scholarly journals Approaches to vaccine prophilaxis of respiratory infections in patients with diabetes mellitus in the modern epidemiological situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
Alla A. Tarasova ◽  
Michail P. Kostinov ◽  
Julia A. Paramonova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This review highlights the problems of vaccine prophylaxis of pneumococcal infection and influenza in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (CD1 and CD2). The features of pneumococcal infection and influenza in conditions of unsatisfactory compensation of the disease are described. The necessity of protection against pneumococcal infection and influenza in the modern epidemiological situation is justified. Results of efficacy and safety of vaccination, including those in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, are established. The existing foreign and domestic regulatory documents on vaccine prevention of actual infections are shown.Despite the available documents on vaccination of patients with diabetes, there are problems with inadequate immunization coverage of patients with CD1 and CD2 due to the lack of precise clinical recommendations for the management of these categories both inpatient and outpatient as these recommendations do not cover the questions of vaccine prophylaxis. In Russian studies only the treatment regimens are evaluated without taking into account the fact that vaccines are related to medicines and that the prevention of respiratory infections is a curative measure and can inhibit the development of complications of diabetes.It is necessary to coordinate the work of general practitioners, pediatricians, therapists and the efforts of endocrinologists to increase the coverage of immunization of patients with various forms of diabetes mellitus.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in south-eastern Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Dworzański ◽  
Bartłomiej Drop ◽  
Ewa Kliszczewska ◽  
Małgorzata Strycharz-Dudziak ◽  
Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Effect of basic periodontal treatment on glycemic control and inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: controlled clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Claudia Camila Peruzzo Lopes ◽  
Priscila do Monte Ribeiro Busato ◽  
Maira Fernanda Michelin Mânica ◽  
Marcela Chiquetto de Araújo ◽  
Muriel Machado Marquez Zampiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Pathways of Glucagon Secretion and Trafficking in the Pancreatic Alpha Cell: Novel Pathways, Proteins, and Targets for Hyperglucagonemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Asadi ◽  
Savita Dhanvantari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Alpha Cell

Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit hyperglucagonemia, or excess glucagon secretion, which may be the underlying cause of the hyperglycemia of diabetes. Defective alpha cell secretory responses to glucose and paracrine effectors in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes may drive the development of hyperglucagonemia. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cell is critical for developing improved treatments for diabetes. In this review, we focus on aspects of alpha cell biology for possible mechanisms for alpha cell dysfunction in diabetes: proglucagon processing, intrinsic and paracrine control of glucagon secretion, secretory granule dynamics, and alterations in intracellular trafficking. We explore possible clues gleaned from these studies in how inhibition of glucagon secretion can be targeted as a treatment for diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Myogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotide (myoDN) Recovers the Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts Deteriorated by Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Nakamura ◽  
Shinichi Yonekura ◽  
Takeshi Shimosato ◽  
Tomohide Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Skeletal muscle wasting in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complication of decreased muscle mass and strength, and is a serious risk factor that may result in mortality. Deteriorated differentiation of muscle precursor cells, called myoblasts, in DM patients is considered to be one of the causes of muscle wasting. We recently developed myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs), which are 18-base single-strand DNAs that promote myoblast differentiation by targeting nucleolin. Herein, we report the applicability of a myoDN, iSN04, to myoblasts isolated from patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Myogenesis of DM myoblasts was exacerbated concordantly with a delayed shift of myogenic transcription and induction of interleukins. Analogous phenotypes were reproduced in healthy myoblasts cultured with excessive glucose or palmitic acid, mimicking hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. iSN04 treatment recovered the deteriorated differentiation of plural DM myoblasts by downregulating myostatin and interleukin-8 (IL-8). iSN04 also ameliorated the impaired myogenic differentiation induced by glucose or palmitic acid. These results demonstrate that myoDNs can directly facilitate myoblast differentiation in DM patients, making them novel candidates for nucleic acid drugs to treat muscle wasting in patients with DM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of calcium level in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the examination in the mobile medical center (Diamodule)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Anna V. Zheleznyakova ◽  
◽  
Victoriya L. Volodicheva ◽  
Olga K. Vikulova ◽  
Alexey A. Serkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by multiple risk factors for the combined development of disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, due to more frequent overweight, decreased renal filtration function and vitamin D deficiency in this category of patients. Aim. To assess the level of calcium in blood serum and its correlations with parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, body mass index (BMI) and renal function in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. The object of the study: adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ≥18 years old who underwent examination in Diamodule (n=294) in 2019 in the Voronezh region, who were additionally tested for serum calcium. The examination at the mobile medical center includes: assessment of anthropometric data (height, weight, BMI), biochemical data of blood lipids and creatinine levels with calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR-EPI), albuminuria and the albumin/creatinine in a single portion of urine, measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, electrocardiogram, consultation with a cardiologist, ophthalmologist, specialist of the Diabetic Foot office, diabetologist. All biochemical parameters was carried out using commercial kits on a biochemical express analyzer Spotchem EZ ArkraySP-4430. Determination of HbA1c, albuminuria, albumin/creatinine was performed by immunochemical method on a DCA Vantage analyzer. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistica v.13.3 software package (TIBCO Software Inc., USA). The results are presented as medians and quartiles [25; 75], the level of reliability is taken as p<0.05. Results. Hypocalcemia (serum calcium level less 2.15 mmol/L) was detected in 88.3% of patients with T1DM and 73.6% of patients with T2DM. The level of serum calcium in T1DM was 1.96 [1.83; 2.07], in T2DM – 2.04 [1.97; 2.16] (p<0.001) with significant differences in GFR: in T1DM 69.6 [57.8; 82.5], with T2DM 50.5 [44.1; 59.9] (p<0.001). We observed correlation between GFR and calcium level r=-0.3 (p<0.05,). GFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m² was observed in 30.5% of T1DM patients, in 75.0% of T2DM. The HbA1c in T1DM was 8.7% [7.7; 9.8], in T2DM – 8.3% [6.8; 9.4] (p=0.01). Obesity was revealed in T1DM in 12.3%, in T2DM in 71.4%; the median BMI in T1DM was 25.5 kg/m2 [21.9; 28.4], in T2DM – 33.2 kg/m2 [29.7; 37.9]. There was correlation between BMI and calcium level r=0.26 (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of hypocalcemia among patients with diabetes, the most pronounced in type 1 diabetes. In the presence of a correlation between calcium and GFR, there was a high incidence of hypocalcemia in patients with T1DM, even in the absence of a significant decrease in GFR, which may indicate to additional risk factors. Since the assessment of the level of calcium is not included in the list of standard clinical examination, it is recommended to include this parameter and conduct regular screening in risk groups, which include patients with diabetes. More extensive research is needed to analyze the factors.

scholarly journals Nonspecific body reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on its type

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Olenovych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

According to the results of complex assessment of integral haematological coefficients the development of endogenous intoxication was revealed in case of diabetes mellitus, whose intensity depends on the type of the disease and causes immune system disorganization. The decrease of functional activity of specific immunity as well as nonspecific one in case of diabetes mellitus leads to deregulation of cellular and humoral reactions and depends on diabetes type: in diabetes type 1 the reduction of nonspecific immunoresistance is contributed by microphages, in diabetes type 2 – by macrophages, accompanied by the deficiency of specific immune defense, reliably more significant in diabetes type 2.

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