scholarly journals Silent pituitary adenomas: review and clinical cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Anna Konstantinovna Lipatenkova ◽  
Larisa Konstantinovna Dzeranova ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Pigarova ◽  
Ludmila Igorevna Astaf'eva ◽  
Andrey Yur'evich Grigor'ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Positive Immunoreactivity ◽  
Residual Tissue ◽  
Silent Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Zero Cell ◽  
Secretory Capacity ◽  
Clinical Cases

Silent, or clinically nonfunctioning adenomas are morphologically heterogeneous group, characterized by positive immunoreactivity for one or more hormones classically secreted by normal pituitary cells but without clinical expression. Although in some occasions enhanced or changed secretory activity can develop over time. According to immunoreactivity they are divided into "silent" gonado-, cortico-, somato -, mammo – and thyrotropinomas, oncocytomas, «zero-cell» tumors. All types of "silent" adenomas have different biological activity, secretory capacity and outcomes in the postoperative period. This series of clinical cases shows more «aggressiveness», a higher risk of relapse for "silent" cortico- and somatotropinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of residual tissue can be used to identify patients with high risk of recurrence, to develop optimal treatment and follow-up.

Ultrastructural Aspects of Golgi Complex Function in Parathyroid Cells of Winter Frogs

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
William J. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Regulation Of Secretion

The regulation of secretion in exocrine and endocrine cells has long been of interest. Electron microscopic and other studies have demonstrated that secretory proteins synthesized on ribosomes are transported by the rough ER to the Golgi complex where they are concentrated into secretory granules. During active secretion, secretory granules fuse with the cell membrane, liberating and discharging their contents into the perivascular spaces. When secretory activity is suppressed in anterior pituitary cells, undischarged secretory granules may be degraded by lysosomes. In the parathyroid gland, evidence indicates that the level of blood Ca ions regulates both the production and release of parathormone. Thus, when serum Ca is low, synthesis and release of parathormone are both stimulated; when serum Ca is elevated, these processes are inhibited.

scholarly journals Failure analysis and recommendations for treatment of posttraumatic non-unions of the distal humerus during childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Walther Sommerfeldt ◽  
Peter Paul Schmittenbecher
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Distal Humerus ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Supracondylar Fractures ◽  
Stable Fixation ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Pediatric Traumatology ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Purpose Non-unions of the distal humerus are rare complications of common children’s fractures such as radial condyle fractures and supracondylar fractures. The aim of this paper was to update the knowledge about etiology, reasons, management, and results of these troublesome, and sometimes debilitating entities. Methods The sparse literature concerning nonunions following condylar or supracondylar fractures was analyzed together with the presentation of some typical clinical cases. Results In most of the cases, non-unions were induced by neglect, unstable fixation, too early implant removal, too much revision surgery, and an inconsequent transfer of follow-up algorithms, or combinations of the above. Treatment of non-union should start as early as possible because the effort of required surgery increases with time that the nonunion has been neglected. Often a combination of stable fixation of the pseudarthrosis and correction of the elbow axis are necessary to achieve a satisfying outcome. Conclusion In pediatric traumatology, qualified and consequent care for children’s fractures of the distal humerus can prevent rare complications such as non-unions in almost any situation. If such a disturbance of healing is noticed, immediate and adequate, i.e. children specific surgical consequences achieve best results.

Primary Intrapulmonary Thymomas: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gong ◽  
Y-H Li ◽  
X-L He ◽  
Q Wang ◽  
L Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Membrane Antigen ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Lung Tumour ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Immunological Phenotype ◽  
Type A Thymoma

Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PIT), which are intrapulmonary tumours without an associated mediastinal component, are very rare; only 29 cases of PIT have been described in the literature since 1951. This report presents a case of PIT in a 59-year old Chinese woman with a type A thymoma (including its pathogenesis, clinical pathological characteristics, immunological phenotype, treatment and prognosis), in the context of a review of the current literature. The origin of thymomas in this unusual location remains unknown. In this case, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the epithelial component was strongly positive for cytokeratin and focally reactive for epithelial membrane antigen. It is concluded that PIT should be considered when the histopathological appearance of a lung tumour is not typical of other pulmonary neoplasms. Complete resection appears sufficient in non-malignant tumours, while in cases of partial resection or malignancy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered. Long-term regular clinical follow-up is also warranted, due to the risk of late local recurrence.

scholarly journals Dopamine agonist-responsive Cushing’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-228045
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Anand ◽  
Andrea Bink ◽  
Felix Beuschlein ◽  
Christoph Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Mri Scans

A 47-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our clinic with a severe clinical and biochemical phenotype of endogenous hypercortisolism for further evaluation and treatment. In addition to confirming adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, we found left temporal hemianopsia, massively increased prolactin, increased growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 values, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central hypothyroidism. As the cause of these abnormalities we revealed an invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary secreting ACTH, prolactin and growth hormone, resulting not only in a clinically predominant picture of Cushing’s syndrome but also causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central hypothyroidism. The patient responded surprisingly well to dopamine agonist treatment leading not only to normalisation of prolactin levels but also to clinical and biochemical remission of Cushing’s syndrome. Tumour size decreased successively in follow-up MRI scans. Despite lacking immunohistochemical analysis of tumour tissue, we assume plurihormonal secretion of ACTH, prolactin and growth hormone from pituitary macroadenoma, which fortunately responded well to dopamine agonist treatment.

scholarly journals Long‐term follow up of initial clinical cases with NF‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide transfection at the site of coronary stenting

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Egashira ◽  
Jun‐ichi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Motokuni Aoki ◽  
Mitsuaki Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Stenting ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Clinical Cases

scholarly journals Atypical carcinoid of larynx and management using transoral robotic surgery: Supraglottic laryngectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 055-057
Author(s):  
Anant Dinesh ◽  
Himanshu Shukla ◽  
Reetesh Ranjan ◽  
Surender Dabas
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Transoral Robotic Surgery ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Atypical Carcinoid ◽  
Supraglottic Laryngectomy ◽  
Laryngeal Examination

AbstractAtypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx is a particularly rare occurrence. Here, we report a patient with a laryngeal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) who was treated with transoral robotic surgery-supraglottic laryngectomy (TORS-SL). A 73-year-old male patient, a known smoker, presented with throat pain and hoarseness for 1 month. Endoscopic laryngeal examination and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left supraglottic mass. The results of histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were consistent with atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A TORS-SL was performed. There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 18 months. NETs of the larynx are a very heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of pathological features and biological behavior. The histological diagnosis is the most important step in the management of these tumors. Tumor histology is an important determinant of prognosis. TORS-SL is a promising, minimally invasive, endoscopic surgical alternative for the treatment of supraglottic tumors with good functional and clinical outcomes as seen in this case.

Immunohistochemical Study of Ten Cases of Argyrophilic Carcinoma (Carcinoid) of the Breast

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Andreola ◽  
Emanuela Di Re ◽  
Mirella Merson ◽  
Lorenza Maggiulli ◽  
Patrizia De Palma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
History Of

The significance of argyrophilia in human breast cancer is still a controversial issue. We tested immunohistochemically 10 cases of argyrophilic carcinomas of the breast and found evidence of immunoreactivity with neuroendocrine markers: chromogranin, NSE, gastrin, insulin and bombesin. Argyrophilia was demonstrated in breast cancers of the usual types and was found to be related to the secretory activity of neoplastic cells. Unfortunately, no adequate follow-up data are available to clarify the natural history of argyrophilic breast cancer. A clinical treatment different from that of conventional breast cancer is not at present justified.

Atypical pituitary adenomas: incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zada ◽  
Whitney W. Woodmansee ◽  
Shakti Ramkissoon ◽  
Jordan Amadio ◽  
Vania Nose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Null Cell ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Null Cell Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Subtypes ◽  
P53 Immunoreactivity ◽  
Mib 1

Object The 2004 WHO classification of pituitary adenomas now includes an “atypical” variant, defined as follows: MIB-1 proliferative index greater than 3%, excessive p53 immunoreactivity, and increased mitotic activity. The authors review the incidence of this atypical histopathological subtype and its correlation with tumor subtype, invasion, and surgical features. Methods The records of 121 consecutive patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas during an 18-month period were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of atypical adenomas. Results Eighteen adenomas (15%) met the criteria for atypical lesions; 17 (94%) of the 18 were macroadenomas. On imaging, 15 (83%) demonstrated imaging evidence of surrounding invasion, compared with 45% of typical adenomas (p = 0.004). Atypical tumors occurred in 12 female (67%) and 6 male (33%) patients. Patient age ranged from 16 to 70 years (mean 48 years). Nine patients (50%) had hormonally active tumors, and 9 had nonfunctional lesions. Four (22%) of the 18 patients presented to us with recurrent tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the following tumor subtypes: GH-secreting adenoma with plurihormonal staining (5 patients [28%]); null-cell adenoma (5 patients [28%]); silent ACTH tumor (3 patients [17%]), ACTH-staining tumor with Cushing's disease (2 patients [11%]), prolactinoma (2 patients [11%]), and silent FSH-staining tumor (1 patient [6%]). The MIB-1 labeling index ranged from 3% to 20% (mean 7%). Conclusions Atypical tumors were identified in 15% of resected pituitary adenomas, and they tended to be aggressive, invasive macroadenomas. More longitudinal follow-up is required to determine whether surgical outcomes, potential for recurrence, or metastasis of atypical adenomas vary significantly from their typical counterparts.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of Sarcomatoid carcinoma of head and neck mucosal region: a retrospective analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Sumaira Qayoom ◽  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Madhu Kumar ◽  
Preeti Agarwal ◽  
Malti Kumari Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Biphasic Tumour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a biphasic tumour comprising both of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements derived monoclonally from same stem cells. These are unusual variants of squamous cell carcinoma and constitute less than 1% of the head and neck mucosal tumors. Only few studies have been published and needs more understanding to establish treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to review the cases of carcinosarcoma arising from mucosal sites of head and neck and study their clinical, histological and Immunohistochemical features.Methods: Retrospective data and slides of histologically proven sarcomatoid carcinoma over a period of thirty -four months between January 2016 - October 2018 were retrieved and evaluated for various clinical and histopathological parameters.Results: Total of 22 cases were included in the study and the mean age of presentation was 58years with male: female ration 2:1. Most of the patients (81.8%) presented with a mass lesion of less than 6 months duration. The most common site was oral cavity (68.1%) followed by larynx (22.7%). Clinical stage was known in eleven cases. One case presented with pulmonary metastasis. Histopathologically, epithelial differentiation was identified in nine cases (41%) on morphology and in thirteen cases could be highlighted by cytokeratin positivity. The Mesenchymal component was arranged in sheets (63.7%) and fascicles (31.8%). Marked anaplasia and brisk mitosis wereseen in 54.5% and 19.3% respectively.  On immunohistochemistry all 22 cases were positive for Vimentin, twenty cases were positive for cytokeratin/EMA and aberrant mesenchymal markers were expressed in 10% of cases.  Follow up was available in eighteen cases out of which fourteen cases died within one year of diagnosis.Conclusions: Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma is challenging especially on small biopsy because of overlapping features with other spindle cell tumors. Understanding the clinicopathological features facilitates their diagnosis and effective clinical management.

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