scholarly journals Genetic predictors of obesity development

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Borodina ◽  
Kamila M. Gapparova ◽  
Zainudin M. Zainudiniv ◽  
Olga N. Grigorian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
The Impact

The most common reasons that cause obesity are eating disorders (overeating), genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise), disorders of the endocrine system, and environmental factors. There is evidence of an obvious relationship of high consumption of sugary drinks and weight gain. Since 1990, there has been considerable growth in the number of obese people in the first place associated with the promotion of soft drinks. According to a study in Finnish diabetes prevention average physical activity and change of diet (1200-1800 kcal) of total fat intake with less than 30% saturated fat, including less than 10%, leading to long-term loss of excess weight (within 4 years). Many studies have demonstrated the impossibility of a single template approach to the determination of optimal diets for patients with overweight and obesity which has been shown in various studies on gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity, and their interaction. This article provides an overview of current data on the genetics of obesity covering the main provisions of the study of candidate genes, such as PPARG, FABP2, ADRB 2, ADRB3. The role nutrigenetics in the creation of individual programs of weight control and weight loss. But the question of the direct role of genetic factors in the development of obesity remains controversial, since one can not ignore the impact of environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, and harmful habits. To understand the mechanism of the relationship between genetic factors, environmental factors, and obesity, one needs to carry out research not only on the population level, but also in certain groups of people (ethnic, racial, age).

scholarly journals Pattern of BMI and associated factors in residents of Hussainabad aged 15 years and above.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 752-758
Author(s):  
Aftab Nazir ◽  
Rabia Arshad Usmani ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Muhammad Zakria ◽  
Muhammad Umar Ghafoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Sweet Foods

Objectives: To study the pattern of BMI and associated factors in residents of Hussainabad aged 15 years and above. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Hussainabad, Faisalabad. Period: 15th April to 23th August 2017. Material & Methods: A sample of 410 was obtained. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Results: Out of total 410 study participants, 250 (61%) were males and 160 (39%) were females. 258 (62.9%) participants were found having BMI in the range of overweight and obesity, 6 (1.4%) participants were underweight and the remaining 146 (36%) participants were having normal BMI range. Amongst 258 overweight/obese people, 83 (20.2%) people were overweight, 112 (27.3%) moderate obese, 30 (7.3%) severe obese and 33 (8.1%) very severe obese. Overall 175 (42.7%) people were suffering from obesity. 249 (60.7%) people were in habit of eating in between meals and 161 (39.3%) were not used to eating in between meals. 95 (23.1%) people eat four times a day and 55 (13.4%) people eat more than four times a day. Likeness and increased frequency of rice and meat [136 (33.2%) and (130 (31.7%)] was more than vegetables and pulses [(91 (22.2%) and (53 (12.9%)] respectively. 157 (38.3%) people were having nocturnal eating habits. 194 (47.3%) admitted of liking the sweets and sweet foods and 170 (41.5%) people admitted of eating more under stressful conditions. 130 (31.7%) participants don’t do any kind of physical activity. Conclusion: This study describes a high frequency of obesity among population of Hussainabad. Numerous health risk practices were identified including unhealthy dietary habits, eating sweet foods, increased meal frequency, snacking behavior and lack of physical activity.

scholarly journals “Childhood Obesity its Factors, Complications and Impact on Overall Health in Children”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asma Saghir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Childhood, overweight and obesity are increasingly significant problems, and ones that are likely to endure and to have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is taken to reverse the trend. A number of factors have been suggested as contributing to the development of childhood obesity. These include genetic factors, decreasing levels of physical activity, increased time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in diet. In addition, lifestyle factors, including family influences, changes in society and media advertising, have been associated with the increasing incidence of obesity and overweight in childhood. To address the problem, health care professionals should incorporate appropriate screening in their child practice. Comprehensive assessment of children who are, or who are at risk of becoming, obese is also necessary

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Miriam Parisi ◽  
Marco Graziano ◽  
Laura Sciacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Organ

Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.

scholarly journals Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Kriaucioniene ◽  
Lina Bagdonaviciene ◽  
Celia Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Janina Petkeviciene
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Sugary Drinks

The COVID-19 quarantine has caused significant changes in everyday life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quarantine on dietary, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits of Lithuanians and the association between health behaviours and weight changes. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among individuals older than 18 years in April 2020. The self-administered questionnaire included health behaviour and weight change data. Altogether 2447 subjects participated in the survey. Almost half of the respondents (49.4%) ate more than usual, 45.1% increased snacking, and 62.1% cooked at home more often. Intake of carbonated or sugary drinks, fast food and commercial pastries decreased, while consumption of homemade pastries and fried food increased. A decrease in physical activity was reported by 60.6% of respondents. Every third (31.5%) respondent, more often those already with overweight, gained weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher odds of weight gain were associated with females, older age, increased consumption of sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fried food, eating more than usual, increased snacking, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Our data highlighted the need for dietary and physical activity guidelines to prevent weight gain during the period of self-isolation, especially targeting those with overweight and obesity.

Weight status, dietary habits, physical activity, screen time and sleep duration among university students

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602096086
Author(s):  
Souad Benaich ◽  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Zineb Andaloussi ◽  
Saber Boutayeb ◽  
Meryem Alamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: University life is a crucial period when dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours are formed and may have long-lasting effects on the development of obesity and related chronic diseases. Aim: To investigate the association of overweight/obesity with dietary habits, physical activity, screen time and sleep duration among university students. Methods: A total of 438 students aged 18–26 years were recruited from Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using standardized equipment. Data regarding dietary habits, physical and sedentary activities were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Students who reported frequent consumption (>3 times/week) of fast food, fried potatoes and sugary drinks were more likely to be overweight/obese than peers who did not. Similarly, odds of being overweight/obese were slightly higher among females who reported non-daily intake of fruits and milk or dairy products and among males who ate vegetables less frequently (<7 times/week). Approximately 26% of students were physically inactive, with a higher proportion of females (35.8%) than males (10.7%). Both short and long sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in males. In contrast, physical inactivity and increased screen time were associated with a slightly reduced risk of overweight/obesity, particularly in females. Conclusions: Overall, unhealthy dietary habits were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. A similar trend was also observed between abnormal sleep duration and overweight/obesity in males. Interventions to promote healthy dietary and lifestyle habits and prevent overweight/obesity in this population are needed.

scholarly journals Physical activity and dietary habits among Moroccan adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1793-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Hamrani ◽  
Slimane Mehdad ◽  
Khalid El Kari ◽  
Asmaa El Hamdouchi ◽  
Imane El Menchawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to detail the lifestyle (physical activity and dietary habits) of Moroccan adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study undertaken in the framework of the ATLS (Arab Teens Lifestyle Study).SettingPhysical activity and dietary habits were determined using a validated questionnaire in public secondary schools.SubjectsA total of 669 adolescents aged 15·0–19·9 years were randomly recruited from Kenitra, Morocco.ResultsPhysical activity patterns and intensity differed between genders. As anticipated, male adolescents were more active than female adolescents across a typical week and engaged in more vigorous-intensity physical activity than female adolescents, who spent more time than male adolescents in moderate-intensity physical activity. Of particular concern was that one in five of the adolescents surveyed was inactive, with almost 45 % of the sample reporting television viewing for more than 2 h/d and 38 % engaged in computer use for a similar period. From a dietary perspective, most adolescents reported that they do not take breakfast or consume milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables on a daily basis. In contrast, most reported consumption of doughnuts, cakes, candy and chocolate more than three times per week and approximately 50 % consumed sugary drinks more than three times per week.ConclusionsBased on a continuation of the self-reported lifestyle behaviours, adolescents in the present study are at risk of developing chronic diseases. Education programmes are urgently needed to assist in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and reduce the likelihood of overweight and obesity and related health risks among young people.

scholarly journals The influence of physical activity on appetite control: an experimental system to understand the relationship between exercise-induced energy expenditure and energy intake

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Erik Naslund ◽  
Neil King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
The Impact

Investigations of the impact of physical activity on appetite control have the potential to throw light on the understanding of energy balance and therefore, upon body weight regulation and the development of obesity. Given the complexity of the landscape influencing weight regulation, research strategies should reflect this complexity. We have developed a research approach based on the concept of the psychobiological system (multi-level measurement and analysis) and an experimental platform that respects the operations of an adaptive regulating biological system. It is important that both sides of the energy balance equation (activity and diet) receive similar detailed levels of analysis. The experimental platform uses realistic and fully supervised levels of physical activity, medium-term (not acute) interventions, measurement of body composition, energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry), satiety physiology (gut peptides), homeostatic and hedonic processes of appetite control, non-exercise activity, obese adult participants and both genders. This research approach has shown that the impact of physical activity on appetite control is characterised by large individual differences. Changes in body composition, waist circumference and health benefits are more meaningful than changes in weight. Further, we are realising that the acute effects do not predict what will happen in the longer term. The psychobiological systems approach offers a strategy for simultaneously investigating biological and behavioural processes relevant to understanding obese people and how obesity can be managed. This experimental platform provides opportunities for industry to examine the impact of foods under scientifically controlled conditions relevant to the real world.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary, Socioeconomic, and Physical Factors on Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren Living in Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria) and Ain Defla (Centre)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Didaoui ◽  
Méghit Boumediene Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of environmental factors; food, socio-economic, and physical activity, on a group of obese children living in Ain-Defla (Center Algeria) and Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West Algeria). Material and methods: The protocol was carried out on a cohort of 125 school children aged of 5 to 11 years, including 64 boys and 61 girls, and 139 school children, including 93 boys and 46 girls in Ain Defla and Sidi-Bel-Abbes respectively. Concerning the classification of obesity and overweight, we referred to the International Obesity Task Force and the French References' curves. Results: Regarding dietary intake our results showed that 34% of students from both regions took their breakfast, compared to 66% who did not take. Furthermore, 73% of students skipped at least one meal, however 23% respected meals frequency i.e. 4 meals a day. Regarding socio-economic factors and physical activity, our findings showed that obesity rates were high (36%) among children whose fathers are workers. However, for mothers who are housewives, obesity increases among their children (88%). The relationship was reversed between the parents' education level and the Body Mass Index. We found an opposite relationship between Body Mass Index and physical activity, and investigated children use screen devices for long time periods. Conclusions: Our study showed a positive relationship between obesity and overweight and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity among higher secondary level students of Tulsipur Municipality, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Shailesh Regmi ◽  
Jagannath P.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Nutrition Problem

Background: The global epidemic of overweight/obesity – termed “globesity” is a major public health problem where rates of obesity have tripled in developing countries over the last 20 years. Factors like studying in private schools, consumption of unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and shortened night-time sleep duration are shown to be related with overweight and obesity. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the relationship of BMI with the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.Methods: A school based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 participants chosen randomly from grade 11 and 12. Measurements of height and weight were taken to calculate BMI and primary data about determinants of obesity was collected through semi structured questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 16v.Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 4.25% and 2.25% respectively. Consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was found among 99% and 95% of the respondents respectively. Higher screening time for TV/Computer, shortened sleep duration and reduced physical activity led to higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Factors like type of school [esp. private school, (p=0.019, 95% CI)], type of family (p=0.039, 95% CI), occupation of mother (p=0.019, 95% CI) were statistically significant with BMI.Conclusions: Apart from under-nutrition problem, there exists increasing trend of over-nutrition among higher secondary students in Tulsipur Municipality, Nepal. The shift of under-nutrition problem to over-nutrition says we need to rethink about the consequences of over-nutrition.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin resistance: Etiopathegenesis and influencing factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
AK Al-Mahmood ◽  
SF Afrin ◽  
N Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance has been the subject of much debate over the last two decades. Its pathophysiologycal basis, however, still remains to be clearly understood. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Mutation of genes encoding signal transduction molecules of insulin and acquired factors like aging, diets, physical activity, obesity and related molecular changes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking were proposed by many groups. This review examined both acquired and genetic factors and discussed model of hormone-receptor-postreceptor interactions to explore the molecular basis of insulin resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v4i2.13773 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2011; 4(2): 26-31

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