scholarly journals Burden of Osteoporosis in the Countries of the Eurasian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Alla G. Zakroyeva ◽  
Varta Babalyan ◽  
Guldjan Gabdulina ◽  
Оlga Lobanchenko ◽  
Оlga B. Ershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future ◽  
Eurasian Region

The public health burden of osteoporosis estimated by the results of clinical and population-based researches in most of the former USSR is uncertain for today. The objective of this audit (Audit-2020) was the epidemiological, medico-social and economic analyse of current and future osteoporosis challenges for the future years for eight countries of the Eurasian region.Methods. We did a search and critical analysis of the publications, including of regional in English, Russian or national languages, did organize a structured survey among national osteoporosis societies members in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, as well as explored the demographic trends in these countries.Results. Scientific researches including the wide population-based EVA project discovered that the expected number of patients with osteoporosis varies from 240,000 in Armenia to 16 million in Russia. All the countries should be categorized as a moderate risk of hip fractures for women (200–300 cases /100,000 per year). Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan have moderate risk for men (100–150/100,000), as well as Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are distinguished by a high risk for men (over 150 cases/100,000). Population aging trends are predicting the future growth in the osteoporosis-associated health challenges throughout the region. It is likely the number of osteoporotic fractures to rise in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan the most: 2.5–3.5 times by 2050. However current hospitalization rates for hip fracture persons are low in most countries (33–80%), the diagnostic equipment is insufficient (0.2–1.3 per million), DXA testing are expensive. Although modern treatments are available, the cure expenses remain high. Hereby, immediate action is required in each country of audit, including admit osteoporosis is a priority public health problem.Conclusion. Osteoporosis is a challenge for the countries of the Eurasian region. Its burden is about to get worse due to the expected demographic changes.

scholarly journals The status of strontium in biological apatites: an XANES/EXAFS investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Bazin ◽  
Arnaud Dessombz ◽  
Christelle Nguyen ◽  
Hang Korng Ea ◽  
Frédéric Lioté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Public Health Burden

Osteoporosis represents a major public health problem through its association with fragility fractures. The public health burden of osteoporotic fractures will rise in future generations, due in part to an increase in life expectancy. Strontium-based drugs have been shown to increase bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and to reduce fracture risk but the molecular mechanisms of the action of these Sr-based drugs are not totally elucidated. The local environment of Sr2+cations in biological apatites present in pathological and physiological calcifications in patients without such Sr-based drugs has been assessed. In this investigation, X-ray absorption spectra have been collected for 17 pathological and physiological calcifications. These experimental data have been combined with a set of numerical simulations using theab initioFEFF9X-ray spectroscopy program which takes into account possible distortion and Ca/Sr substitution in the environment of the Sr2+cations. For selected samples, Fourier transforms of the EXAFS modulations have been performed. The complete set of experimental data collected on 17 samples indicates that there is no relationship between the nature of the calcification (physiological and pathological) and the adsorption mode of Sr2+cations (simple adsorption or insertion). Such structural considerations have medical implications. Pathological and physiological calcifications correspond to two very different preparation procedures but are associated with the same localization of Sr2+versusapatite crystals. Based on this study, it seems that for supplementation of Sr at low concentration, Sr2+cations will be localized into the apatite network.

scholarly journals Fragility Fractures and Imminent Fracture Risk in the Spanish Population: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Maria-José Montoya-García ◽  
Mercè Giner ◽  
Rodrigo Marcos ◽  
David García-Romero ◽  
Francisco-Jesús Olmo-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Skeletal Site ◽  
Mortality Incidence

Fragility fractures constitute a major public health problem worldwide, causing important high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim was to present the epidemiology of fragility fractures and to assess the imminent risk of a subsequent fracture and mortality. This is a retrospective population-based cohort study (n = 1369) with a fragility fracture. We estimated the incidence rate of index fragility fractures and obtained information on the subsequent fractures and death during a follow-up of up to three years. We assessed the effect of age, sex, and skeletal site of index fracture as independent risk factors of further fractures and mortality. Incidence rate of index fragility fractures was 86.9/10,000 person-years, with highest rates for hip fractures in women aged ≥80 years. The risk of fracture was higher in subjects with a recent fracture (Relative Risk(RR), 1.80; p < 0.01). Higher age was an independent risk factor for further fracture events. Significant excess mortality was found in subjects aged ≥80 years and with a previous hip fracture (hazard ratio, 3.43 and 2.48, respectively). It is the first study in Spain to evaluate the incidence of major osteoporotic fractures, not only of the hip, and the rate of imminent fracture. Our results provide further evidence highlighting the need for early treatment.

scholarly journals Progress to Eliminate Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: Results of 152 Population-Based Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha E. P. Stewart ◽  
Mulat Zerihun ◽  
Demelash Gessese ◽  
Berhanu Melak ◽  
Eshetu Sata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Regional State

scholarly journals Ten years experience with Jorge Lobo's disease in the state of Acre, Amazon region, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
William John Woods ◽  
Andréa de Faria Fernandes Belone ◽  
Léia Borges Carneiro ◽  
Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

Jorge Lobo's disease is a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis that affects patients in the Amazon region. The number of patients is relatively small, but the real situation of the disease as public health problem is not known, because Jorge Lobo's disease is not a notifiable disease. This study aims to report the clinical evolution in patients affected and to determine the prevalence and areas of occurrence of the disease. A retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of the clinical records, which included a collection of photographs of patients in the Department of Sanitary Dermatology, in Rio Branco, and patients seen in the interior of the state. In a decade, in Rio Branco, 249 cases of the disease were reported, 30 were females and 219 males. Of these patients, 153 had localized lesions, 94 of them were on one ear, 55 had multifocal lesions and 41 had disseminated lesions. The average time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 19 years. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 53 years, and ages ranged from 14 to 96 years.

scholarly journals A study of the cost analysis of various oral antihypertensive drugs available in Indian market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Neelesh Arya ◽  
Shweta Agrawal ◽  
Mehul Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Background: Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. It accounts for 10% of all deaths in India and is the leading non-communicable disease. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension is 25% in urban and 10% in rural people in India. It exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health status and health care systems in India. Antihypertensive treatment effectively reduces hypertension related morbidity and mortality. The cost of medications has always been a barrier to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires use of cost effective treatment for the effective management of the disease.Methods: Cost of a particular drug (cost per 10 tablets) in the same strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties, Jan‑April 2019 and “Indian Drug Review” (IDR) September 2018. Difference between the maximum and minimum cost of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and percentage cost variation was calculated.Results: The prices of a total of 24 drugs (15 single and 9 combination preparations), available in 59 different formulations were analysed. These 62 formulations are manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies.Conclusions: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antihypertensive drug manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan ovitrap dalam pengukuran populasi Aedes sp. dan penentuan kondisi rumah

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lisa Hidayati ◽  
Upik Kesumawati Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

<span lang="EN-US">The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Observations over a period of 20 to 25 years since the beginning of  the discovering of the disease, has show the increase of the diseases incidence every five years. The purpose of this study are 1) study the diversity of <em>Aedes’</em>s mosquitoes in Sukabumi City, 2) measure the <em>Aedes </em>population based on the number of eggs and ovitrap index, and 3) to know the correlation between ovitrap index and house condition. <em>Aedes</em> eggs were collected from 14 villages in Sukabumi City that has the highest incidence rate, started from May 2015 until August 2015. Collecting eggs is done by setting a trap eggs (ovitrap) as many as 230 pieces in 115 homes (indoor and outdoor). The results showed that <em>Ae. aegypti </em>were found inside houses and <em>Ae. albopictus </em>were outside houses.<em> </em>The number of eggs collected from ovitrap inside the houses were three times more than those collected from outside. Ovitrap index inside houses was 60%, or 1.6 times more than the ovitrap index outside the houses (37%) in 14 villages in Sukabumi. Houses with poor ventilation and sanitation increased the risk 3.09 times of number of ovitrap index. The results of this study could be use as basic information for the communities to improved environment hygiene through reduced mosquito breeding sites, thus degraded the incidence of dengue</span>

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herni Damayanti ◽  
I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa ◽  
Rani Sauriasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Conditions

COVID-19 is a major public health problem, with still questionable specific cure. Favipiravir is a COVID-19 antiviral that is included in several drugs, potentially a therapy for COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze its efficacy and safety in moderate to critical hospitalized patients. This study was a retrospective cohort in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia, from August 2020 to January 2021. There was a total of 192 patients; 96 patients in the favipiravir group and 96 patients in the non-favipiravir group (remdesivir/oseltamivir). Effectivity was measured by assessing the clinical condition at the end of the isolation period of 14 days. The favipiravir group showed better clinical conditions than the non-favipiravir group (79.2% vs. 56.3%; aRR 2.196; 95% CI = 1.084 – 4.451, p=0.029), seen from being free of fever and respiratory problems. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the clinical improvement was significantly different in the severe/critical group in favor of favipiravir (RR 1,573; 95% CI = 1.139-2.172). The most common non-serious adverse events (AE) found in the use of favipiravir were gastrointestinal disturbances (12.5%). In conclusion, favipiravir is effective in severe/critical cases, and no serious adverse events were found in its use. Appropriate treatment is expected to help in reducing the public health burden.

scholarly journals Progress Towards Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Eritrea: Results of a Systematic Review and Nine Population-based Prevalence Surveys Conducted in 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Andeberhan Tesfazion ◽  
Alem Zecarias ◽  
Solomon Zewengiel ◽  
Rebecca Willis ◽  
Goitom Mebrahtu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense Mechanisms in the Development of Amoebic Liver Abscesses

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Santi-Rocca ◽  
Marie-Christine Rigothier ◽  
Nancy Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Parasite Factors

SUMMARY Amoebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica is a major public health problem in developing countries and leads to several thousand deaths per year. The parasite invades the intestine (provoking diarrhea and dysentery) and the liver, where it forms abscesses (amoebic liver abscesses [ALAs]). The liver is the organ responsible for filtering blood coming from the intestinal tract, a task that implies a particular structure and immune features. Amoebae use the portal route and break through the sinusoidal endothelial barrier to reach the hepatic parenchyma. When faced with systemic and cell-mediated defenses, trophozoites adapt to their new environment and modulate host responses, leading to parasite survival and the formation of inflammatory foci. Cytopathogenic effects and the onset of inflammation may be caused by diffusible products originating from parasites and/or immune cells either by their secretion or by their release after cell death. Liver infection thus results from the interplay between E. histolytica and hepatic cells. Despite its importance in terms of public health burden, the lack of integrated data on ALA genesis means that we have only an incomplete description of the initiation and development of hepatic amoebiasis. Here, we review the main steps of ALA development as well as the responses triggered in both the host and the parasite. Transcriptome studies highlighted parasite factors involved in adherence to human cells, cytopathogenic effects, and adaptative and stress responses. An understanding of their role in ALA development will help to unravel the host-pathogen interactions and their evolution throughout the infection.

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