scholarly journals Thyroid function in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
S. V. Lesnikova ◽  
G. A. Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Additional Risk

The study whose purpose was to examine the time course of changes in the function of thyroid gland (TG) in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency enrolled 218 females in different periods of pregnancy in accordance with the following criteria: the absence of dysfunction (of TG). In 128 patients of them, baseline TG pathology was absent; 90 patients were found to have these or those types of euthyroid goiter. Some women received iodine preventive therapy (150-200 mcg of potassium iodide daily) on an individual basis. Comparison of the levels of TTH and T4 in women receiving and no receiving iodine preventive therapy revealed that by the end of pregnancy, those receiving 150-200 pg of potassium iodide had significantly lower TTN levels and higher T4 levels. Comparing the time course of changes in the volume of TG between these groups showed that they did not increase to a significantly greater extent in the females receiving no iodine preventive therapy. Whether potassium iodide was used, there were no changes in the size of TG nodal masses during pregnancy. In the control group, active smokers were fewer than those in the goiter group (p = 0.035). Six-ten months after labor, the volume of TG further increased in the females without iodine preventive therapy group while that substantially decreased in those receiving 150-200 pg of iodine daily. It is concluded that pregnancy in the presence of mild iodine deficiency is accompanied by a higher risk of the development and progression of goiter, and by a risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia, which is prevented by an individual iodine preventive therapy with 150-200 pg of potassium iodide daily. Furthermore, pregnancy is not accompanied by a risk of increases in the size of nodal euthyroid colloid goiter that does not itself entail an additional risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency and goitre during pregnancy in east Hungary

2000 ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Mezosi ◽  
I Molnar ◽  
A Jakab ◽  
E Balogh ◽  
Z Karanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nodular Goitre

OBJECTIVE: To assess the iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of goitre during pregnancy in a region of Hungary that appeared to be iodine sufficient in previous studies. DESIGN: A cross-sectional voluntary screening study was organized in which 313 pregnant women participated. METHODS: Urine iodine concentration and the volume of the thyroid gland were measured in every woman. In the presence of low urinary iodine concentrations, goitre, or both, thyroid function tests were performed. RESULTS: Iodine deficiency was found in 57.1% of the pregnant women, and was severe in 15.6%. The volume of the thyroid gland was enlarged in 19.2% of individuals. Nodular goitre was found in 17 women (5.4%). The frequency of goitre and the mean thyroid volume were increased in the group of iodine-deficient women. In the 89 cases of iodine deficiency or goitre, thyrotrophin concentrations were in the normal range; however, the free triiodothyronine:free throxine ratio was increased in 97% of them, indicating that the thyroid gland was in a stimulated state in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine deficiency with high prevalence of goitre was recognized among pregnant women in an area that previously appeared to be iodine sufficient. An unexpected mild iodine deficiency was also noted in the non-pregnant control group. Reassessment and continuous monitoring of iodine nutritional status is warranted even in populations that are apparently considered to be 'at no risk' of iodine deficiency, especially in pregnant women. Regular administration of iodine, starting at preconception or in early pregnancy and continuing during the period of nursing, is recommended in these regions.

scholarly journals Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ohida Sultanaa ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Farzana Mahmudad ◽  
Tazdik G Chowdhurye
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

scholarly journals Moderate Iodine Deficiency Is Common in Pregnancy but Does Not Alter Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Schiller ◽  
Arnon Agmon ◽  
Viviana Ostrovsky ◽  
Gabi Shefer ◽  
Hilla Knobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Neonatal Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

IntroductionAn Israeli national survey found that 85% of pregnant women had urinary iodine content (UIC) levels below the adequacy range (&lt;150 µg/L). Widespread desalinated water usage and no national fortification plan are possible causes. Studies assessing relationships between iodine status and maternal and neonatal thyroid function provided varying results. Our aims were to determine whether iodine deficiency was associated with altered maternal or neonatal thyroid function and the factors leading to iodine deficiency.MethodsA cross-sectional study including 100 healthy women without prior thyroid disease, in their first trimester of a singleton pregnancy were recruited from an HMO clinic in central Israel. The women were followed from their first trimester. All women completed a 24-h dietary recall and life habits questionnaires. We tested for UIC, maternal and neonatal thyroid function, maternal autoantibodies, and neonatal outcomes.ResultsMedian UIC in our cohort was 49 µg/L [25%–75% interquartile range (IQR) 16-91.5 µg/L], with 84% below adequacy range. No correlation was found between iodine deficiency and maternal or neonatal thyroid function which remained within normal ranges. Antibody status did not differ, but thyroglobulin levels were significantly higher in iodine insufficient subjects. UIC was higher in women consuming an iodine containing supplement. There was no association between UIC and dietary iodine content or water source.ConclusionsModerate iodine deficiency is common in our healthy pregnant women population. Our data imply that moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy seem sufficient to maintain normal maternal and neonatal thyroid function.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women in a Private Clinical Practice in Northwestern Sydney before Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Blumenthal ◽  
Karen Byth ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim. The primary objective of the study was to assess the iodine nutritional status, and its effect on thyroid function, of pregnant women in a private obstetrical practice in Sydney.Methods. It was a cross-sectional study undertaken between November 2007 and March 2009. Blood samples were taken from 367 women at their first antenatal visit between 7 and 11 weeks gestation for measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and spot urine samples for urinary iodine excretion were taken at the same time as blood collection.Results. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for all women was 81 μg/l (interquartile range 41–169 μg/l). 71.9% of the women exhibited a UIC of <150 μg/l. 26% of the women had a UIC <50 μg/l, and 12% had a UIC <20 μg/l. The only detectable influences on UIC were daily milk intake and pregnancy supplements. There was no statistically significant association between UIC and thyroid function and no evidence for an effect of iodine intake on thyroid function.Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of mild to moderate iodine deficiency in women in Western Sydney but no evidence for a significant adverse effect on thyroid function. The 6.5% prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is unlikely to be due to iodine deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency

1998 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Reinhardt ◽  
M Luster ◽  
KH Rudorff ◽  
C Heckmann ◽  
S Petrasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Doses

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have suggested that iodine may influence thyroid hormone status, and perhaps antibody production, in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. To date, studies have been carried out using large amounts of iodine. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function and thyroid antibody levels in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who were living in an area of mild dietary iodine deficiency. METHODS: Forty patients who tested positive for anti-thyroid (TPO) antibodies or with a moderate to severe hypoechogenic pattern on ultrasound received 250 microg potassium iodide daily for 4 months (range 2-13 months). An additional 43 patients positive for TPO antibodies or with hypoechogenicity on ultrasound served as a control group. All patients were TBII negative. RESULTS: Seven patients in the iodine-treated group developed subclinical hypothyroidism and one patient became hypothyroid. Three of the seven who were subclinically hypothyroid became euthyroid again when iodine treatment was stopped. One patient developed hyperthyroidism with a concomitant increase in TBII titre to 17 U/l, but after iodine withdrawal this patient became euthyroid again. Only one patient in the control group developed subclinical hypothyroidism during the same time period. All nine patients who developed thyroid dysfunction had reduced echogenicity on ultrasound. Four of the eight patients who developed subclinical hypothyroidism had TSH concentrations greater than 3 mU/l. In 32 patients in the iodine-treated group and 42 in the control group, no significant changes in thyroid function, antibody titres or thyroid volume were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of supplementary iodine (250 microg) cause slight but significant changes in thyroid hormone function in predisposed individuals.

Chronic levothyroxine and acute T3 treatments enhance the amplitude and time course of uterine contractions in human

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (5) ◽  
pp. E478-E485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Corriveau ◽  
Jean-Charles Pasquier ◽  
Simon Blouin ◽  
Diego Bellabarba ◽  
Éric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Reduced Frequency

This study compares the functional consequences of levothyroxine (T4) treatment during pregnancy as well as the acute affects of triiodothyronine (T3) on spontaneous uterine contractile activities observed in vitro. Uterine biopsies were obtained from consenting women undergoing elective caesarean at term ( n = 28). Spontaneous contractile activities from T4-treated pregnant women ( n = 8) were compared with control patients ( n = 20) by isometric tension measurements. Effects of acute T3 and T4 on control tissues were also monitored. Area under the curve, amplitude, time to peak, duration, and frequency were quantified. In uterine strips from women treated for hypothyroidism, phasic uterine contractions of larger amplitude (+77%) were observed, with a prolonged duration at 90% relaxation (+138%) and reduced frequency (−55%) compared with values of the control group. The addition of exogenous T3 in vitro on control strips induced a significant increase in the duration of the contractions and a significant decrease in frequency ( P < 0.05), which partially mimics the results obtained in strips from T4-treated women. Significant modifications of contractile properties were observed in strips from pregnant women treated with levothyroxine, consistent with those observed with the addition of exogenous T3. Clinical practices of modern obstetrics should take into account the effect of thyroid hormones on uterine contractions' time course to ensure a tighter followup at the end of pregnancy to achieve safer delivery.

Thyroid function, metabolic indices and growth performance in pigs fed 00-rapeseed meal

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Svetina ◽  
I. Jerković ◽  
Ljiljana Vrabac ◽  
S. Ćurić
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Indices ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Thyroid function and morphology, liver morphology, some metabolic indices, haematological parameters and growth performance of fattening pigs fed 00-rapeseed meal (00-RPM) were examined. The control group was fed on a standard diet containing 6% sunflower seed meal (SM) during the growing period and 8% during the finishing period. The first experimental group was fed a diet in which SM was replaced by equal (6% and 8%) amounts of 00-RPM. The second experimental group was fed with a higher (8% and 10%) amount of 00-RPM. There were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid gland and liver weights were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in both groups fed 00-RPM than in the group fed SM. The epithelium of the thyroid gland was cuboidal or columnar and the follicular area was moderately enlarged in pigs fed 00-RPM. Marked changes in liver histology were not observed. The 00-RPM diet increased (P < 0.01) the serum values of total proteins in the first fattening period. At the end of fattening both groups fed 00-RPM had higher (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) concentrations of plasma glucose than the control group. The inclusion of 10% of 00-RPM during the finishing period increased (P < 0.05) the serum values of insulin. Daily weight gain during the growing and the finishing period was higher (P < 0.05) in the experimental groups than in the control group. The results suggest that 6-10% 00-RPM can be used as a protein source in the diet of fattening pigs without poisonous side effects.

scholarly journals Complications of the Early Neonatal Period in Children from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Agamurad Orazmuradov ◽  
Irina Bekbaeva ◽  
Gayane Arakelyan ◽  
Anastasia Minaeva ◽  
Anastasiya Akhmatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Functional Immaturity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Changes in the course of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the present stage determine the emergence of a certain spectrum of completely new problems associated with the health status of newborns from mothers with GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate early neonatal complications in newborns from mothers with GDM. Methods and Results: The study included 404 pregnant women (gestational age of 37.0–41.0 weeks) with GDM. All patients with GDM were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 188 patients receiving insulin therapy; Group 2 included 216 patients receiving a well-balanced diet. The control group (Group 3) consisted of 68 pregnant women without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In Group 1, macrosomia occurred in 44(23.4%) newborns, in Group 2 - in 48(22.0%) newborns; in newborns from mothers of the control group, the frequency of macrosomia was only in 7.35% of newborns (P=0.01). Morpho-functional immaturity of newborns had the highest frequency of occurrence, despite the fact that all children were born on time; 80(42.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 1 and 77(35.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 2 had signs of morpho-functional immaturity. Conclusion: Diabetic fetopathy in newborns from mothers with GDM is manifested by morpho-functional immaturity of organs and systems developing in unfavorable hyperglycemic conditions.

scholarly journals HYPOTHYROIDISM AND GOITER IN A YOUNG MALE WITH SUSPECTED DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY FOLLOWED BY THYROTOXICOSIS AFTER IODINE SUPPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e22
Author(s):  
Itivrita Goyal ◽  
Manu Raj Pandey ◽  
Rajeev Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Function Tests

Objective: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) remain a major public health concern in most parts of the world but are extremely rare in North America. We describe a case of goiter in a young male with dietary history and findings suggestive of IDD. Methods: Laboratory and imaging procedures including thyroid function tests, autoantibodies, urine iodine, thyroid ultrasound, and radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake scan were performed. Results: On initial presentation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was 24.4 mIU/L (normal range is 0.4 to 5.0 mIU/L), free thyroxine was <0.4 ng/dL (normal range is 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL), and thyroid peroxidase antibody was positive at 43 IU/mL (normal range is <35 IU/mL). He reported consuming strawberries and peanut butter sandwiches with no intake of dairy or seafood due to gastrointestinal issues (abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea). Physical exam revealed a diffusely enlarged, palpable thyroid gland (grade II goiter). Ultrasound of the neck showed an enlarged thyroid gland with no nodules. RAI uptake scan showed diffuse increased uptake (91%). Given his poor diet, a 24-hour urinary iodine excretion test was ordered which was suggestive of very low iodine intake. He was started on multivitamins with 150 μg of iodine daily. On follow up, clinical exam showed grade I goiter and TSH had normalized to 0.7 mIU/L and free thyroxine was 1.2 ng/dL. He continued on iodine supplementation and tolerated iodine-rich foods. Six months later, thyroid function tests showed hyperthyroidism with TSH of <0.002 ng/dL and free thyroxine was elevated to 2.8 ng/dL. Iodine supplements were stopped. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism and goiter due to IDD should be suspected in the setting of poor dietary intake. IDDs can be rapidly diagnosed in a patient on a restricted diet with multiple urinary iodine determinations and RAI study. Regular thyroid labs should be done to monitor for hyperthyroidism that can develop after iodine supplementation.

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