scholarly journals Macular oedema as manifestation of diabetic retinopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukharram M. Bikbov ◽  
Rinat R. Fayzrakhmanov ◽  
Rinat M. Zaynullin ◽  
Artur F. Zaynetdinov ◽  
Timur R. Gilmanshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Diabetic Maculopathy ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Working Age

Diabetes mellitus is the third most dangerous disease of our time preceded by cardiovascular diseases and oncologic pathology. According to the International Diabetes Federation (January 1, 2016), worldwide approximately 415 million people aged 2079 years suffer from diabetes. The most significant manifestations of diabetes mellitus are lesions of the retina and blood vessels, which manifest as diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema, which lead to the inevitable loss of vision and disability in patients of working age. The existence of multile diagnostic methods and a broad classification provide an evidence of the complex nature of the pathological process of the macular zone in diabetes mellitus. However, to date, a single, generalised and accepted classification does not exist. Difficulties in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy are attributed to various forms of retinal lesions and ambiguities in the approach used to choose the disease management. It determines the importance of the development of diagnostic methods for the further correction of the standard treatment approach. New directions of surgical treatment allow relying on the best results of diabetic maculopathy treatment.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, PATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION, IMAGING, SCREENING AND MANAGE-MENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- A CRITICAL REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1442
Author(s):  
Narender Chanchal ◽  
Kushagra Goyal ◽  
Divya Vij ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Cluster ◽  
Keywords Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Microvascular Alterations

Diabetic retinopathy is that the leading reason for sightlessness among people between twenty-five and seventyfour years older within the industrialised world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) includes a heterogeneous cluster of disorders of carbohydrate, protein, and metastasis manifesting hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy could be microangiopathy ensuing from the chronic effects of the disease, and shares similarities with the microvascular alterations that occur in different tissues at risk of DM equivalent to the kidneys and also the peripheral nerves. Diabetic retinopathy is assessed into nonproliferative and proliferative stages. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) involves progressive intraretinal microvascular alterations that may result in, and a lot of advanced proliferative stages outlined by extraretinal neovascularization. Imaging modalities in common clinical use for the management of NPDR and DME embrace structure photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The suggested schedule for screening and surveillance for NPDR reflects data concerning the epidemiology and natural history of the disease. Diabetic retinopathy could be a leading explanationfor vision loss in working-age Americans and a major cause of sightlessness worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that as several as 592 million individuals worldwide can have DM in 2035, a rise from or so 387 million people calculable to possess the disease in 2014. Here, we tend to present a review of the presentunderstanding and new insights into biochemical mechanisms within the pathological process in DR, classification, furthermore as clinical treatments for DR patients. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, retinal degeneration, fluoresces in angiography, optical coher- ence tomography, VEGF, focal/grid laser photocoagulation.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Ana Boned-Murillo ◽  
Henar Albertos-Arranz ◽  
María Dolores Diaz-Barreda ◽  
Elvira Orduna-Hospital ◽  
Ana Sánchez-Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Oct Angiography ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the working population in developed countries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) has risen as an essential tool in the diagnosis and control of diabetic patients, with and without DR, allowing visualisation of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature, their qualitative and quantitative changes, the progression of vascular disease, quantification of ischaemic areas, and the detection of preclinical changes. The aim of this article is to analyse the current applications of OCTA and provide an updated overview of them in the evaluation of DR. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase, including the keywords “OCTA” OR “OCT angiography” OR “optical coherence tomography angiography” AND “diabetes” OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “diabetic retinopathy” OR “diabetic maculopathy” OR “diabetic macular oedema” OR “diabetic macular ischaemia”. Of the 1456 studies initially identified, 107 studies were screened after duplication, and those articles that did not meet the selection criteria were removed. Finally, after looking for missing data, we included 135 studies in this review. Results: We present the common and distinctive findings in the analysed papers after the literature search including the diagnostic use of OCTA in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We describe previous findings in retinal vascularization, including microaneurysms, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) changes in both size and morphology, changes in vascular perfusion, the appearance of retinal microvascular abnormalities or new vessels, and diabetic macular oedema (DME) and the use of deep learning technology applied to this disease. Conclusion: OCTA findings enable the diagnosis and follow-up of DM patients, including those with no detectable lesions with other devices. The evaluation of retinal and choroidal plexuses using OCTA is a fundamental tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of DR.

scholarly journals Doença Ocular Diabética

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Henriques ◽  
Sara Vaz-Pereira ◽  
João Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Caldeira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Corneal Erosion ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to macro and microvascular complications. The eye is one of the main organs affected by this disease, being diabetic retinopathy the most well-known microvascular complication and the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. However, diabetic ocular disease is not only characterized by diabetic retinopathy. Other important ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus include cataract, glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies and recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Here, we emphasize diabetic retinopathy as the most important and characteristic complication of diabetes mellitus, but also review less well-known complications with the aim to alert and sensitize non-ophthalmologist clinicians that treat diabetic individuals, in order to promote an early diagnosis and treatment of the sight-threatening complications of diabetes.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a cross-sectional population-based study from rural southern China: Dongguan Eye Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e023586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Jian Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Over 40 Years

Research questionThe current population-based study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk factors among residents over 40 years old in the rural area of Dongguan, southern China.Study designThe Dongguan Eye Study was a population-based study from September 2011 to February 2012.SettingThe area was set in the rural area of Dongguan, southern China.ParticipantsAdult rural population aged 40 or older.InterventionParticipants underwent haematological, physical, ophthalmic examinations and completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyles and systemic medical conditions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe frequency and risk factors of visual impairment and the major vision-threatening eye diseases.ResultsOf the 8952 Han Chinese, 1500 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an average age of 59.5±11.1 years, and 1310 participants with fundus photography results were analysed. Standardised prevalence rate of DR was 18.2% for all patients with diabetes, 32.8% for the patients with previously diagnosed diabetes and 12.6% for newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. The prevalence rate of male DR was significantly higher than that of female DR (23.0% vs 14.1%, p<0.001). No significant difference was found in age-specific prevalence of DR. In diabetic patients, the prevalence rates of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema and clinically significant macular oedema were 2.5%, 2.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Male gender, higher education level, longer duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), higher systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin were independent risk factors for DR development in patients with diabetes.ConclusionA relatively lower prevalence of DR was found among the participants with T2DM in residents over 40 years in the rural area of southern China. Thus, an ophthalmic examination is recommended, especially for individuals with DM and DR risk factors. There is a need to increase awareness and education on DM and DR, especially in subjects with DR risk factors to reduce the incidence of DR and macular oedema.

scholarly journals Psychophysical Exams as Early Indicators of Diabetic Retinopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nicola Pescosolido ◽  
Giuseppe Buomprisco ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Macular Function ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Working Age

Retinopathy is a serious and common complication of diabetes that represents the leading cause of blindness, among people of working age, in developed countries. It is estimated that the number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) will increase from 126.6 million in 2011 to 191 million by 2030. The visual function that seems to be affected first in the course of DR is probably the contrast sensitivity; in addition, being mainly a macular function, the perception of colour is also compromised. Moreover, the duration of the disease, the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the presence of cystoid macular oedema are strongly associated with the impairment of fixation stability in patients with diabetes with clinically significant macular oedema, suggesting the possible diagnostic role of microperimetry. The test of contrast sensitivity and the microperimetry and the chromatic sensitivity tests have proved to be useful, safe, reproducible and inexpensive tools to diagnose the disease early.

scholarly journals Diabetic macular edema

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Steven J Marks ◽  
Benjamin P Hale
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent manifestation of long standing diabetes mellitus. According to the World Health Organization diabetes affects nine percent of the adult population worldwide (Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2015). Of all of the common diseases of the eye, diabetic retinopathy has a great impact on the working age population and therefore presents a huge socioeconomic burden in all areas of the world. 

scholarly journals Modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy: delicacy or maximalism?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Panchenko ◽  
S.Yu. Mogilevskyy ◽  
N.S. Lavryk ◽  
S.O. Rykov ◽  
I.V. Shargorodska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Maculopathy ◽  
Ilm Peeling ◽  
Group I ◽  
One Year

Background. Diabetic retinopathy, one of the major complications of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness. One of the main causes of decreased central vision in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic maculopathy (DMP). DMP with possible development of diabetic maculopathy edema can be detected even in patients with initial changes in the fundus. The purpose was to investigate the safety profile and effectiveness of various modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy. Materials and methods. We observed 313 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (313 eyes) with DMP and initial (group I; n = 40), moderate-to-severe non-proliferative (group II; n = 92) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (group III; n = 181). All patients underwent conventional ophthalmological examinations. Three hundred and thirteen patients (313 eyes) who underwent surgical treatment were divided into 4 observation groups: group 1 — 78 people (78 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy 25G (PPV); group 2 — 85 individuals (85 eyes) who underwent PPV and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling; group 3 — 81 patients (81 eyes) who underwent PPV, ILM peeling and panretinal photocoagulation (PPC); group 4 — 69 people (69 eyes) who underwent PPV, ILM peeling, PPC and phacoemulsification. The nature and frequency of surgical, postoperative complications and the effectiveness of different vitreoretinal interventions were studied. Terms of observation were 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results. The effectiveness of different vitreoretinal interventions was studied 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. High efficiency of intervention for all types of vitrectomy is established. Modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of DMP and diabetic maculopathy edema is effective after 1 month in 60.7, 82.4, 85.2 and 68.12 % of cases, and after one year — in 76.0, 75.0, 73.1 and 73.5 %, respectively. The recurrence rate of DMP one year after vitreoretinal interventions was 24.0–27.0 % and did not depend on their modification. The effectiveness of DMP treatment depended on the stage of diabetic retinopathy and was 72.5 % in the initial non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 77.2 % with moderate-to-severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 66.3 % with proliferative diabetic retino-pathy. Recurrences of DMP were divided into three types: early transient, early persistent and late. The most frequent were early persistent relapses, which ranged from 16.1 to 25.6 % taking into account different methods of treatment. Conclusions. All stages of surgery must be strictly justified. The risks of each stage of the intervention should always be considered to obtain optimal functional results, especially in the long-term follow-up.

scholarly journals The degree of reliability of data obtained using a computer registry of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
A. V. Dreval ◽  
I. V. Misnikova ◽  
Yu. A. Redkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Active Detection

The main problem in analysis of the register of diabetes mellitus is evaluation of the reliability of data and the probability of extrapolating the results to a population of patients in the studied region. Our task was to assess the efficacy of diagnostic methods used in a region. Study of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy by referent tests revealed poor sensitivity of methods for diagnosis of these complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the Mytischi region; hence, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy might be higher than recorded in IDDM register. Analysis confirmed the usefulness of active detection of early stages of complicated IDDM by screening (examination of the fundus oculi, detection of microalbuminuria and vibration sensitivity) for reflecting the true incidence of complications and timely therapy. Detection of numerous patients with IDDM at the phase of diabetes decompensation necessitates revision of preventive and therapeutic measures. High incidence of hypoglycemic reactions among IDDM patients necessitates their more active prevention, specifically, training IDDM patients to practice automonitoring methods.

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