scholarly journals Effect of adrenaline and corticosterone on uptake and distribution atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins in the myocardium

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
L. E. Panin ◽  
V. F. Maksimov ◽  
A. R. Kolpakov ◽  
I. M. Korostyshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Contracting Heart ◽  
Capillary Walls

An electron microscopic study of a model of the rat contracting heart perfused by the Langendorf procedure has indicated the myo¬cardial effects of epinephrine, corticosterone, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and revealed a role of hormones in the uptake and intercellular distribution of colloidal gold-labeled lipoproteins. Epinephrine enhanced LDL dis¬solution onto the endothelial surface, by slowing down their myocardial penetration, but failed to affect the penetration and distribution of labeled HDL that did not leave the capillary walls. Corticosterone drastically increased receptor-mediated absorption of HDL by the capillary endothelium and ensured their penetration into the interstitial macrophages, but it did not affect the myocardial pene¬tration of labeled LDL. In all experiments, corticosterone caused the lowered content of glycogen in the myocardial cells, sarcoplasmic sequestration of its residues and their interstitial release. Epinephrine and corticosterone differently affect the myocardial penetration and distribution of atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins. Under stress, it ensures mobilization of different metabolic pathways for myocardial energy supply.

Synovial Microvasculature in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
Joyce Lounberg ◽  
Robert A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Juvenile Form ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

Several authors have placed special emphasis on the role of small vessel vasculitis in the pathogenesis of early synovial lesions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1,2). Electron microscopic studies of the adult form of RA report changes in the synovial fine vessels which include: thickening of the capillary endothelium sometimes to the point of occlusion (3,4), increased numbers of cytoplasmic processes on the lumenal endothelial surface, and widening of the intra-endothelial cell spaces in arterioles and venules (3). We have compared these findings in adult RA with 17 synovial biopsies from 15 patients with the juvenile form of RA including one patient with congenital agammaglobulinemia. Biopsies from eight patients with non-arthritic joint disease were examined as controls. All tissues were fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in Veronal-acetate buffer (pH 7. 3-7.4). for 2 hours at 0-4° C and embedded in Vestopal W. Sections were cut with glass knives on an LKB or a Sorvall MT 2 microtome and examined in a Philips 200 or RCA 3D microscope.

Morphometric SEM study of the effects of ACTH on endothelial fenestrae in the rat adrenal cortex

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
J. Curtis ◽  
K. S. Schwartz ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was made of the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the size and numbers of fenestrae/unit area in the capillary endothelium of the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the rat adrenal. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cholesterol uptake via high density lipoproteins in the rat and evidence for the secretion of glucocorticoids by exocytosis of lipid droplets described by Rhodin suggest that endothelial change may accompany these transport phenomena.Twelve rats received two Dexamethasone (DEX) ip injections (25 μg DEX/100 g body wt.), the first at 8 PM and the second at 8 AM the next day, to inhibit the release of endogenous ACTH by the anterior pituitary. The animals were then divided into two groups. Six animals received only saline vehicle and six rats received ACTH (100 ng/100 g body wt.).

Stannous fluoride treatment of acid-etched caries-like lesions of enamel: A scanning electron microscopic study

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks ◽  
Leon M. Silverstone ◽  
David G. Gantt ◽  
Catherine M. Flaitz
Keyword(s):  
Acid Etching ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Stannous Fluoride ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Intact Surface ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Although fluoride levels become elevated in sound enamel following a topical fluoride treatment, the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is thought to be due primarily to the role of fluoride in remineralization of clinically undetectable enamel lesions and hypomineralized enamel. During lesion formation, redistribution of fluoride from the enamel surface to the subsurface demineralized enamel occurs. This results in a surface zone with a relatively low fluoride content. In order to maintain an intact surface zone over a carious lesion, it may be necessary to replenish the fluoride levels with an exogenous fluoride source. By acid-etching the lesion surface, a more reactive surface is made available for fluoride interaction. In addition, porosities and etching patterns may be created, allowing for bonding of a caries-resistant resin material to the lesion surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the integrity of the caries-like lesion surface following acid-etching and subsequent stannous fluoride treatment (SnF2).

Scanning electron microscopic study of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular compartmentalization in the chick embryo tendon

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Grace C.H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

The size and organization of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix is an important determinant of tissue structure and function. The synthesis and deposition of collagen involves multiple steps which begin within the cell and continue in the extracellular space. High-voltage electron microscopic studies of the chick embryo cornea and tendon suggested that the extracellular space is compartmentalized by the fibroblasts for the regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and tissue specific macroaggregate formation. The purpose of this study is to gather direct evidence regarding the association of the fibroblast cell surface with newly formed collagen fibrils, and to define the role of the fibroblast in the control and the precise positioning of collagen fibrils, bundles, and macroaggregates during chick tendon development.

scholarly journals Importance of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II Composition in HDL and Its Potential for Studying COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Potent Antiviral Activity ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Putative Role

The composition and properties of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) might be critical to SARS-CoV-2 infection via SR-BI and antiviral activity against COVID-19. HDL containing native apoA-I showed potent antiviral activity, while HDL containing glycated apoA-I or other apolipoproteins did not. However, there has been no report to elucidate the putative role of apoA-II in the antiviral activity of HDL.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Is Aggravated by Glycated Lipoproteins; Novel Molecular Therapies

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Laura Toma ◽  
Camelia Sorina Stancu ◽  
Anca Volumnia Sima
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Molecular Therapies ◽  
Specific Receptors

Diabetes and its vascular complications affect an increasing number of people. This disease of epidemic proportion nowadays involves abnormalities of large and small blood vessels, all commencing with alterations of the endothelial cell (EC) functions. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death and disability among diabetic patients. In diabetes, EC dysfunction (ECD) is induced by the pathological increase of glucose and by the appearance of advanced glycation end products (AGE) attached to the plasma proteins, including lipoproteins. AGE proteins interact with their specific receptors on EC plasma membrane promoting activation of signaling pathways, resulting in decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, increased intracellular oxidative and inflammatory stress, causing dysfunction and finally apoptosis of EC. Irreversibly glycated lipoproteins (AGE-Lp) were proven to have an important role in accelerating atherosclerosis in diabetes. The aim of the present review is to present up-to-date information connecting hyperglycemia, ECD and two classes of glycated Lp, glycated low-density lipoproteins and glycated high-density lipoproteins, which contribute to the aggravation of diabetes complications. We will highlight the role of dyslipidemia, oxidative and inflammatory stress and epigenetic risk factors, along with the specific mechanisms connecting them, as well as the new promising therapies to alleviate ECD in diabetes.

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

scholarly journals The Role of Cell Metabolism in Innate Immune Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anaisa Valido Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés ◽  
Mihai Gheorghe Netea
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Health And Disease

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined <i>trained immunity</i> or <i>innate immune memory</i>, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.

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