scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans and diabetic nephropathy

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
I. A. Bondar' ◽  
V. V. Klimontov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading places in the structure of mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Russia and abroad. Despite intensive study, the causes and development mechanisms of this complication are not finally clear. Most often, diabetic kidney damage is seen as the result of a complex interaction of metabolic, hemodynamic, genetic and other mechanisms. At the same time, the majority of researchers give the leading role to hyperglycemia and the metabolic disorders triggered by it. The latter include intensification of non-enzymatic glycation processes, activation of protein kinase C and polyol shunt, oxidative and carbonyl stress, hyperlipidemia, an imbalance of transcription factors and cytokines, and collagen metabolic disturbances. The role of these factors in the formation of DN has been reflected in a number of recent reviews.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: achievements, unresolved problems, and prospects for therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova ◽  
Minara Shamkhalovna Shamkhalova ◽  
Ivona Yanovna Yarek-Martynova ◽  
Inna Igorevna Klefortova ◽  
Olga Yur'evna Sukhareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Combined Action

The dramatic increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal disease (CRD) in the recent years emphasizes the closeassociation between the two conditions and the leading role of DM in the development of renal pathology. Diabetology and nephrology are highly costlybranches of public health, and the burden of substitution renal therapy in DM patients continues to grow. The necessity of a renoprotection programat the early stages of DM for the prevention or delay of terminal renal insufficiency becomes increasingly clear. Such program should be based on theconceptual model of the evolvement of diabetic nephropathy as a consequence of combined action of metabolic and hemodynamic factors modulatedby genetic ones.

scholarly journals Dysmetabolic mechanisms of preeclampsia development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
I. S. Lipatov ◽  
Yu. V. Tezikov ◽  
A. R. Azamatov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Group I

Background: An in-depth study of dismetabolic mechanisms in the genesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) has been updated because pregnancy is considered as a natural model of metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as the metabolic disorders are important in development of essential hypertension.Aims: to reveal clinical and laboratory parallels in pregnancy complicated by PE without MS and pregnancy proceeding on the background of MS to assess the role of metabolic disturbances in the development of PE.Materials and methods: 82 women with MS were examined in the dynamics of pregnancy and were divided into 2 groups depending on the implementation of PE: group I consisted of 50 women with PE on the background of MS, group II 32 women with MS without PE. We formed group III consisting of 44 pregnant women with PE without accompanying diseases to assess the pathogenetic value of metabolic disorders in the development of PE. The IV (control) group consisted of 30 healthy women with physiological pregnancy. Metabolic, hematological parameters, hormones, markers of the proinflammatory state, endothelial hemostasiological dysfunction, decidualization and placental angiogenesis, accumulation dynamics and distribution loci of adipose tissue were determined in all pregnant women.Results: In the groups of pregnant women with PE, changes similar to MS were revealed: pronounced diabetic and atherogenic disorders with the development of pathological insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and leptinemia, endothelial-platelet link hyperactivation, thrombotic and inflammatory status, visceral type of fat deposition, hyperuricemia, hypersympathicotonia. It is proved that in the hierarchy of mechanisms of PE formation, placental dysfunction is a secondary alteration factor, which additionally potentiates the insulin resistance increase and the effects of structural and functional destabilization of the vascular endothelium.Conclusions: The direction of metabolic changes during pregnancy, the common development of PE and MS indicate the important role of dismetabolic mechanisms in the formation of PE.

scholarly journals Role of Protein Kinase C in Podocytes and Development of Glomerular Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beina Teng ◽  
Michelle Duong ◽  
Irini Tossidou ◽  
Xuejiao Yu ◽  
Mario Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Glomerular Damage

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MOTIVATIONAL-SEMANTIC SPHERE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
I. Burovska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Psychological Studies

The article is devoted to the study of the motivational and semantic sphere for patients with diabetes mellitus. Description of the patients’ main directions of the psychological features are distinguished. This study aims to explorer the formation of a hierarchical system of values, attitudes, experiences and motives of this category of patients. Different approaches in the study of this problem were noted, which point to the great possibilities of prevention in the process of rehabilitation in a given subject. The leading role of psychosocial factors of impairment of their mental adaptation and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus is determined. Conducting theoretical analysis of modern psychological studies of the motivational and semantic sphere in patients with diabetes makes it possible to identify and analyze the main directions of rehabilitation of this category of persons, to outline the main motivational components of the disease and their relationship with the semantic sphere of each particular person. The peculiarities of the motivational and semantic sphere of persons with diabetes mellitus are described. The relationship between the motivational and intellectual sphere of personality and its influence on the formation of motives are considered. The importance of life-building and the desire to adapt to a particular way of life, to increase its qualitative characteristics and social significance, to take into account the psychological characteristics of patients, are outlined. A detailed examination of the two structural components of this study (which is one of the key tasks of this topic) allows us to more closely combine them into a single entity that forms the life-orienting purposes of patients with diabetes, and draws attention to the dynamics of motivational processes that occur in individuals during the period the course of the disease and the possibility of correction of these processes. The prospects of further researches which consist in formation and modeling of holistic construct of motivational – semantic sphere in patients with diabetes mellitus are outlined.

scholarly journals On the contribution of immune 42 mechanisms to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
О. I. Kamayeva ◽  
V. V. Sura
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Cost

Diabetic nephropathy (NF) came first among all the specified causes of end-stage renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) make up more than half of all patients treated with chronic hemodialysis in the United States and Western Europe. Among patients with diabetes with terminal renal failure, 60% are people over 50 years old, so hemodialysis is not always prescribed. However, hemodialysis is increasingly used in elderly and senile patients; therefore, the proportion of patients with diabetes, especially type II diabetes, in hemodialysis centers will increase, significantly increasing the cost of treating diabetes. Currently, along with metabolic, hemodynamic and genetic theories, the role of immune disorders in the formation and progression of DNs is being discussed. The prerequisites for the formation of a hypothesis about the immune genesis of DNs were the frequent detection of increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and immunoglobulins in the blood, as well as deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the kidney structures of patients with diabetes. However, among researchers there is no unanimity in the explanation of these facts. Many consider indisputably existing immune abnormalities inherent in DN as non-specific epiphenomes. The immune hypothesis of the pathogenesis of DN was formulated back in the 70s. The currently accumulated data suggest the participation of the immunocomplex mechanism in the development of DN. Immunofluorescence examination of the kidney tissue of patients with diabetes almost always reveals a luminescence of IgG, IgM, less often IgA, SZ and other complement fractions along the basal membranes of the glomeruli (BMC) and tubules of focal granular and linear in nature.

Glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and different stages of diabetic nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
V. S. Mozgunova ◽  
M. E. Chernaya ◽  
A. O. Sobenin ◽  
V. M. Lagoyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The relevance of the study of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy is due to disability of the able-bodied population and high mortality against the background of the almost irreversible progression of diabetic nephropathy. The article highlights modern ideas about the influence of various factors on the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and its course. The article is devoted to a review of current recommendations on diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy; the etiopathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy was described in detail. The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis, renal gluconeogenesis, and glucose reabsorption by the kidneys in healthy and in pathology is described. Detailed expositions of glycemic variability parameters, their changes in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on the stage of diabetic kidney damage are presented. The role of the kidneys in maintaining energy homeostasis, impaired glucose homeostasis in conditions of chronic kidney disease is described. We analyzed different options for insulin therapy, their advantages, and disadvantages in patients with diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. The presented material is extremely relevant for the development and implementation in the clinical practice of glycemic control methods to optimize treatment tactics, prevent the formation of microvascular complications, and early disability of patients with diabetes mellitus.

The effect of the components of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system on the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
K. V. Skobeleva ◽  
L. V. Tyrtova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Intrarenal Pressure

One of the key roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy belongs to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which is involved in the regulation of hemodynamics, systemic and intrarenal pressure, production of profibrogenic and growth factors, vascular remodeling. At the end of the twentieth century, local (tissue) RAAS elements from renin to aldosterone were found in tissues and target organs (including kidneys). Tissue RAAS plays a leading role in the development of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM): cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy. It is this fact that explains in many ways the pathogenetic role of RAAS in the defeat of target organs even with normal or low plasma renin activity (ARP). RAAS activation occurs long before the clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy, which makes it possible for earlier prevention and correction of initial changes in the study of its components, as well as reducing disability and the output of patients in chronic kidney disease. Given the tendency to “rejuvenate” diabetes mellitus, the lability of the course of the disease in childhood, the high hormonal activity in this group of patients, and, therefore, the greater the risk of complications, the timely diagnosis of the initial manifestations of DN is of high relevance and relevance.

scholarly journals The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
G R Gazizova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most frequent and unfavorable complications of pregnancy in terms of prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. The combination of pregnancy and uncompensated diabetes with such complications as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, leads to overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thromboses and ischemic necroses of the fetoplacental tissues, and low blood level of immunosuppressive cytokines increases the severity of the disease. This mechanism may be one of the reasons of the spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss in early pregnancy term in women with diabetes. For a long time the leading role in diabetic nephropathy formation was acknowledged for hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and arterial and renal intraglomerular hypertension. Diabetic nephropathy was recognized as non-immune and non-inflammatory process. Currently diabetic nephropathy is considered as a series of inflammatory reactions involving inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, consisting in the migration of monocytes or macrophages to the kidneys and glomerular and interstitial fibrosis development. Recent studies prove the role of immune-inflammatory reactions in diabetic kidney damage development and confirm an imbalance of the collagen exchange regulating factors, even at the stage of reversible renal dysfunction - microalbuminuria. The close relationship found between hyperglycemia, overproduction of growth factors and nephrosclerosis development in diabetes mellitus. The detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic growth factors in the urine of patients with diabetes, especially in pregnant women with diabetes, can be used to prompt diagnosis and evaluation of processes occurring in the kidneys, to study the degree of sclerosis, and as a consequence, to predict kidney functional disorders development. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, diabetic nephropathy, cytokines, growth factors.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF NEPHROPATHY AND ITS PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN A CENTRAL INDIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Sethi ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Mdrd Formula ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for the development of diabetic nephropathy. In the initial stages ie micro albuminuria the DKD is clinically detectable and can even be reversed. Hence early screening of diabetic patients is important. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of nephropathy in a cross section of diabetic patients. Objectives: The Aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of nephropathy in recently detected diabetic patients by evaluating microalbuminuria, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Methods: A total of 120 patients above 18 years were included in the study and were divided into three groups according to age and were further divided into three groups as per the duration of diseases Patients were again divided into two groups according to the gender. The GFR was calculated as per the MDRD formula and the patients were divided further as per the stage of CKD. Serum Creatinine levels were calculated and the variables associated with CKD were adjusted by Logistic Regression. Results: Our results suggests that 41.25% of subjects were in mild to severe nephropathy out of which 16.25 % were within the three years of diagnosis, thus suggesting the role of early and routine investigation in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Hence the role of life style is clearly emphasized by our results. Although when the variables were adjusted with the logistic regression the occupation was not that significant. Keywords: Albuminuria, Diabetes mellitus (DM), Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Serum Creatinine.

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