scholarly journals Ceramides: focus on obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Dyleva ◽  
Olga V. Gruzdeva ◽  
Ekaterina V. Belik
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

It is generally known that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A pathological increase in the mass of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the control of lipid accumulation at the molecular level, abnormal lipid metabolism with the formation of metabolites, which are critical for the development of these pathologies against the background of obesity. Ceramides are one of these metabolites. Ceramides perform many physiological functions, but under pathological conditions they induce insulin resistance, uncouple cellular respiration and phosphorylation, activate cell apoptosis, and play an important role in the induction of adipose tissue dysfunction. Altering ceramide biosynthesis through dysregulation of key enzymes leads to the formation and accumulation of ceramides, which block insulin signaling and induce adipose tissue inflammation.This review highlights the metabolism of ceramides, the reasons for their ectopic deposition in tissues in obesity, as well as potential intracellular signaling pathways that modulate ceramide activity.

scholarly journals Extracellular matrix in cardiovascular pathophysiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. H1687-H1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bloksgaard ◽  
Merry Lindsey ◽  
Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Circulatory Physiology ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

The extracellular matrix (ECM) actively participates in diverse aspects of cardiovascular development and physiology as well as during disease development and progression. ECM roles are determined by its physical and mechanical properties and by its capacity to both release bioactive signals and activate cell signaling pathways. The ECM serves as a storage depot for a wide variety of molecules released in response to injury or with aging. Indeed, there is a plethora of examples describing how cells react to or modify ECM stiffness, how cells initiate intracellular signaling pathways, and how cells respond to the ECM. This Perspectives article reviews the contributions of 21 articles published in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology in response to a Call for Papers on this topic. Here, we summarize the contributions of these studies focused on the cardiac and vascular ECM. We highlight the translational importance of these studies and conclude that the ECM is a critical component of both the heart and vasculature. Readers are urged to examine and learn from this special Call for Papers.

scholarly journals TGF-Β Family Inhibitors Blunt Adipogenesis Via Non-Canonical Regulation Of SMAD Pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Aykul ◽  
Jordan Maust ◽  
Monique Floer ◽  
Erik Martinez-Hackert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Energy Surplus

ABSTRACTAdipose tissues (AT) expand in response to energy surplus through adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia (i.e., adipogenesis). The latter is a process by which multipotent precursors differentiate into mature adipocytes. This process is directed by growth factors and cytokines, including members of the TGF-β family, which regulate intracellular signaling pathways that control adipogenic transcriptional programs. As ectopic adipogenesis has been linked with metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions, we undertook to establish how TGF-β family growth factors and their inhibitors regulate this process in a 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model. We found that intracellular SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways are activated while SMAD2/3 pathways are suppressed in differentiating cells. Addition of SMAD1/5/8 pathway activating ligands promoted cell proliferation, while SMAD2/3 pathway activating ligands suppressed adipocyte formation. We identified several ligand traps that blunted 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Strikingly, anti-adipogenic traps and ligands exploited the same mechanism of regulation involving a negative feedback loop that links SMAD2/3 activation with SMAD1/5/8 hyper-phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and reduced signaling. The identified anti-adipogenic traps could be used to control hyperplastic AT expansion and its associated pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (18) ◽  
pp. 13162-13166
Author(s):  
Y. Konda ◽  
I. Gantz ◽  
J. DelValle ◽  
Y. Shimoto ◽  
H. Miwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways

scholarly journals Wrist circumference is a biomarker of adipose tissue dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in children with obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Luordi ◽  
E. Maddaloni ◽  
C. Bizzarri ◽  
S. Pedicelli ◽  
S. Zampetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Wrist Circumference
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