the historical and social changes the tradicional sugar mil society faced in the northeast of Brazil in the early 20th century, and the changes in the space perceptions expressed through a number of metaphors which occur both in memoirs or literary discourses used by the male group from the decadent elite. Those discourses speak about the curbing of the world to men, the suffocation feeling caused by stricter limits and places arising from an urban industrial society symbolized by the mills. These texts also refer to the shortening of male spaces related to a dangerous widening of female spaces. The same institutional and disciplinary spaces that mean imprisonment for men mean freedom to womem. These male discourses combine what is call ed a feminization society and consequent broadening of female boundaries and the reduction of spaces for the men who then face the limitions in their command and in their world.

Readymade Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Evely Gildersleeve ◽  
Kelly W. Guyotte
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Artist

Neither inside, nor outside. Between art and non-art. Visual artist, Marcel Duchamp’s readymade art installations of the early 20th century mapped a space of between-ness, of liminality, through previously drawn boundaries in the art world. In this article, we put forth readymade methodology as a liminal approach to (post)qualitative research. Drawing from Duchamp’s readymade art installations, we situate dominant methodological practices as collections of ready-made techniques and technologies for interpreting the world (research as instrumentation); such processes, we argue, are distinct from readymade inquiry (research as immanent and multiplicitous). Readymade methodology disorients knowings and illustrates lines of flight produced from inversions of taken-for-granted technical application of research methods. In this article, we think methodology differently, not limiting ourselves to the constraints/comforts of conventional qualitative methodology. Just as Duchamp interrogated the in-between of art and everyday life, readymade methodology flourishes in/with the potentiality of twisted liminal spaces in (post)qualitative inquiry.

scholarly journals The secular prophet of religious socialism

Tempo Social ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Michael Löwy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Dynamic Tension ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Desperate Attempt

There exists a German-Jewish cultural discourse from the early 20th century that stands in dynamic tension between spiritual and material, sacred and secular, beyond the usual static dichotomies. Several key Jewish thinkers have sought to recover spiritual meaning, in direct interaction with the profane. Under different ways they developed a process of simultaneous secularization and sacralization, in a sort of “dialectic” combination of both. The first common characteristic of these authors is their deep attachment to the German romantic culture, with its ambivalence towards modernity, and its desperate attempt at re-enchanting the world through a return to past spiritual forms. This article will demonstrate these relationships through the work of young Eric Fromm.

scholarly journals Government-Voluntary Sector Compacts Reconsidered

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rathgeb Smith
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractAs the articles in this special issue demonstrate, the emergence of government-voluntary sector compacts around the world is intimately linked to comprehensive transformations the welfare state is undergoing in many countries. The fact that the first compact was developed in England is significant; since the early 20th century, the development of the welfare state in many societies has been significantly influenced by the ideas coming from policymakers, scholars and advocates in the United Kingdom.

Clinical research in surgical oncology: An analysis of clinicaltrials.gov.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber S Menezes ◽  
Alison Barnes ◽  
Adena S Scheer ◽  
Husein Moloo ◽  
Robin P Boushey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies

591 Background: The conduction of randomized clinical trials has expanded in medical specialties, but to a far lesser degree in surgery. This is due to design challenges with standardization of treatment, blinding and lack of surgeon equipoise. The objective of this study was to assess the current landscape of clinical trials in surgical oncology registered at clinicaltrials.gov. Methods: Data was extracted from clinicaltrials.gov using the following search engine criteria: ‘Cancer’ as Condition, ‘Surgery OR Operation OR Resection’ as Intervention, and Non-Industry sponsored. The search was limited to Canada and the United States and included trials registered from January 1, 2001 to January 1, 2011. The search was performed on March 23, 2011 by three investigators in parallel. The total number of oncology trials was also obtained. Results: Of 9990 oncology trials, 1049 (10.5%) included any type of surgical intervention. Of these trials, 125 (11.9%; 1.3% of all oncology trials) manipulated a surgical variable, 773 (73.7%) assessed adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapies, and 151 (14.4%) were observational studies. Trials assessing adjuvant therapies focused on systemic treatment (362 trials, 46.8%) and multimodal therapy (129 trials, 16.7%). Of the 125 trials where surgery was the manipulated variable, 59 trials (47.2%) focused on surgical techniques (including minimally invasive) or devices, 45 trials (36.0%) studied invasive diagnostic methods, and 21 trials (16.8%) evaluated surgery vs. no surgery. The majority of the 125 trials were non- randomized (72, 57.6%), and Phase III trials accounted for less than one-quarter (29, 23.2%). Conclusions: The number of registered surgical oncology trials is small in comparison to oncology trials as a whole. Clinical trials specifically designed to assess surgical interventions are vastly outnumbered by trials focusing on adjuvant therapies, and are frequently non-randomized. Randomized surgical oncology trials account for <1% of all registered cancer trials. Barriers to the design and implementation of randomized trials in surgical oncology need to be clarified to facilitate higher-level evidence in surgical decision making.

The Establishment of Zhongshan Park and its Connotation of Cultural De-Colonization

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3469-3472
Author(s):  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Su Bin Xu ◽  
Tian Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The World

De-colonization is an integrated part of modernization of the process of the 20th century in the world. It can be understood as a process which embodies two parallel movements-the colonized people’s struggle for independence and the colonial metropolitan country’s reaction. This paper takes the Zhongshan Park (formal Quanye Expo) in Tianjin’s Chinese settlements as a specific case and investigates the interplay between native culture and colonial culture in the park building process. Through investigating the Chinese Municipal Parks, the paper elucidates the conflicts between colonialism and nationalism contextualized in Sino-West cultural encounters, and reveals the Chinese efforts for cultural de-colonization in early 20th century.

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