scholarly journals Compensated hypothyroidism and statin administration: symptoms of muscle damage and muscle metabolism disorders.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Lugovaya ◽  
Tatyana Necrasova ◽  
Leonid Strongin ◽  
Natalya Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Additional Monitoring ◽  
Group 1

Abstract There is no unequivocal opinion regarding the safety of statin in patients with hypothyroidism. However, based on some new data, it can be assumed that hypothyroidism, even in a stage of compensation, may cause muscle damage in patients receiving statins. As part of this study, this hypothesis was tested, and was confirmed. Aim To study the possibility of muscle damage and the nature of muscle metabolism in patients with compensated hypothyroidism who takes statin. Materials and methods The study is transverse and observational with the inclusion of 120 women, subdivided on three groups (n=40). The main group of patients with hypothyroidism who took statins (group 1) was compared with two control groups, including those who took statins without hypothyroidism (group 2), and who did not take statins with hypothyroidism (group 3). Results Patients taking statins and have compensated hypothyroidism are more likely to develop complaints of muscle pain, which are often associated with the elevation of muscle lesion markers, as well as the presence of the C allele in the SLCO1B1 * 5 gene (c.521T C). In patients with compensated hypothyroidism, relative frequency of occurrence of muscle pain syndrome associated with CPK elevation increases with TSH levels above 2.86 mU / L. Compensated hypothyroidism increases the possibility of development of SPM-ATP by 2.7 times. Conclusions Compensated hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for statin therapy. However, the presence of even compensated hypothyroidism in patients taking statins increases the possibility of the development of muscle symptoms associated with taking statins, and requires additional monitoring of the clinical and biochemical parameters of muscle metabolism (especially the level of CPK).

scholarly journals Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Topical and Subconjunctival Tigecycline

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sertan Goktas ◽  
Ender Erdogan ◽  
Rabia Sakarya ◽  
Yasar Sakarya ◽  
Mustafa Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Administration ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the effects of topical and subconjunctival tigecycline on the prevention of corneal neovascularization.Materials and Methods. Following chemical burn, thirty-two rats were treated daily with topical instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 1) or subconjunctival instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 3) for 7 days. Control rats received topical (group 2) or subconjunctival (group 4) 0.9% saline. Digital photographs of the cornea were taken on the eighth day after treatment and analyzed to determine the percentage area of the cornea covered by neovascularization. Corneal sections were analyzed histopathologically.Results. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization in groups 1 and 3 were 48% (95% confidence interval (CI), 44.2–55.8%) and 33.5% (95% CI, 26.6–39.2%), respectively. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization of groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.03andP<0.001, resp.). Histologic examination of samples from groups 1 and 3 showed lower vascularity than that of control groups.Conclusion. Topical and subconjunctival administration of tigecycline seems to be showing promising therapeutic effects on the prevention of corneal neovascularization. Furthermore, subconjunctival administration of tigecycline is more potent than topical administration in the inhibition of corneal neovascularization.

scholarly journals The Value of Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Hagar Abd Elrahman Deghaidy ◽  
Mona Khalid Omar Amira Youssef Ahmed ◽  
Elsayed Fetouh Rakha
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women at reproductive age associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. It may be the most common cause of anovulation, early pregnancy loss, and later pregnancy complications. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and is mainly secreted from visceral fat cells. It might be responsible for the metabolic and neuroendocrine derangements characteristic of obesity and obesity-related disease, such as PCOS. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum adiponectin in PCOS and the potential use of adiponectin as a biomarker for PCOS. Methods: This case control study was carried on 100 patients, aged between 20–35 years, who were equally divided into four groups based on the diagnosis of PCOS; 2 case groups and 2 control groups. Group 1 were non-obese PCOS subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. Group 2 were obese PCOS subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Control groups were selected as; group 3 were non-obese control group with BMI <25 kg/m2. Group 4 were obese control group with BMI >25 kg/m2. Results: Adiponectin was significantly lower in group 1 than group 3 and 4 (P2 and P3 <0.001). While it was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1, 3 and 4 and was significantly lower in group 4 than group 3 (P1 = 0.021, P4 and P5 <0.001). Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level may be taken into consideration as a biomarker for confirmation of PCOS diagnosis. The relationship between adiponectin and BMI suggests that adiponectin could serve as a marker for disease risk and provide opportunity for earlier intervention.

scholarly journals Prevention of the transmission of Babesia rossi by Haemaphysalis elliptica in dogs treated with Nexgard®

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Beugnet ◽  
Wilfried Lebon ◽  
Christa de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infected Donor ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Babesia Rossi ◽  
Haemaphysalis Elliptica ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This experimental study aimed to determine the efficacy of Afoxolaner (NexGard®) to prevent Babesia rossi transmission by Haemaphysalis elliptica ticks on dogs. The study included three groups of seven dogs each. Groups 1 and 2 remained untreated, whereas group 3 dogs received NexGard® on Day 0. All dogs were infested by 50 Haemaphysalis elliptica adult ticks: Group 1 on Day 2, Group 2 on Day 28 and Group 3 on Days 2 and 28. The ticks were originally nymphs having fed on B. rossi infected donor dogs. Their infection rate, assessed by PCR, was 12.8% at Day 2 and 6% at Day 28. On Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, and in case of suspicion of babesiosis, blood samples were collected for blood smears, PCR and ELISA. The B. rossi infection rate in the untreated group 1 was 100% (6/6, as one dog was inadvertently treated on Day 15 and removed from statistical analysis). The infection rate was 57.1% (4/7) in group 2, and 0% (0/7) in the afoxolaner treated group 3 at all time-points until the end of the study on Day 56. After tick removal and count 144 h after each infestation, the control groups had an arithmetic mean of ticks of 23.8 (group 1) and 26.8 (group 2). No tick was recovered from any treated dogs. This study demonstrated that NexGard® protected dogs against infection by B. rossi for at least 28 days.

TSH variations in chronic heart failure outpatients: clinical correlates and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Terlizzese ◽  
Miriam Albanese ◽  
Dario Grande ◽  
Giuseppe Parisi ◽  
Margherita Ilaria Gioia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Group 1

Background: Hypothyroidism is a frequently observed comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), possibly giving rise to unfavorable outcomes. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of TSH changes over time on cardiac function and prognosis of outpatients with CHF. Methods: Patients underwent clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic evaluations at baseline and after 12 months. Moreover, blood chemistry tests were performed to evaluate renal function, cardiac biomarkers, fT3, fT4, and TSH levels. Based on TSH serum levels, patients were retrospectively classified into four categories: Group 1, patients with improved thyroid function at one-year follow up vs. baseline; Group 2, patients with stable and mildly high TSH values (3.74 – 10 mUI/L); Group 3, patients with worsening thyroid function; Euthyroid patients Group, TSH levels within the normal range of reference at baseline as well as at 12 months follow-up. We considered as end-points: one-year changes of laboratory and echocardiographic parameters; hospitalizations due to worsening of HF (acute decompensated heart failure - ADHF); death for all causes. Results: Among 257 patients, 174 (67.7%) were euthyroid at baseline and after 12 months. Group 1 patients (n. 22, 8.6%) showed a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic function, filling pressures, NT-proBNP and Galectin-3. Group 2 patients (n. 34, 13.2%) did not exhibit significant modifications in studied parameters. Group 3 patients (n. 27, 10.5%) showed worsening of diastolic function and NT-proBNP and a greater risk of ADHF (HR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.20-3.74; p: 0.009) and death (HR: 4.05; 95%CI: 2.01-8.15; p<0.001). Conclusion: In patients with CHF, changes in thyroid function over time influenced echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers reflecting modifications of cardiac function and prognosis, thus suggesting the clinical relevance of thyroid deficiency screening and correction.

Exploring the impact of pain management programme attendance on complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients’ decision making regarding immunosuppressant treatment to manage their chronic pain condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716
Author(s):  
Calum Murray ◽  
Samantha Harrison ◽  
Andreas Goebel ◽  
Hannah Twiddy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Chronic Pain Condition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractObjectivesComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare chronic pain condition for which no curative treatment exists. Patients in tertiary centres are often required to make decisions about treatment options. This study was conducted to explore how prior attendance of a pain management program might alter patients’ decision making processes.MethodsThis qualitative study uses focus groups to gather patient views on an immunosuppressant drug treatment (mycophenolate) for the management of CRPS. Participants were allocated to one of three focus groups based on their treatment journey; Group 1 (n=3) were involved in a recent mycophenolate drug trial; Group 2 (n=5) were neither involved in the trial nor attended a Pain Management Programme (PMP); Group 3 (n=6) were not involved in the trial but had attended a PMP. Outcomes were considered within the framework of Leventhal’s Common Sense Model (CSM) in relation to the decision making process.ResultsThematic analysis identified differing themes for each group. Group 1: (1) Medication as a positive form of treatment, (2) The trial/drug and (3) Pacing. Group 2: (1) Medication as form of treatment, (2) Other forms of support/treatment and (3) Side effects of mycophenolate. Group 3: (1) Varied view of medication, (2) Consideration of other forms of support and (3) Side effects.ConclusionsAttendance on a PMP might provide patients with skills to better manage uncertainty when faced with various treatment options. Leventhal’s model goes some way to explaining this. The specific importance of, and benefit from understanding pacing when commencing an effective drug treatment for chronic pain became apparent.

scholarly journals Neuropeptide system parameters in acute herpes zoster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
S. V. Knysh ◽  
E. V. Markelova ◽  
A. I. Simakova ◽  
A. V. Karaulov
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein S100b ◽  
Group 1

The neuropeptides comprise an important part in the nervous system interacting with endocrine and immune systems. Peptide regulators are responsible for the continuity of communicating elements, which support homeostasis, however, despite abundant research examining neuropeptides, not all specific mechanisms and features of interacting proteins with cells and immune components have been uncovered. Objective: to perform a comprehensive assessment of neuropeptide system in patients with herpes zoster. Materials and methods: 106 in-hospital patients were examined diagnosed with herpes zoster within 2016–2019 period. Control group consisted of 30 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Blood serum was collected after verifying diagnosis on day 1. After discharge, patients were monitored for signs of pain syndrome and overall state within 3 months. It allowed to divide patients into 3 groups retrospectively. Group 1 — patients with herpes zoster, accompanied by mild or moderate pain syndrome; group 2 — patients with herpes zoster, accompanied by severe pain; group 3 — patients with herpes zoster, complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. Level of serum protein s100B, myelin basic protein, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuron specific enolase was measured by using specific reagents purchased from “R&D Diagnostics Inc.” (США). Results. it was found that level of serum protein S100B in all groups was significantly increased compared to control group, showing no inter-group differences. Amount of myelin basic protein in all study groups vs. control was significantly higher. Moreover, level of these parameters in group 2 vs. group 1 and 3 was significantly elevated. In addition, level of nerve growth factor was significantly increased in group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3, whereas in group 3 it was significantly lower than in control and group 2. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly decreased in all the study groups compared to control, showing no significant intergroup differences. Level of neuron-specific enolase was significantly increased in group 3 vs. control as well as group 1 and 2. The data obtained allowed to identify two parameters for assessing a risk of postherpetic neuralgia in acute herpes zoster, as well as provided deeper insights into the pathogenesis of neuroimmune disorders accompanying herpes zoster.

Effect of Petting a Dog on Immune System Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Charnetski ◽  
Sandra Riggers ◽  
Francis X. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin ◽  
Group 1

The present study assessed the effect of petting a dog on secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. 55 college students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or one of two control groups. Group 1 ( n = 19) petted a live dog; Group 2 ( n = 17) petted a stuffed dog, while Group 3 ( n = 19) simply sat comfortably on a couch. Each participant was exposed to one of the three conditions for 18 min. Pre- and posttreatment saliva samples yielded a significant increase in IgA for Group 1 only. Participants were also asked to complete the Pet Attitude Scale of Templer, Salter, Dickey, Baldwin and Veleber. Scores on this scale correlated with IgA increases only for participants in Group 2 (petting a stuffed animal). Results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of pets on health in general, and immunity in particular.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Effect of Taping Techniques on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Logan ◽  
Abhiram R. Bhashyam ◽  
Ashley J. Tisosky ◽  
Daniel B. Haber ◽  
Anna Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Context: Taping is commonly used in the management of several musculoskeletal conditions, including patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Specific guidelines for taping are unknown. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of knee taping in the management of PFPS. Our hypothesis was that tension taping and exercise would be superior to placebo taping and exercise as well as to exercise or taping alone. Data Sources: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were reviewed for English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of various taping techniques that were published between 1995 and April 2015. Keywords utilized included taping, McConnell, kinesio-taping, kinesiotaping, patellofemoral pain, and knee. Study Selection: Studies included consisted of RCTs (level 1 or 2) with participants of all ages who had anterior knee or patellofemoral pain symptoms and had received nonsurgical management using any taping technique. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Data Extraction: A checklist method was used to determine selection, performance, detection, and attrition bias for each article. A quality of evidence grading was then referenced using the validated PEDro database for RCTs. Three difference comparison groups were compared: tension taping and exercise versus placebo taping and exercise (group 1), placebo taping and exercise versus exercise alone (group 2), and tension taping and exercise versus taping alone (group 3). Results: Five RCTs with 235 total patients with multiple intervention arms were included. Taping strategies included McConnell and Kinesiotaping. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores indicated improvement in all 3 comparison groups (group 1: 91 patients, 39% of total, mean VAS improvement 44.9 [tension taping + exercise] vs 66 [placebo taping + exercise]; group 2: 56 patients, 24% of total, mean VAS improvement 66 [placebo taping + exercise] vs 47.6 [exercise alone]; and group 3: 112 patients, 48% of total, mean VAS improvement 44.9 [tension taping + exercise] vs 14.1 [taping alone]). Conclusion: This systematic review supports knee taping only as an adjunct to traditional exercise therapy for PFPS; however, it does not support taping in isolation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anti Masquito Electric Gas that Consist Allethrin That Influence The Weight and Colour of Rats Liver

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nurmawanti Nurmawanti ◽  
Ayly Soekanto
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this research is to know the influence of anti mosquito electric gas that consisted Allethrin to the weight and colour of the rats liver. This research used an experimental method with the post test only  control group design.  The subject of this research is male rats weight of 150 grams each and total there was 24 rats that were divided to 4 groups. The first one, the  control groups (PO) was not given any of the gas, the second one, group 1 (P1) was given the gas for 4 hours everday, the third one, group  2 (P2), was given for 6 hours and last, group 3  (P3) was given 8 hours everyday. After later, on  30 Th day, the rats were terminated and being put in a surgery to remove their liver. This data was analyzed using SPPS for windows version 16. To see the differences in weight between the groups, it was analyzed using anova, and  to obtain the discoloration of the rats liver was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Test. From the statistic tests, it show that there is significant difference in weight and color of liver in the group that α ≤ 0,05. According Anova Test, it shows that there is a significant difference α = 0,034 and from Kruskal Wallis test α = 0,013. In the conclusion anti mosquito electric gas that consist Allethrin affects the weight and the color of rats liver.

P1043CORRELATION OF ANEMIA AND THYROID HORMONES DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALENA SAZONAVA ◽  
Tatiana Mokhort ◽  
Natalia Karlovich
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims Impaired thyroid function is a common endocrine pathology among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting metabolic parameters, including iron metabolism. The purpose of the study was to investigate potential relationship between thyroid status and iron metabolism profile in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and DKD. Method We recruited 155 patients with T1D. GFR was estimated by CKD-MDRD formula. All patients were divided into 3 groups: the group 1 comprised 59 patients with GFR&gt;60 ml/min; group 2-77 patients with GFR&lt;60 ml/min, group 3- 19 patients, receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). Biochemical parameters, HbA1c, thyroid hormones, iron homeostasis parameters were measured. Nonparametric statistical methods were used. A P-value &lt;0,05 was considered significant. Results Groups were matched by age of T1D manifestation, HbA1c, BMI, CKD duration in groups 2 and 3. Duration of T1D differed by groups. Comparative analysis of patients in the subgroups revealed reliable differences in TSH levels only between patients from group 1 (p= 0.009), however, in the whole sample and in RRT patients its levels remained within the reference interval. Groups differed by FT4 values (group 1 - 14.12 (12.70-16.25) pmol / L, group 2 - 14.52 (13.27-16, 21), 3 group - 12.25 (11.38-13.48), p1,2 = 0.143, p1,3 = 0.035, p2,3 = 0.003) and FT3 (1 group - 4.43 (4,02-4.89) pmol / L, 2 group - 4.27 (3.98-4.78), 3 group - 1.43 (1.31-1.57), p1,2 = 0.712, p1,3 = 0.002, p2,3 = 0.012) with a tendency to maximum decrease when receiving RRT. No significant differences were obtained according to the levels of total T4 and T3, TG, Ab-TG, AbTPO. Significant decrease in Ab-R-TSH levels (group 1 - 0.70 (0.44-1.67) IU / l, group 2 - 0.40 (0.30-0.88), group 3 - 0.30 (0.30-0, 52), p1,2 = 0.492, p1,3 = 0.009, p2,3 = 0.035) confirms the absence of the influence of autoimmune component on the genesis of thyroid disorders in patients with CKD. No differences were obtained between groups in terms of serum iron levels and total iron binding capacity. Patients significantly differed in ERYTHROCYTES levels (group 1 - 4.68 (4.41-5.01) 109 / l, group 2 - 4.59 (3.96-4.83), group 3 - 3.84 (3, 32-4.27), p1,3 &lt;0.001, p2,3 &lt;0.001), HEMOGLOBIN (group 1 -139.00 (129.00-154.00), group 2 - 135, 00 (115.50-145.00), group 3 - 115.00 (103.00-124.00), p1,2 = 0.025, p1,3 &lt;0.001, p2,3 &lt;0.001), HCT (1 group - 41.90 (39.20-45.10)%, group 2 - 40.75 (35.65-43.70), group 3 - 36.25 (32.90-41.20), p1,3 &lt;0.001, p2,3 = 0.055), TRANSFERRIN (group 1 - 32.90 (30.80-35.60) μmol / L, group 2 - 31.60 (19.20-35, 45) 3 group - 2.45 (2.14-3.65), p1,2 = 0.049, p1,3 &lt;0.001, p2,3 &lt;0.001) and FERRITIN (1 group - 54.00 (33.00- 74.97) μg / L, group 2 - 74.85 (37.18-109.90), group 3 - 152.60 (92.80-329.60), p1,3 &lt; 0,001, p2,3 = 0.001), which reflects the highest sensitivity of these indicators to decrease in renal function. HCT correlated with levels of total T3 (ρ = 0.489), AbTPO (ρ = -0.490), total T4 (ρ = 0.536). Hb levels correlated with total T4 levels (ρ = 0.811), fT3 (ρ = 0.483). Ferritin levels correlated with fT4 (ρ = 0.510), and transferrin with fT3 (ρ = 0.523). Serum iron levels correlated with AbTPO (ρ = -0.656). Conclusion According to revealed changes, possibly anemia contributes to the development of thyroid dysfunctions in patients with diabetic genesis of CKD, due to the involvement of iron in the processes of deiodination and peripheral conversion of thyroid hormones.

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